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Pennsylvania Turnpike
Pennsylvania Turnpike mainline highlighted in green
Route information
Maintained byPTC
Length	360.09 mi[4] (579.51 km)
Existed	October 1, 1940[1][2]–present
History	Philadelphia Extension completed on November 20, 1950 Western Extension completed on December 1, 1954 Delaware River Extension completed on May 23, 1956[3]
Component highways	I-76 Toll fromOhio state line toKing of Prussia I-70 Toll fromNew Stanton toBreezewood I-276 Toll from King of Prussia toBristol Township I-95 from Bristol Township toNew Jersey state line
Restrictions	Nohazardous goods allowed in tunnels
Major junctions
West end	I-76 Toll /Ohio Turnpike at theOhio state line
Major intersections	I-376 Toll inBig Beaver I-79 /US 19 inCranberry Township I-376 /US 22 /US 22 Bus. inMonroeville I-70 fromNew Stanton toBreezewood I-83 nearNew Cumberland I-283 nearHighspire I-176 nearMorgantown I-76 inKing of Prussia I-476 /Penna Turnpike NE Extension inPlymouth Meeting I-95 nearBristol
East end	I-95 /Pearl Harbor Extension at theNew Jersey state line
Location
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
Counties	Lawrence,Beaver,Butler,Allegheny,Westmoreland,Somerset,Bedford,Fulton,Huntingdon,Franklin,Cumberland,York,Dauphin,Lebanon,Lancaster,Berks,Chester,Montgomery,Bucks
Highway system
Pennsylvania State Route System Interstate US State Scenic Legislative
←PA 75 I-76 →PA 76 ←PA 274 I-276 →PA 276 ←I-279 I-280 →PA 280
Pennsylvania Historical Marker
Designated	1990[5]

ThePennsylvania Turnpike, sometimes shortened toPenna Turnpike orPA Turnpike, is acontrolled-accesstoll road which is operated by thePennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) inPennsylvania. It runs for 360 miles (580 km) across the southern part of the state, connectingPittsburgh,Harrisburg andPhiladelphia, and passes through four tunnels as it crosses theAppalachian Mountains. A component of theInterstate Highway System, it is part ofI-76 between theOhio state line andValley Forge (runningconcurrently withI-70 betweenNew Stanton andBreezewood), I-276 between Valley Forge andBristol Township, andI-95 from Bristol Township to the New Jersey state line.

The turnpike's western terminus is at the Ohio state line inLawrence County, where it continues west as theOhio Turnpike. The eastern terminus is theNew Jersey state line at theDelaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge, which crosses theDelaware River inBucks County. It continues east as thePearl Harbor Memorial Extension of theNew Jersey Turnpike. The turnpike has anall-electronic tolling system; tolls may be paid usingE-ZPass ortoll by plate, which usesautomatic license plate recognition. Cash tolls were collected with aticket andbarrier toll system before they were phased out between 2016 and 2020. The turnpike currently has 15service plazas, providing food and fuel to travelers.

The turnpike was designed during the 1930s to improve automobile transportation across the Pennsylvania mountains, using seven tunnels built for theSouth Pennsylvania Railroad in the 1880s. It opened in 1940 betweenIrwin andCarlisle.^[6] Branded as "America's First Superhighway", the turnpike, an early long-distance limited-access U.S. highway, was a model for future limited-access toll roads and the Interstate Highway System. It was extended east to Valley Forge in 1950^[7] and west to the Ohio state line in 1951.^[8] The road was extended east to the Delaware River in 1954, and construction began onan extension intoNortheastern Pennsylvania.^[9] The mainline turnpike was finished in 1956 with the completion of the Delaware River Bridge.^[10]

From 1962 to 1971, an additional tube was built at four of the two-lane tunnels, with twocuts built to replace the three others; this made the entirety of the road four lanes wide. Improvements continue to be made: rebuilding to meet modern standards, widening portions to six lanes, and construction or reconstruction of interchanges.

