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Percrocutidae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Extinct family of carnivores

Percrocutidae Temporal range:Middle Miocene toLate Pliocene

Dinocrocuta gigantea skull cast,Zoological Museum in Copenhagen
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Superfamily:	Herpestoidea
Family:	†Percrocutidae Werdelin & Solounias, 1991
Genera
†Dinocrocuta †Percrocuta

Percrocutidae is an extinct family ofhyena-likefeliform carnivorans endemic toAsia,Africa, andSouthern Europe from theMiddle Miocene through thePliocene, existing for about8 million years.^[1]

The first percrocutids are known from the middleMiocene of Europe andwestern Asia and belonged to the genusPercrocuta.Percrocuta already had largepremolars, but did not carry such a massive bite as the later formDinocrocuta, from the later Miocene.^[2] Originally, these carnivores were placed with the hyenas in the familyHyaenidae. As of 2022^[update], most scientists considered the Percrocutidae to be a distinct family that evolved their morphology similar to hyenas dueconvergent evolution,^[3] - although they are usually placed sister-taxa/immediate outgroup to Hyaenidae.^[4] Sometimes it was placed with the familyStenoplesictidae into the superfamilyStenoplesictoidea. A 2022 study placedDinocrocuta andPercrocuta as true hyaenids, which if correct would invalidate the family Percrocutidae.^[3]

Taxonomy and evolution

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Taxonomic history

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Percrocuta was first considered as a side-branch outside of Hyaenidae by Thenius in 1966.^[5] It was later named as a different subfamily, Percrocutinae, of Hyaenidae in 1976, and at that time was proposed to includePercrocuta,Adcrocuta eximia, andAllohyaena kadici.^[6]Dinocrocuta was elevated from a subgenus to a full genus in 1988.^[7]

The family Percrocutidae was formally elevated in 1991, to include the generaPercrocuta,Dinocrocuta,Belbus andAllohyaena.^[8]

Later studies have suggested thatBelbus andAllohyaena are true hyaenids and not percrocutids.^[9]

Classification

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Family	Image	Genus	Species
†Percrocutidae		†Dinocrocuta(Schmidt-Kittler, 1975)	†D. algeriensis †D. gigantea †D. salonicae †D. senyureki
†Percrocutidae		†Percrocuta(Kretzoi, 1938)	†P. abessalomi †P. carnifex †P. grandis †P. leakeyi †P. miocenica †P. tobieni †P. tungurensis †P. xixiaensis

The list follows McKenna and Bell'sClassification of Mammals for prehistoric genera (1997).^[10] In contrast to McKenna and Bell's classification, they are not included as a subfamily into the Hyaenidae but as a separate family Percrocutidae.

References

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^Paleobiology Database: Percrocutidae basic information
^Turner, Alan; Antón, Mauricio (2004).Evolving Eden: An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-mammal Fauna. New York: Columbia University Press.ISBN 0-231-11944-5.
^^a ^bXiong, Wuyang (2022-05-01)."New species of Percrocuta (Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from the early middle Miocene of Tongxin, China".Historical Biology.35 (5):799–820.doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2067757.ISSN 0891-2963.S2CID 248627038.
^Figueirido, Borja; Tseng, Zhijie Jack; Martín-Serra, Alberto (2013)."Skull Shape Evolution in Durophagous Carnivorans".Evolution.67 (7):1975–1993.doi:10.1111/evo.12059.hdl:10630/32909.PMID 23815654.S2CID 23918004.
^Thenius, E. (1966). "Zur Stammesgeschichte der Hyänen (Carnivora, Mammalia)".Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde.31 (4):292–300.
^Schmidt-Kittler, N. (1976). "Raubtiere aus dem Jungtertiär Kleinasiens".Palaeontographica Abteilung A.155 (1–4):1–131.
^Qiu, ZX; Xie, JY; Yan, DF (1988). "Discovery of the skull of Dinocrocuta gigantea".Vertebrata PalAsiatica.26 (2):128–138.
^Werdelin, L; Solounias, N (1991). "The Hyaenidae: taxonomy, systematics and evolution".Fossils and Strata.30:1–104.doi:10.18261/8200374815-1991-01.ISBN 8200374815.
^Lars Werdelin; Björn Kürten (1999)."Allohyaena (Mammalia: Carnivora): giant hyaenid from the Late Miocene of Hungary".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.126 (3):319–334.doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1999.tb01374.x.
^Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell:Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level in Columbia University Press, New York 1997, 631 Seiten,ISBN 0-231-11013-8

Jordi Agustí:Mammoths, Sabertooths and Hominids 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe, Columbia University Press, 2002.LCCN 2001-42251ISBN 0-231-11640-3

Genera ofcivets,mongooses,hyenas,cats, and their extinct allies

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Carnivora

Feliformia

†Palaeogalidae

†Palaeogale?

†Nimravidae

- SeeNimravidae

Aeluroidea

Nandiniidae

Nandinia

Viverroidea

Viverridae

†Africanictis †Dunictis †Forsythictis †Lufengictis †Ketketictis †Mioprionodon †Moghradictis †Progenetta
Genettinae	Genetta Poiana
Hemigalinae	Chrotogale Cynogale Diplogale Hemigalus Macrogalidia
Paradoxurinae	Arctictis Arctogalidia †Kanuites †Kichechia Paguma Paradoxurus †Siamictis †Tugenictis
Viverrinae	Civettictis †Semigenetta Viverra Viverricula

Herpestoidea

Herpestidae	See below↓
Hyaenidae	See below↓

Feloidea

- See below↓

Herpestidae

Eupleridae

Euplerinae	Cryptoprocta Eupleres Fossa
Galidiinae	Galidia Galidictis Mungotictis Salanoia

Herpestidae

†Kichechia †Legetetia †Leptoplesictis †Ugandictis
Herpestinae	Atilax Bdeogale Cynictis Herpestes Ichneumia Paracynictis Urva Xenogale
Mungotinae	Crossarchus Dologale Helogale Liberiictis Mungos Suricata

Hyaenidae

†Percrocutidae?

Dinocrocuta
Percrocuta

†Lophocyonidae

Hyaenidae

†Allohyaena †Belbus †Metahyaena †Pliocrocuta †Tongxinictis †Werdelinus
†Ictitheriinae	Herpestides Hyaenotherium Ictitherium Lycyaena Miohyaenotherium Plioviverrops Protictitherium Thalassictis Tungurictis
Protelinae	†Gansuyaena Proteles
Hyaeninae	†Adcrocuta †Chasmaporthetes Crocuta Hyaena †Hyaenictis †Ikelohyaena †Leecyaena †Lycyaenops †Pachycrocuta †Palinhyaena Parahyaena

Feloidea

†Barbourofelidae

(SeeBarbourofelidae)

Prionodontidae

Felidae

†Asilifelis †Diamantofelis †Hyperailurictis †Katifelis †Namafelis †Miopanthera †Pseudaelurus †Sivaelurus †Styriofelis
†Proailurinae	Proailurus Vinayakia
Felinae	Acinonyx Catopuma Caracal Felis Herpailurus Leopardus Leptailurus †Leptofelis Lynx †Magerifelis †Miracinonyx Otocolobus Pardofelis †Pratifelis Prionailurus †Pristifelis Puma †Sivapanthera †Sivapardus †Vishnufelis
†Machairodontinae	SeeMachairodontinae
Pantherinae	Neofelis Panthera †Leontoceryx †Pachypanthera

Taxon identifiers
Percrocutidae	Wikidata:Q134908 Wikispecies:Percrocutidae EoL:4529049 GBIF:4970256 Paleobiology Database:95348

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