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Penny Wong

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Australian politician (born 1968)

Penny Wong
黃英賢
Official portrait, 2021
Minister for Foreign Affairs
Assumed office
23 May 2022
Prime MinisterAnthony Albanese
Preceded byMarise Payne
Leader of the Government in the Senate
Assumed office
1 June 2022
Prime MinisterAnthony Albanese
DeputyDon Farrell
Preceded bySimon Birmingham
In office
27 June 2013 – 18 September 2013
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
DeputyJacinta Collins
Preceded byStephen Conroy
Succeeded byEric Abetz
Leader of the Opposition in the Senate
In office
18 September 2013 – 23 May 2022
DeputyStephen Conroy
Don Farrell
Kristina Keneally
LeaderBill Shorten
Anthony Albanese
Preceded byEric Abetz
Succeeded bySimon Birmingham
Minister for Finance and Deregulation
In office
14 September 2010 – 18 September 2013
Prime MinisterJulia Gillard
Kevin Rudd
Preceded byLindsay Tanner
Succeeded byMathias Cormann
Minister for Climate Change
In office
3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
Julia Gillard
Preceded byOffice created
Succeeded byGreg Combet
Senator forSouth Australia
Assumed office
1 July 2002
Preceded byChris Schacht
Personal details
BornPenelope Ying-Yen Wong
(1968-11-05)5 November 1968 (age 57)
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Citizenship
  • Australia
  • Malaysia (until 2001)
PartyLabor
Spouse
Sophie Allouache
​
(m. 2024)​
Children2
EducationUniversity of Adelaide (BA,LLB)
University of South Australia (LPC)
Signature
Websitepennywong.com.au
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese黃英賢
Simplified Chinese黄英贤
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHuáng Yīngxián
Hakka
Pha̍k-fa-sṳVòng Yîn-hèn
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationWòhng Yīng-yìhn
JyutpingWong4 Jing1-jin4

Penelope Ying-Yen Wong (born 5 November 1968) is an Australian politician who is serving as theMinister for Foreign Affairs andLeader of the Government in the Senate in theAlbanese government since 2022. A member of theAustralian Labor Party (ALP), she has been asenator forSouth Australia since 2002. Wong previously served asMinister for Climate Change andMinister for Finance and Deregulation during the governments of prime ministersKevin Rudd andJulia Gillard from 2007 until 2013.

Born inKota Kinabalu,Sabah, Malaysia, to aChinese-Malaysian father from the town of Sandakan and anEnglish-Australian mother from Adelaide, Wong was educated atScotch College prior to attending theUniversity of Adelaide, graduating with Bachelor of Arts andBachelor of Laws degrees. She then worked as a lawyer and political advisor. Wong entered politics by winning a Senate seat in the2001 election.

Following Labor's victory in the2007 election, she was appointed Australia's first-ever Minister for Climate Change, going on to represent the country at the landmark 2009UN Climate Change Conference inCopenhagen. Following the2010 election, Wong was moved to becomeMinister for Finance and Deregulation, and in June 2013, she was elected by her colleagues to become Leader of the Government in the Senate. Following Labor's defeat in the2013 election, Wong held several roles in theshadow cabinets of bothBill Shorten andAnthony Albanese, serving asLeader of the Opposition in the Senate throughout. Upon Labor's victory at the2022 election, Wong was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs, and resumed her role as Leader of the Government in the Senate.

In 2008, she became thefirst Asian-Australian in an Australian cabinet.[1] She was also the first femaleopenly LGBTI Australian federal parliamentarian, and was an instrumental figure in the legalisation ofsame-sex marriage in Australia in 2017, reversing her previous endorsement of Labor Party policy that had opposed it.[2][3][4][5][6] On 6 March 2024, Wong became the longest-serving female cabinet minister in the history of the Australian Parliament.