The turnpike runs west to east across Pennsylvania, from theOhio state line inLawrence County to theNew Jersey state line inBucks County. It passes through thePittsburgh,Harrisburg, andPhiladelphia areas, farmland and woodland. The highway crosses theAppalachian Mountains in central Pennsylvania, passing through fourtunnels. ThePTC, created in 1937 to construct, finance, operate, and maintain the road, controls the highway.^[11] In 2023, the turnpike hadannual average daily traffic ranging from a high of 120,000 vehicles (between theNorristown Interchange and theFort Washington Interchange) to a low of 21,000 (between theBreezewood Interchange and theCarlisle Interchange).^[12]

It is part of theNational Highway System,^[13] a network of roads important to the U.S. economy, defense, and mobility.^[14] The turnpike is aBlue Star Memorial Highway, honoring those who have served in theUnited States Armed Forces, and the Garden Club Federation of Pennsylvania has placed Blue Star Memorial Highway markers at its service plazas.^[15][16] In addition to the east–west mainline, the PTC also operates theNortheast Extension (I-476), the Beaver Valley Expressway (I-376), theMon–Fayette Expressway (PA 43), the Amos K. Hutchinson Bypass (PA 66), and the Southern Beltway (PA 576).^[17]

The turnpike begins at the Ohio state line in Lawrence County, where it continues west as theOhio Turnpike. From the state line, the highway heads southeast as a four-lane freeway (I-76) through rural areas south ofNew Castle. A short distance from the Ohio line, the eastbound lanes pass the electronic Gateway toll gantry, where the road widens to six lanes. The highway then reachesBeaver County and the first interchange with I-376 (the Beaver Valley Expressway) inBig Beaver, narrowing back to four lanes.^[18][19][20]

It then passes underNorfolk Southern's Koppel Secondary rail line before the exit forPA 18 nearHomewood, crossingCSX'sPittsburgh Subdivision rail line, theBeaver River, and Norfolk Southern's Youngstown Line on theBeaver River Bridge.^[11][18][19] The road entersButler County andCranberry Township,^[20] where an interchange accessesI-79 andUS 19. It widens to six lanes and continues through rural land and suburban development north of Pittsburgh intoAllegheny County.^[19][20]

The turnpike approaches theWarrendale toll gantry (where the closed toll system begins) and continues southeast, narrowing to four lanes and passing over the CSXP&W Subdivision rail line operated by theBuffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad to an interchange withPA 8 inHampton Township, becoming six lanes wide again. The Allegheny Valley exit inHarmar Township accessesPA 28 via Freeport Road.^[18][19] The road then heads south, withCanadian National'sBessemer Subdivision rail line parallel on the east, before crossing Norfolk Southern'sConemaugh Line, theAllegheny River, and theAllegheny Valley Railroad'sAllegheny Subdivision line on theAllegheny River Turnpike Bridge.^[18][19][21]

After the river crossing, the road passes through theOakmont Country Club before a bridge over Canadian National's Bessemer Subdivision; where it narrows to four lanes and the rail tracks parallel the west side of the road before splitting further west. The highway heads southeast toMonroeville, an eastern suburb of Pittsburgh; an interchange with the eastern terminus of I-376 andUS 22 (the Penn–Lincoln Parkway) accesses Pittsburgh.^[18][19] It traverses eastern Allegheny County before enteringWestmoreland County.^[19][20] The turnpike then heads south and passes over Norfolk Southern'sPittsburgh Line before the exit forUS 30 nearIrwin.^[18][19]

After the Irwin interchange, the turnpike widens to six lanes and heads into rural areas west ofGreensburg. Curving southeast, it reachesNew Stanton and an interchange forI-70,US 119, and the southern terminus of PA 66 (Amos K. Hutchinson Bypass). The road returns to four lanes there, and I-70 is concurrent with I-76. After New Stanton it passes over theSouthwest Pennsylvania Railroad's Radebaugh Subdivision line and winds southeast, gaining a third eastbound lane, and comes to the exit forPA 31 inDonegal, which accessesPA 711.^[18][19] East of Donegal, the turnpike crosses theLaurel Hill cut, and soon after entersSomerset County, where it gains a third westbound lane.^[19][20]

It continues southeast toSomerset and an interchange withPA 601 accessingUS 219 andJohnstown, where it narrows to four lanes, before crossing CSX'sS&C Subdivision rail line. East of Somerset, the highway passes north of theSomerset Wind Farm and briefly has a third westbound lane before reachingAllegheny Mountain^[18][19] and itstunnel.^[11][18][19] The turnpike then winds down the mountain at a three-percent grade (its steepest), with a third westbound lane. After descending the mountain, the westbound direction narrows to two lanes^[19][22][23] and heads intoBedford County through a valley.^[20] InBedford, an exit forUS 220 Business (US 220 Bus.) accessesUS 220, the southern terminus ofI-99, andAltoona.^[18][19]

It passes throughthe Narrows, a 650-foot-wide (200 m) gap inEvitts Mountain east of Bedford, with US 30 and theRaystown Branch Juniata River.^[19][22] The turnpike winds through a valley south of the river before traversing Clear Ridge Cut nearEverett.^[18][19][24] InBreezewood, I-70 leaves the turnpike at an interchange with US 30 with some of the onlytraffic lights on an interstate highway.^[18][19]

