In theticketing system of theBritish rail network, aPermit to Travel provisionally allows passengers to travel on atrain when they have not purchased a ticket in advance and the ticket office of the station they are travelling from is closed, without incurring apenalty fare.
Because some rail passengers may travel without having their tickets checked at any point of their journey, particularly at off-peak times when stations are less likely to be staffed, the obligation to possess a Permit to Travel allows the collection of at least some revenue from passengers who would otherwise travel for free. Mosttrain operating companies (TOCs) have altered their penalty fare policies and have removed many Permit to Travel machines. At larger stations, these stations have also in recent years given way to more sophisticated self-service ticket machines.
The system, known officially as PERTIS (/pɜːrtɪs/;acronym for Permit to Travel Issuing System), was first introduced byNetwork SouthEast in November 1988 on theLondon, Tilbury and Southend line betweenLondon Fenchurch Street andShoeburyness. The machines, which closely resemble those found inpay and displaycar parks, were manufactured by Almex Control Systems.[1] Machines were given the designation AS-9 (wall-mounted) or AS-88 (mounted on a metal base), but internal workings and tickets were identical in each case.
Penalty fare schemes spread across Network SouthEast in subsequent years, with AS-88 machines being used exclusively. Railway stations in theWest Midlands andWest Yorkshirepassenger transport executive areas subsequently had schemes put in place, and machines were installed accordingly.
The front panel of the machine has two LCD displays; one shows the current time, while the other displays the amount paid when coins have been fed in. A button is pressed to print the permit, which shows a serial number, the station name, the date and time. The passenger is supposed to insert coins as near to the value of the fare as possible (if they know the fare and have enough coins), and some machines have a list of common local single and return fares.
Permits bear the warning that they are notfare tickets and must be exchanged for one at the first opportunity. The record of the station of issue means that passengers who travel using it cannot claim that they just boarded the train (allowing them to travel on a cheaper fare) if they are not reached by aticket inspector until a few stops after boarding. Permits are in any case valid for only two hours from the time shown on them.[citation needed]
If holders of a Permit to Travel are asked to present their ticket by an inspector, they will be asked where they are travelling to and issued with the appropriate ticket and will be charged the difference between the balance already paid, as stated on the permit and the full cost of the ticket for their journey.[2] If they have already paid the full price of the ticket, it will be exchanged for the permit and no money will change hands.
Because any amount of money on a valid Permit to Travel will ensure that a passenger cannot be charged a penalty fare, it is entirely possible (if the passenger is not encountered by an inspector, who will sell a full ticket) to make a two-hour train journey for as little as fivepence (the lowest denomination coin the machine will accept) without breaching any fare regulations.
When a station is staffed and its ticket office open, the machine will usually be deactivated, with a light illuminated to indicate that proper tickets should be purchased.
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A similar ticket is known inGermany as Fahrkarte Anfangsstrecke.[citation needed] It can be acquired at olderDeutsche Bahn ticket machines and is priced at €15.00.[citation needed]