Early life and education

[edit]

Penelope Ying-Yen Wong[7] was born on 5 November 1968 inKota Kinabalu, the capital ofSabah, which hadbecome part of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963.[8] Her parents were Jane (née Chapman) (died 2024), anEnglish Australian whose forebears first reached South Australia onCygnet in 1836,[9] and Francis Wong (1941–2023), aChinese-Malaysian architect-cum-town-planner of mixedCantonese[10] andHakka[11] descent who hailed fromSandakan, the former capital and second-largest city or town located in the state's east coast.[12][13][14][15][16] Penny Wong's parents had met in the early 1960s, when Francis Wong was studying architecture at theUniversity of Adelaide under theColombo Plan.[17][18] Wong grew up speakingBahasa Malaysia (particularly theSabahan dialect), Chinese (her native vernacular dialects ofCantonese andHakka) in addition toEnglish which was her first or home language spoken to her mixed-race parents.[19] At five years old, she began attending the Kinabalu International School.[20] After her parents separated, she moved toAdelaide,South Australia, at the age of eight with her mother and younger brother.[21]

After starting atCoromandel Valley Primary School, Wong gained a scholarship toScotch College, Adelaide, where she studied chemistry, physics and mathematics. During her time at Scotch College, Wong touredNew Caledonia as part of her French-language studies, performed in school productions of plays such asSix Characters in Search of an Author, and co-captained thehockey team.[22]

She was accepted into theBachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery at theUniversity of Adelaide,[23] but after spending a year on exchange inBrazil,[24] found she had an aversion to blood. She then studied and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts inJurisprudence and aBachelor of Laws withHonours at the University of Adelaide in 1993, followed by a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice at theUniversity of South Australia.[7][23][25][26]

Student politics and activism

[edit]

Through her friendship withDavid Penberthy, who had also been on exchange in Latin America,[27] Wong joined theSocialist Workers Party-sponsored Committee in Solidarity with Central America and the Caribbean (CISCAC) while at university in 1987, but was not an active member.[28] Wong's connections with CISCAC brought her in contact with a broader group of left-wing activists who opposed theHawke Labor government'splanned changes to university fees. In a July 1988 election, Wong won a position on the board of theAdelaide University Union as part of the newly formed Progressive Education Team.[29] One month later, while protesting outside a state Labor Party convention at theAdelaide Trades Hall, Wong had a conversation withYoung Labor member Lois Boswell, who told her that "if you wanted to really make a difference, you had to be inside the room having that battle." Wong joined the Labor Party that day; she credits her decision to her conversation with Boswell, and theLiberal-National Coalition's new "One Australia" policy opposingmulticulturalism andAsian immigration.[30]

Wong became involved with the leadership of the Adelaide University Labor Club,[31] and has been a delegate to theSouth Australian Labor Party State Convention every year since 1989 (with the exception of 1995).[32]

She also worked part-time for theConstruction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU), and won a position on the National Executive of theNational Union of Students. A number of her contemporaries at university went on to become Australian politicians, including former senator for South Australia,Natasha Stott Despoja; formerPremier of South Australia,Jay Weatherill;[24] and health ministerMark Butler.[23][24][31]

Professional career

[edit]

After graduation, Wong continued her association with the CFMEU as an industrial officer.[7] She was admitted to the South Australian Bar in 1993. During 1995 and 1996, Wong acted as an advisor to the CFMEU and to the newly electedNew South Wales state government, specializing in the area of forest policy in the middle of the fierce 1990s environmental battles over logging in NSW.[33]

On returning to Adelaide, Wong began practising law, working as a solicitor at the firm Duncan and Hannon (1996–1999).[34] From 1999 to 2002, she worked as a legal officer with theLiquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union. During this time she also won a position on the ALP's state executive.[35]

During her legal career (1996–2002), Wong appeared as counsel in eleven published decisions of theAustralian Industrial Relations Commission, 15 published decisions of the South Australian Industrial Relations Court, eight published decisions of the South Australian Industrial Relations Commission, three published decisions of the South Australian Workers Compensation Appeal Tribunal and ten published decisions of the South Australian Workers Compensation Tribunal.[36][37]

Political career

[edit]

Election to the Senate

[edit]
Wong in 2007

Wong ran for pre-selection for the Senate in 2001, and was selected for the top position on the Labor Party's South Australian ticket. She was elected at the2001 election, her term commencing on 1 July 2002. Wong is a member ofLabor Left,[38] and is a member ofEMILY's List Australia,[39] the support network for Labor women, and sat on a number of Senate committees, primarily those related to economics.[40]

In June 2005, Wong was appointedShadow Minister for Employment and Workforce Participation,[41] and Shadow Minister for Corporate Governance and Responsibility. Following the reshuffle in December 2006, she became responsible for the portfolios of Public Administration and Accountability, Corporate Governance and Responsibility, and Workforce Participation.[citation needed]

First Rudd government (2007–2013)