The turnpike then heads northeast acrossRays Hill intoFulton County, with a third eastbound lane while ascending the hill.^[19][20] The road continues east acrossSideling Hill, with a third westbound lane, before narrowing to two westbound lanes and coming to an interchange withUS 522 inFort Littleton and paralleling US 522 before curving east intoHuntingdon County.^[19][20] It goes underTuscarora Mountain through atunnel intoFranklin County,^[11][19][20] curving northeast into a valley to thePA 75 exit inWillow Hill.^[18][19]

The road then passes under Kittatinny Mountain through theKittatinny Mountain Tunnel before entering thetunnel underBlue Mountain.^[11][18][19] The turnpike heads northeast along the base of Blue Mountain to an exit forPA 997, where it becomes six lanes wide,^[18][19] and entersCumberland County, heading east through theCumberland Valley on a stretch known as "the straightaway".^[19][20][25] It then reachesCarlisle and an interchange withUS 11, accessingI-81. At this point, the highway narrows to four lanes.^[18][19]

The turnpike heads east through a mixture of rural land and suburban development approaching Harrisburg, passing over Norfolk Southern's Shippensburg Secondary rail line. InUpper Allen Township, theUS 15 interchange accessesGettysburg on the south and Harrisburg on the north. The road passes over Norfolk Southern'sLurgan Branch rail line before enteringYork County and the interchange withI-83 serving Harrisburg, its western suburbs, andYork on the south.^[18][19][20]

East of I-83, the turnpike widens to six lanes and crosses over Norfolk Southern'sPort Road Branch rail line, theSusquehanna River,Amtrak'sKeystone Corridor rail line, and Norfolk Southern's Royalton Branch rail line on theSusquehanna River Bridge. InDauphin County, the road is a bypass south of Harrisburg.^[19][20][26]

An interchange with the southern end ofI-283 and the western end ofPA 283 serves Harrisburg's eastern suburbs inLower Swatara Township andHarrisburg International Airport; PTC headquarters are adjacent to the interchange. The road returns to four lanes through suburban development north ofMiddletown, passing over theMiddletown and Hummelstown Railroad andSwatara Creek into rural areas.^[18][19] and crossing a corner ofLebanon County before enteringLancaster County.^[20]

The highway passes throughPennsylvania Dutch Country^[27] to an interchange withPA 72, accessingLebanon on the north andLancaster on the south. It passes over anEast Penn Railroad line inDenver before an indirect interchange withUS 222, which servesReading and Lancaster. The route continues intoBerks County to an interchange with the southern terminus ofI-176 (a freeway to Reading) andPA 10 inMorgantown which accessesPA 23.^[18][19][20]

The turnpike entersChester County, running southeast^[18][19][20] to an exit forPA 100 north ofDowningtown and the western suburbs of Philadelphia; an interchange withPA 29 is nearMalvern.^[18][19] The turnpike continues east to the eastbound Valley Forge Service Plaza, then widens to six lanes before enteringMontgomery County. The turnpike crosses overUS 422 before reaching theValley Forge Interchange inKing of Prussia, where I-76 splits from the turnpike and heads southeast as the Schuylkill Expressway toward Philadelphia; this interchange also accessesUS 202 and US 422.^[18][19][20]

Interstate 276
Location	Upper Merion Township–Bristol Township
Length	29.78 mi[28] (47.93 km)
Existed	1964–present

At the Valley Forge Interchange, the turnpike is designated I-276 and becomes a suburban commuter highway.^[18][19][29] It crosses a bridge overSEPTA'sNorristown High Speed Line and runs parallel to Norfolk Southern'sDale Secondary rail line, south of the road. The turnpike crosses Norfolk Southern'sHarrisburg Line, theSchuylkill River, and SEPTA'sManayunk/Norristown Line on theSchuylkill River Bridge nearNorristown. The road crosses theSchuylkill River Trail and Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Connecting Track on the Schuylkill River Bridge before the parallel Dale Secondary rail line runs south.^[11][18][19]

InPlymouth Meeting, an interchange withGermantown Pike accesses Norristown before the Mid-County Interchange. This interchange connects toI-476, which runs south as the Mid-County Expressway (locally known as the Blue Route) and north as theNortheast Extension connecting the mainline to theLehigh Valley and thePocono Mountains.^[18][19]

