Perevolochna Переволочна Perewoloczna | |
|---|---|
submerged settlement (fortress) | |
 Dnieper at the site of Perevolochna | |
  Perevolochna  Perevolochna | |
| Coordinates:48°51′49″N34°03′38″E / 48.863603°N 34.060570°E /48.863603; 34.060570 | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Oblast | Poltava |
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Perevolochna (Ukrainian:Переволочна) is a former fortress and town in thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth andCossack Hetmanate, and later a village inPoltava Oblast. Before the establishment ofKamianske Water Reservoir in the 1960s, here also existed ariver crossing. The settlement was situated at the bank of theDnieper near the mouth ofVorskla River,[1] where a ford across Dnieper enabled people to cross the river, hence its name.[2] The crossing Perevolochna – Mishuryn Rih was also a key crossing during theBattle of the Dnieper in October 1943.
Perevolochna was founded at the turn of the 13th to 14th century by the Lithuanian Great DukeVitaut as a fortified settlement in order to protect his empire against enemies from the East.
Again Perevolochna is mentioned in 1640s belonging toYuri Nemyrych (Jerzy Niemirycz), but which was also claimed byPotocki family.[1] Since the start ofKhmelnytsky Uprising, the town belonged toChyryn Regiment, since 1661 it was part of Kremenchuk Regiment.[1] Since mid 1660s it belonged toPoltava Regiment.[1] Claims to Perevolochna laid theZaporizhian Sich.[1] Role of the town has increased from mid 1680s being the main fort on the Crimean direction.[1]
In April 1709 Russian forces burned down Perevolochna.[1] On July 11, 1709, three days after theSwedish army had been defeated at theBattle of Poltava, the remainder of the Swedish army under GeneralAdam Ludwig Lewenhauptsurrendered at Perevolochna toRussian Empire GeneralAleksandr Menshikov near Perevolochna.[3] KingCharles XII of Sweden,hetmanIvan Mazepa andKost Hordiienko with 3,000 Swedes and Cossacks managed to cross theDnieper river and take refuge into Turkish-heldMoldavia.
On maps of 1730s Perevolochna fortress is shown on Dnieper river just north of theUkrainian fortification line.
After the loss of Russia at thePruth River Campaign, the fortress again became the key place of Southern frontier.[1] It also played great role during theRusso-Turkish War of 1735–1739.[1] In 1760s Perevolochna lost its city status, while in 1785 Perevolochna fortress was liquidated.[1]
Since 1802 it was a town within Kobeliaky county,Poltava Governorate.[1] Since 1919 Perevolochna was a village.[1]
During theWorld War II at the end of September 1943 the Soviet army stormedDnieper near Perevolochna establishing the bridgehead ("foothold") of Auly.[3][4]
Until being flooded by the Soviet government with creation of the Dniprodzerzhynsk reservoir (todayKamianske Reservoir) in the middle of the 1960s,[1] it belonged toKobeliaky Raion (district) ofPoltava Oblast (province) ofUkraine. On 6 December 1963 population of Perevolochna and Kyshenky was moved to the newly established village ofSvitlohirske, while the submerged settlements were excluded from record.[1][5]