[edit]

In December 2007, in the wake of the Labor Party victory in the2007 election, Wong was appointed to theCabinet of Australia in thefirst Rudd government as theMinister for Climate Change, the first person to hold this role in an Australian cabinet.[26][42] She accompanied then Prime MinisterKevin Rudd to Bali for theinternational climate change talks. Wong led final negotiations as Chair of the United Nations Working Group in the closing days of theUnited Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2007, shortly after her appointment as minister.[43]

Gillard and Second Rudd governments (2010–2013)

[edit]

Shortly after the commencement of theGillard government in June 2010,Julia Gillard promoted Wong to succeedLindsay Tanner asMinister for Finance and Deregulation.[44][45] At this time, Wong said she agreed with the Labor Party policy on marriage[46] because there was a, "cultural, religious and historical view of marriage being between a man and a woman".[47][48]

In February 2013, Wong was elected as the ALP's deputy Senate leader following the resignation ofChris Evans, thus becoming Deputy Leader of the Government in the Senate.[49] Wong retained the position of Minister for Finance after Kevin Rudd'ssuccessful leadership spill in June 2013. FollowingStephen Conroy's resignation and the beginning of thesecond Rudd government, she also became theLeader of the Government in the Senate. She was the first woman to be elected as ALP Senate leader, and the first woman to serve as Leader of the Government in the Senate.[50] Wong held these roles until Labor's defeat at the2013 federal election.[51]

Opposition (2013–2022)

[edit]

Following Labor's defeat at the2013 Australian federal election, Wong was electedLeader of the Opposition in the Senate, becoming the first woman to hold the position.[52] She was also appointed Labor's trade and investment spokesperson, before later taking over responsibility for the foreign affairs portfolio fromTanya Plibersek. In these roles, she helped negotiate Australia's interests in theTrans-Pacific Partnership which was ratified in late 2018.[53] In March 2019, Wong was named the 2018 McKinnon Political Leader of the Year.[54]

Following the2019 Labor leadership contest, Wong retained her positions as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate and Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs in thenew cabinet of Anthony Albanese.[55] At this point she was named part of Albanese's four-person ALP leadership team, along withRichard Marles andKristina Keneally.

Albanese Government (2022–present)

[edit]
Wong with Chinese Foreign MinisterQin Gang, 2 March 2023
Wong with Kiribati PresidentTaneti Maamau
Wong with US Secretary of StateMarco Rubio, 1 July 2025

With Labor winning government in the2022 Australian federal election, Wong becameMinister for Foreign Affairs. She was sworn in on 23 May 2022, only two days after the election and before final results were known, in order to attend a pre-scheduled meeting of theQuadrilateral Security Dialogue with newly elected Prime MinisterAnthony Albanese.[56][57] Wong is thefirst Asian Australian and thefirst openly LGBTI person to hold the office of Australian Foreign Minister.[58][59]

On 6 March 2024, Wong became longest-serving female cabinet minister in the history of the Australian Parliament, setting a new record as she served her 2,769th day in cabinet and exceeding the number of days served by former Liberal senatorAmanda Vanstone.[60]

China

[edit]

Wong sought to improve therelationship between Australia and China, which deteriorated after the previous Australian government underScott Morrison wanted to investigate the origins of theCOVID-19 pandemic and condemned China'smistreatment of ethnicUyghurs.[61][62] In December 2022, Wong met Chinese Foreign MinisterWang Yi, becoming the first Australian cabinet minister to visit China since 2019.[63]

In response toChinese naval exercises in the Tasman Sea in February 2025, Wong met Wang Yi at theG20 summit inSouth Africa to raise Australian concerns about Chinese naval activities near Australia.[64]

Iran

[edit]

During the2025–2026 Iranian protests, Wong stated that "Australia stands with the brave people of Iran" in their struggle against an "oppressive regime". She strongly condemned themassacres of Iranian protesters.[65]

Israel-Palestine

[edit]

In October 2022, Wong announced that the Albanese government would be reversing the previousMorrison government's decision to recogniseWest Jerusalem asIsrael's capital, adding that Jerusalem's status should be decided through peace negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians.[66][67] In August 2023, Wong confirmed that Australia would revert to its pre-2014 policy of designating theWest Bank,East Jerusalem and theGaza Strip as "Occupied Palestinian Territories" and theIsraeli settlements there as "illegal".[68][69]