After the Mid-County Interchange, the mainline runs east through Philadelphia's northern suburbs. InFort Washington, it passes over SEPTA'sLansdale/Doylestown Line before an interchange withPA 309. The road then parallels Norfolk Southern'sMorrisville Line, a short distance south. One mile (1.6 km) later is a westbound exit and entrance for Virginia Drive. InWillow Grove, it reaches thePA 611 exit before crossing SEPTA'sWarminster Line.^[18][19] The turnpike continues through suburban areas, entering Bucks County and a bridge over Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Line^[19][20] before crossing SEPTA'sWest Trenton Line. InBensalem Township is a bridge over CSX'sTrenton Subdivision rail line before an interchange withUS 1, which accesses Philadelphia.^[18][19]

The highway returns to four lanes before an eastbound exit and entrance forPA 132. It then reaches the east end of the closed toll system at theNeshaminy Falls toll gantry. The road reaches a partial interchange withI-95, where it crosses underI-295; I-295 access is from the westbound turnpike to southbound I-95 and from northbound I-95 to the eastbound turnpike. At this point, I-276 ends and the turnpike becomes part of I-95; signage indicates the westbound turnpike as a left exit from southbound I-95, using I-95 milepost exit number 40.^[18][19]

After joining I-95, the remaining three miles (4.8 km) of road uses I-95's mileposts and exit numbers and is not signed as the Pennsylvania Turnpike (although it is still considered part of the mainline). The turnpike reaches its final interchange, accessingUS 13 nearBristol. The road crosses an East Penn Railroad line before the westbound all-electronic Delaware River Bridge toll gantry.^[18][19] It crosses theDelaware Canal and Amtrak'sNortheast Corridor rail line before crossing theDelaware River into New Jersey on theDelaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge.^[11][18][19] The Pennsylvania Turnpike ends and I-95 continues east (north) as thePearl Harbor Memorial Extension of theNew Jersey Turnpike, which connects to the mainline New Jersey Turnpike.^[18][19][30]

The turnpike has several major bridges and tunnels. Four tunnels cross central Pennsylvania's Appalachian Mountains. The 6,070-foot (1,850 m)Allegheny Mountain Tunnel passes under Allegheny Mountain in Somerset County. TheTuscarora Mountain Tunnel runs beneath Tuscarora Mountain at the border of Huntingdon and Franklin counties, and is 5,236 feet (1,596 m) long. TheKittatinny Mountain andBlue Mountain tunnels are adjacent to each other in Franklin County and are 4,727 feet (1,441 m) and 4,339 feet (1,323 m) long, respectively.^[11][18] The turnpike had also traveled through theLaurel Hill Tunnel,Sideling Hill Tunnel, andRays Hill Tunnel; they were replaced during the 1960s as they were obsolete.

Five bridges carry the turnpike over major rivers. The 1,545-foot-long (471 m)Beaver River Bridge, which is being replaced, crosses the Beaver River in Beaver County.^[11][18] The highway crosses the Allegheny River in Allegheny County on the 2,350-foot-long (720 m)Allegheny River Turnpike Bridge, which replaced a 1951 decktruss bridge with the same name.^[18][21] It crosses the Susquehanna River between York and Dauphin Counties on the 5,910-foot-long (1,800 m)Susquehanna River Bridge, which also replaced an early-1950s deck truss bridge.^[18][26] The turnpike crosses the Schuylkill River on the 1,224-foot-long (373 m)Schuylkill River Bridge in Montgomery County, which was twinned in the 2000s. At the New Jersey state line in Bucks County, the highway is connected to the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike by the 6,571-foot-long (2,003 m)Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge over the Delaware River.^[11][18]

The turnpike usesall-electronic tolling, withtoll by plate (which usesautomatic license-plate recognition and mails a bill to the vehicle owner) orE-ZPass. Between the mainline Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls toll barriers, tolls are based on distance traveled.^[31] An eastbound mainline toll gantry is at Gateway (near the Ohio state line), and a westbound mainline toll gantry is at the Delaware River Bridge near the New Jersey state line; both charging a flat toll.^[31][32] No toll is collected for journeys between the New Castle and Cranberry Interchanges and between Neshaminy Falls and the Delaware River Bridge.^[31]

As of 2025^[update], it costs $104.78 for a passenger vehicle to travel the length of the mainline turnpike between Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls using toll by plate and $52.39 using E-ZPass; the eastbound Gateway toll gantry charges $15.96 with toll by plate and $7.88 with E-ZPass for passenger vehicles, and the westbound Delaware River Bridge toll gantry charges $10.19 for toll by plate and $7.67 for E-ZPass.^[31] The turnpike has raised tolls each January 1 since 2009 to fund mandated Act 44 annual payments to thePennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT).^[33]

Until March 2020, the turnpike used aticket system between Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls.^[34] Motorists received a ticket listing the toll for each exit; the ticket was surrendered when exiting, and the applicable toll was paid. If the ticket was lost, motorists were charged the maximum toll for that exit.^[35] Cash, credit cards, and E-ZPass were accepted at toll plazas.^[34]

In 2010,McCormick Taylor andWilbur Smith Associates were hired to conduct a feasibility study on converting the road to electronic tolls.^[36] On March 6, 2012, the turnpike commission announced that it was implementing the plan.^[37] The turnpike commission projected that it would save $65 million annually in labor costs by eliminating toll collectors.^[38] On January 3, 2016, electronic tolling was introduced at the westbound Delaware River Bridge mainline toll plaza, and the eastern terminus of the ticket system was moved from the Delaware River Bridge to Neshaminy Falls.^[39] On October 27, 2019, electronic tolling was implemented at the eastbound Gateway mainline toll plaza.^[40] Electronic tolling was originally scheduled to be implemented on the entire length of the turnpike in late 2021.^[41]

By 2020, about 86 percent of turnpike vehicles already used E-ZPass for payment of tolls.^[42] In March 2020, the switch to electronic tolling was made early as a result of theCOVID-19 pandemic.^[43] The electronic tolling system used toll booths at exits until tollgantries between interchanges were built.^[41][44] The first toll gantries on the Northeast Extension and on the mainline east of the Reading Interchange began operation in January 2025, and the remainder of the toll gantries along the western portion of the turnpike are expected to begin operation by late 2026.^[45][46] After all toll gantries are fully operating, the PTC plans to demolish all toll plazas.

Under a 2007 law, Act 44, the Turnpike has been mandated to provide $450 million, a sizable share of its revenue, annually to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the Department of Transportation for transit and other purposes.^[47] The PTC, which previously had raised tolls only six times in 64 years,^[33] began to increase tolls every January 1. Its debt increased to be about equal to the entire General Obligation debt of the state.^[33] Under Act 89 of 2013, the $450 million payments were to be reduced to $50 million in 2022. But the Turnpike still must work off the debt, all of which is in 30-year bonds, and so annual toll increases will continue for many years.^[47]

An analysis by Australian insurance companyBudget Direct found the Pennsylvania Turnpike the world's most expensive toll road.^[48][49] Turnpike spokesperson Carl DeFebo disputed Budget Direct's claim, saying that the analysis looked at all of the turnpike's toll roads together; "Nobody would ever go south towards Pittsburgh, east towards Philadelphia, then north towards Scranton. That's a 400-plus mile trip", and turnpike tolls are comparable to other toll roads on a per-mile basis.^[49]

Motorists needing assistance can dial *11 on mobile phones. First-responder service is available to all turnpike users via theGEICO Safety Patrol program. The free program checks for disabled motorists, debris and accidents along the road, and provides assistance 24 hours daily year-round. Each patrol vehicle covers a 20-to-25-mile (32 to 40 km) stretch of the turnpike.^[50][51] Towing service is available from authorized service stations near the highway,^[52] andPennsylvania State Police Troop T patrols the turnpike. The troop's headquarters is inHighspire, and its turnpike substations are grouped into two sections. The western section has substations inGibsonia, New Stanton, Somerset and Everett; the eastern section has mainline substations inNewville,Bowmansville and King of Prussia.^[53] The PTC broadcasts AM road, traffic, and weather conditions fromhighway advisory radio transmitters at each exit on 1640 kHz, with a range of approximately two miles (3.2 km).^[54] The511PA travel-information service provides alerts, an interactive map, weather information andtraffic cameras to motorists, andvariable-message signs located along the roadway provide information such as accidents, construction, weather, and traffic congestion.^[55]

The turnpike currently has 15 high capacityservice plazas, though at one point had over 20 lower capacity plazas. Each plaza has severalfast-food restaurants, aSunoco gas station, and a7-Eleven convenience store. Other amenities include ATMs, E-ZPass sales, free cellphone charging,Pennsylvania Lottery sales, picnic areas, restrooms, tourist information, Travel Board information centers, and Wi-Fi. The King of Prussia plaza has awelcome center, and the New Stanton and Sideling Hill plazas have seasonalfarmers' markets. Several plazas offerE85 fuel, and New Stanton offerscompressed natural gas; all have conventionalgasoline anddiesel fuel. Some plazas haveelectric vehicle charging stations. The Sunoco and 7-Eleven locations and theSubway at North Midway are operated by 7-Eleven, and the remaining restaurants and general upkeep are operated byApplegreen.^[56]

By 1946, a number of service plazas were expanded in order to accommodate booming popularity.^[57]