FollowingHamas' attack on Israel on 7 October 2023, Wong has repeatedly expressed support for Israel during theGaza war and called for Hamas to release Israeli hostages.[70][71] Wong also paused funding to theUnited Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) in February 2024 after Israelalleged that 12 of the UNRWA's 13,000 staff were either involved in the attacks by Hamas on 7 October or had links to Hamas. She said she was waiting for Israel to provide evidence for the allegations and said that the UNRWA was the only organisation providing substantive support to the occupied Palestinian territories. A report byChannel 4 in the UK said that a dossier provided by Israel to the United Nations contained no evidence to support its allegations; at the same time Wong said that Israel's allegations were serious, noting that UNRWA itself had stated that an investigation was warranted.[72][73] Wong also expressed concerns about Israel's plannedRafah offensive in February 2024, describing it as "unjustifiable".[74]

In early April 2024, Wong said that the Albanese government was considering recognisingPalestinian statehood as a means of facilitating atwo-state solution for Israel and Palestine.[75] Her comments attracted criticism from theExecutive Council of Australian Jewry President Daniel Aghon[76] but were welcomed by the president of theAustralia Palestine Advocacy Network,Nasser Mashni.[77] After the Albanese government voted in favour of aUnited Nations General Assembly resolution supporting Palestinian membership of the United Nations in May 2024, Wong clarified that the vote did not mean that Australia would recognise Palestinian statehood but was rather about extending "modest additional rights to participate in United Nations forums". She reiterated that Australia would only recognise Palestine "when we think the time is right" and that a reformedPalestinian Authority, not Hamas, should "lead its people" in a future Palestinian state.[78][79]

In August 2024, Wong joined several world leaders in condemningIsraeli Finance MinisterBezalel Smotrich's statement about "starving'" Palestinians in Gaza until hostages are returned.[80] After theInternational Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants againstIsraeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu andDefence MinisterYoav Gallant, and Hamas military commanderMohammed Deif, Wong stated that the Australian government "respects the independence of the ICC and its important role in upholding international law".[81][82]

On 11 June 2025, Wong announced that the Australian government would be joiningNew Zealand,Canada, theUnited Kingdom andNorway in banning and freezing the assets of two far-right Israeli government ministersItamar Ben-Gvir and Smotrich for advocating violence and the displacement ofPalestinians.[83] When asked in July 2025 about exporting parts forF-35 fighter jets to Israel, Wong said that Australia only exports "non-lethal" parts for the jets.[84]

In late July 2025, Wong joined 14 other foreign ministers including her Canadian and New Zealand counterparts in issuing a joint statement condemning Hamas for its role in the 7 October attacks on Israel and expressing support for recognising a Palestinian state at the nextUnited Nations General Assembly meeting in September 2024.[85]On 9 August 2025, Wong joined her German, Italian, New Zealand and British counterparts in issuing a joint statement condemning Netanyahu's plan to invade and occupyGaza City.[86] In September 2025, Wong declined to answer whether she would describe the situation in the Gaza Strip agenocide.[87]

The Pacific and New Zealand

[edit]
Wong with Fijian Prime MinisterSitiveni Rabuka, 21 February 2023

Within a few days of being sworn into office, Wong visited several Pacific countries to emphasise the new government's approach to climate change and relations with nations in the region, includingFiji (where she addressed thePacific Islands Forum),Samoa andTonga.[88][89][90][91]

On 16 June 2022, Wong visitedNew Zealand Foreign MinisterNanaia Mahuta to reaffirmbilateral relations and cooperation in the areas of climate change, indigenous andIndo-Pacific issues. Wong also stated that her government would consider New Zealand's concerns about Australia'sSection 501 deportation policy, which had strained relations between the two countries.[92][93]

On 1 February 2024, Wong andDefence MinisterRichard Marles hosted their New Zealand counterpartsWinston Peters andJudith Collins for a joint bilateral meeting of foreign and defence ministers inMelbourne. During the meeting, Marles confirmed that Australian would brief New Zealand aboutAUKUS Pillar Two, which would focus on advanced military technology including quantum computing and artificial intelligence. The Australian and New Zealand governments also committed to boosting bilateral security and defence cooperation.[94][95]

In mid-June 2024, Wong and several cabinet colleagues including Marles andPat Conroy attended the 30th Australia-Papua New Guinea Ministerial Forum inPort Moresby.[96] During the visit, the Albanese government also announced several initiatives under a bilateral security agreement with Papua New Guinea.[97]