With the opening of the extensions between 1950 and 1954, new service plazas came as well.^[57] On them, the service plazas were less frequent, larger, and further from the road.^[58]Gulf Oil operated service stations on the extensions, andHoward Johnson's provided food service in sit-down restaurants.^[59][60]

In 1955, the North and South Somerset Service Plazas were both opened, replacing the eastbound only New Baltimore Plaza.^[61]

In 1957, the westbound New Stanton service plaza was built, and the Laurel Hill Plaza, located to the west of the western end of the Laurel Hill Tunnel, was closed.^{[citation needed]}

In 1968, the Sideling Hill Plaza opened with theSideling Hill/Rays Hill bypass. It is the only service plaza on the mainline turnpike to serve both eastbound and westbound traffic, and replaced the westbound only Cove Valley Plaza, which was demolished due to being located on the section of turnpike being bypassed.^[62]

In preparation of theUnited States Bicentennial, construction was completed in 1976 of a 320 space parking lot at the eastbound only Valley Forge plaza.^[63]

The Pleasant Valley plaza was closed in January 1979, while the Denver and Mechanicsburg plazas closed in 1980.All three were auctioned in October 1981,^[64] having been experiencing diminishing profits. This left only the Oakmont Plum, Butler, and Zelienople service plazas in western Pennsylvania.^{[65][failed verification]}

In 1978, as Howard Johnson's exclusive contract to provide food service was ending, the turnpike commission entertained bids;^[66]Aramark was awarded a food-service contract at two plazas.^[67] The turnpike was the first toll road in the U.S. to have more than one fast-food chain at its service plazas.^[68] Gas stations were operated by Gulf Oil,Exxon, andARCO.^[67] In 1980,Hardee's opened restaurants at the service plazas to compete with Howard Johnson's.^[69] The turnpike was the world's first road to offer fast food at its service plazas.^[70]Burger King andMcDonald's restaurants opened on the turnpike in June 1983,^[68] this was part of a deal that saw the eastbound Path Valley plaza closed, it had seen a gradual loss of revenue since the Sideling Hill plazas opening in 1968. With this, fast food was implemented at the Hempfield Plaza.^[71] This reflected increased demands for fast food.^[70]Marriott Corporation purchased the remaining Howard Johnson's restaurants in 1987, and restaurants such asRoy Rogers andBob's Big Boy opened.^[72]

In April 1990,Gulf Oil LP replaced the turnpike's Exxon stations.^[73]

The Brandywine (later Peter J. Camiel) plaza was systematically demolished and rebuilt from September 1990 to May 1991. This was necessary as it was the busiest service plaza on the entire mainline, and as such, increased use of it over time had rendered it obsolete.^[74]

Sunoco took over gas-station operations in 1993, outbiddingShell US;^[75] credit card-activated pumps, fax machines, ATMs, and informational lodging boards were added.^[57] Two years later, a farmers market began at the Sideling Hill plaza.^[76]

In March 2002, the Butler plaza was closed so it could be replaced by the Warrendale Toll Plaza.^[77] Two years later, the Somerset Service Plaza was expanded.^[57]

The eastbound-only Hempfield and South Neshaminy plazas were closed in 2007 for a six-lane widening and newslip ramp, respectively.^[78][79]

The eastbound Zelienople plaza closed in 2008 due to being a money loser since the portion between the Gateway Toll Plaza and Warrendale became free in 2003. Some criticized this as a potential tourism reducer.^[80]

The North Neshaminy plaza closed in 2010 so its parking lot could be used for construction equipment needed for a planned total reconstruction in the area.^{[citation needed]} Free Wi-Fi was introduced at all service plazas in 2013.^[57]

By the mid 2000s, the service plazas, most having been built in the 1950s and some in the 1940s, were functionally obsolete. Because of this, in 2006, the PTC andHMSHost began a system-wide project to reconstruct or renovate all service plazas. The Oakmont Plum plaza was first (closing in 2006 and reopening the following year), and was followed by the reconstruction of the North Somerset and Sideling Hill plazas (2007–2008); New Stanton (2008–2009); King of Prussia (2009–2010); Lawn and Bowmansville (2010–2011); South Somerset, Blue Mountain, and Cumberland Valley (2011–2012); South Midway and Highspire (2012–2013); Peter J. Camiel (2013–2014); and Valley Forge and North Midway (2014–2015).^[81]

The Art Sparks program began in 2017 as a partnership between the turnpike commission and thePennsylvania Council on the Arts to installpublic art created by local students in the Arts in Education residency program in service plazas along the turnpike over the next five years. The art consists of amural reflecting a plaza's location. The first Art Sparks mural was unveiled at the Lawn service plaza in May of that year.^[82][83]

Beginning in April 2019,Sunoco/A-Plus locations began conversion to 7-Elevens as part of an agreement for 7-Eleven to take over Sunoco's company-owned convenience stores on theEast Coast and inTexas; Sunoco continues to supply fuel.^[84][85]

Native Americans used east-west paths that usually traced river valleys and crossed the ridges of the Allegheny Mountains at their lowest peaks.^[86] European settlers followed wagon roads that often followed the same paths.^[87] ThePhiladelphia and Lancaster Turnpike opened between Lancaster and Philadelphia in 1794, the first successful turnpike in the United States. The road waspaved with logs laid crosswise to the direction of travel, giving a bumpy ride but an improvement on dirt trails.^[86] In 1834, theMain Line of Public Works opened as a system of canals, railroads, andcable railways across Pennsylvania to compete with theErie Canal inNew York.^[88]

ThePennsylvania Railroad was completed between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia in 1854.^[89] During the 1880s, the South Pennsylvania Railroad was proposed to compete with the Pennsylvania. It was backed byWilliam Henry Vanderbilt, head of theNew York Central Railroad (the Pennsylvania's chief rival).Andrew Carnegie also provided financial support, since he was unhappy with the Pennsylvania Railroad rates.^[90] Construction began on the rival line in 1883, but stopped when the railroads reached an agreement two years later.^[91][92] After construction halted, the only vestiges of the South Pennsylvania were nine tunnels, some roadbed, and piers for a bridge over theSusquehanna River in Harrisburg.^[92]

To cross the Pennsylvania mountains by automobile, William Sutherland of the Pennsylvania Motor Truck Association and Victor Lecoq of the Pennsylvania State Planning Commission proposed a toll highway in 1934.^[93][94] The highway would be a four-lane, limited-access road modeled on the GermanAutobahn andConnecticut'sMerritt Parkway.^[91][95][96] The turnpike could also be a defense road,^[97] and construction costs could be reduced by using the abandoned South Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels.^[93]

Sutherland and Lecoq introduced their turnpike idea to state legislator Cliff Patterson, who proposed a feasibility study on April 23, 1935. The proposal passed, and theWorks Progress Administration (WPA) explored the possibility of building the road. Its study estimated a construction cost of $60 to $70 million (equivalent to between $1.08 billion and $1.26 billion in 2024^[98]). Patterson introduced Bill 211 to the legislature, calling for the establishment of the PTC. The bill was signed into law by GovernorGeorge Howard Earle III on May 21, 1937,^[93] and the first commissioners were appointed on June 4.^[99] The highway was planned to run from US 30 in Irwin (east of Pittsburgh) east to US 11 inMiddlesex (west of Harrisburg), a length of about 162 miles (261 km). It would pass through nine tunnels along the way.^[100]

The road was planned to have four lanes and amedian, with no grade steeper than three percent. Access to the highway would be controlled by entrance and exit ramps.^[100] There were to be no at-grade intersections, driveways, traffic lights, crosswalks, or at-grade railroad crossings.^[101] Curves were to be wide, and road signage large. The turnpike'sright of way was to be 200 feet (61 m), and theroadway was to be 24 feet (7.3 m) wide in each direction, with 10-foot (3.0 m) shoulders and a 10-foot (3.0 m) median. It was planned to have two lanes through the tunnels, a 14-foot (4.3 m) clearance, and a 23-foot-wide (7.0 m) roadway.^[100] The turnpike's design would be uniform.^[101]

In February 1938, the commission began investigating proposals for $55 million in bonds to be issued for construction of the turnpike.^[102] A month later, Van Ingen and Company purchased $60 million (equivalent to $1.05 billion in 2024^[98]) in bonds which they offered to the public.^[103] In April 1938, PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt approved a $24-million (equivalent to $418 million in 2024^[98]) grant from theWorks Progress Administration (WPA) for the construction of the road, and the commonwealth contributed $29 million (equivalent to $505 million in 2024^[98]) toward the project.^[104]

The WPA grant received final approval,^[105] but plans were still made to sell bonds, and the first issue was planned for about $20 million (equivalent to $349 million in 2024^[98]). The reduced bond issue was due to the WPA grant.^[106]

In June, theReconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) announced that it would lend the commission sufficient funds to build the road.^[107] The RFC loan totaled $32 million (equivalent to $558 million in 2024^[98]), with a $26 million (equivalent to $453 million in 2024^[98]) grant from thePublic Works Administration (PWA); this provided $58 million (equivalent to $1.01 billion in 2024^[98]) for the turnpike's construction, and highway tolls would repay the RFC.^[108]