Southeast Asia

[edit]
Wong with Vietnamese Foreign MinisterBùi Thanh Sơn, 18 October 2024

On 6 June 2022, Albanese along with Foreign Minister Wong, Trade MinisterDon Farrell and Industry MinisterEd Husic visitedIndonesian PresidentJoko Widodo inJakarta to reaffirm relations with Indonesia andASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations).[98][99]

Between 4–6 March 2024, Australia hosted a "special summit" between Australia and the member nations of ASEAN to mark 50 years of diplomatic dialogue relations.[100] During the summit, Wong exchanged amemorandum of understanding affirming the Australian–Malaysian comprehensive strategic partnership withMalaysian Foreign MinisterMohamad Hassan at the second Australia-Malaysia annual leaders' meeting. Several diplomatic and economic initiatives were also reached at the summit, including a $2 billion "Southeast Asia Investment Financing Facility", a $140 million infrastructure development partnership, and expanded business visa programs.[101] On 15 December 2024 Wong along with Albanese andTony Burke confirmed that survivingBali Nine membersMatthew Norman,Scott Rush,Martin Stephens,Si Yi Chen, andMichael Czugaj had been repatriated to Australia after serving over 19 years in prison in Indonesia. The five had been convicted of attempting to import over eight kilograms ofheroin fromBali in 2005.[102]

United States

[edit]
33rd annual Australia–United States Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN) in Brisbane on 29 July 2023

During a 2023Senate estimates hearing, Wong was asked about the presence of nuclear weapons aboard nuclear-capableB-52s andB2 Spirits U.S. bombers, which operate regularly out of northern Australia. When U.S. bombers visit Australia, the U.S. government does not tell the Australian government whether the aircraft are carrying nuclear weapons. Wong said the Australian Government "understand[s] and respect[s] the longstanding U.S. policy of neither confirming or denying". She also said the government wanted a greater U.S. military presence in theIndo-Pacific region.[103]

Public image

[edit]

Wong has been described by her biographer as "principled, intellectual, private, restrained and sane".[104] In 2022,Reuters described her as a "high profile" figure with "a reputation for plain language and maintaining composure during heated debates."[105]

Several studies and surveys have consistently found Wong to be the most trusted politician in Australia among respondents.[106] Wong has been consistently named as Australia's most trusted politician through studies and opinion polling. Polling conducted byThe Australia Institute in 2019 found that Wong was the most trusted federal legislator, though then-Prime Minister of New ZealandJacinda Ardern topped the poll altogether.[107] Studies taken in March 2022 and December 2023 byRoy Morgan Research found Wong to be Australia's most trusted politician.[108][106] Wong was deemed the most effective minister in the Albanese government in a survey ofAustralian Financial Review readers in 2022 and 2023.[109][110] Opinion polling undertaken byThe Sydney Morning Herald andThe Age in December 2023 also found Wong to be the most liked politician in the country.[111]

Personal life

[edit]

Wong is a practising Christian and a member of theUniting Church.[24] She has said "I do not ever remember having the sense that I denied the existence of God."[112] Others in her wider family from Sabah are Buddhist, but she also has Christian relatives on her paternal side.[113] She heldMalaysian citizenship before renouncing it in 2001.[114]

Wong is a lesbian andcame out publicly a month after she assumed her Senate seat in 2002.[115] In 2010, Wong was selected by readers of Samesame website as one of the 25 most influential lesbian Australians.[116]

Wong's wife, Sophie Allouache, is a public servant and former University of Adelaide Students' Association president.[117] In December 2011, Allouache gave birth to their first child,[118] after announcing theIVF-assisted pregnancy.[119] Allouache gave birth to their second daughter in 2015.[120] Wong and Allouache married in 2024.[121]

Wong received media attention on a visit to Indonesia in June 2022 for speaking fluentIndonesian in a 52-second video clip.[122]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^"Marriage equality movement 'unstoppable', Senator Penny Wong tells Melbourne rally".ABC News. 13 June 2015. Retrieved27 January 2025.
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  4. ^Farouque, Farah (10 June 2006)."Why, oh why can't I have a civil union?".The Age. Australia.Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved23 May 2007.
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  121. ^"After nearly 20 years together, Penny Wong and Sophie Allouache tie the knot". 17 March 2024.
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