In October 1938, the turnpike commission agreed with the RFC and PWA that the RFC would purchase $35 million (equivalent to $610 million in 2024^[98]) in bonds in addition to the PWA grant.^[109] That month, a banking syndicate purchased the bond amount from the RFC.^[110] The previous month, a proposal was rejected that would have built a railroad from Pittsburgh to Harrisburg along the former South Pennsylvania Railroad right of way which had been designated for the turnpike.^[111]

In 1940, the highway opened between Irwin and Carlisle, being the first long-distancecontrolled-access highway in the United States.^[112] Other states implemented toll roads in the years afterWorld War II.^[113] After the passage of theFederal Aid Highway Act of 1956, new highways were often built as part of the Interstate Highway System rather than as toll roads.^[114] The highway was extended east to Valley Forge in 1950, and west to the Ohio state line the following year.^[115][116] It was routed east to the New Jersey state line (the Delaware River) in 1954; the Delaware River Bridge opened two years later, completing the turnpike.^[117][3]

To build the turnpike, boring of the former railroad tunnels had to be completed. Since theAllegheny Mountain Tunnel bore was in poor condition, a new bore was drilled 85 feet (26 m) south of it.^[118] The commission considered bypassing theRays Hill andSideling Hill tunnels, but the cost of a bypass was considered too high.^[119] Crews used steam shovels to widen the tunnel portals,^[118] and temporary railroad tracks transported construction equipment.^[120]Concrete was used to line the tunnel portals.^[121] The seven tunnels - which included theLaurel Hill,Tuscarora Mountain,Kittatinny Mountain, andBlue Mountain - featured ventilation ducts, drainage structures, sidewalks, lighting, and telephone and signal systems.^[122] Lighting was installed on the roadway approaching the tunnel portals.^[123]

The tunnels bored through seven mountains, for a combined 4.5 miles (7.2 km) in length, and earned the turnpike the nickname the "tunnel highway".^[124]

A number of bridge designs were used to cross the highway, including theconcrete arch bridge, thethrough plate girder bridge, and theconcrete T-beam bridge.^{[125][126][127]} Bridges used to carry the turnpike over other roads and streams included a concrete arch viaduct in New Stanton;^[128] at 600 feet (180 m), it was the longest bridge on the original section of the turnpike.^[129] Other turnpike bridges includedplate girder bridges, such as the bridge over Dunnings Creek in the Bedford Narrows. Smaller concrete T-beam bridges were also built.^[130][131] A total of 307 bridges were built along the original section of the turnpike.^[129]

Eleven interchanges were built, most of which weretrumpet interchanges where all ramps merge at the toll booths.^[132][133] The New Stanton, Carlisle, and Middlesex interchanges did not follow this design, but only the New Stanton Interchange was intended to be permanent.^[132] Lighting was installed approaching interchanges, along with acceleration and deceleration lanes.^[123] The road had guardrails consisting of steel panels attached to I-beams.^[134] Large exit signs were used, and road signs hadcat's-eye reflectors to increase visibility at night.^[134][135] Billboards were prohibited.^[136] In September 1940, the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission ruled that trucks and buses could use the highway.^[137]

Since the turnpike's first section was built through a rural part of the state, food and gasoline were not readily available to motorists. Because of this, the commission decided to provide service plazas at 30-mile (48 km) intervals. The plazas would be made of native fieldstone, resemblingColonial-era architecture.^[61][138] In 1940, Standard Oil of Pennsylvania received a contract for 10Esso service stations along the turnpike.^[139] Eight of the service plazas would consist of service stations and a restaurant, and the plazas at the halfway point (in Bedford) would be larger.^[138][139] The South Midway service plaza (the largest) contained a dining room, lunch counter, lounge, and lodging for truckers; a tunnel connected it to the smaller North Midway plaza.^[138][140] The remaining service plazas were smaller, with a lunch counter. Food service at the plazas was provided byHoward Johnson's. After World War II, the food facilities were enlarged;^[140] service stations sold gasoline, repaired cars, and provided towing.^[141]

Before the first-section groundbreaking, in 1937, the turnpike commission sent workers to assess the former railroad tunnels; in September of that year, a contract was awarded to drain water from them.^[142] After this, workers cleared rock slides and vegetation from the tunnel portals before evaluating the nine tunnels' condition.^[143][144] It was decided that six of the nine former South Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels could be used for the roadway. The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel was in too-poor condition for use. Because of this, an entirely new tunnel was bored nearby. However of these nine, it would be more expensive to complete theQuemahoning andNegro Mountain tunnels in comparison to simply building rock cuts to bypass them. As such, they were bypassed in original construction.^[144] The Quemahoning Tunnel had been completed and used by thePittsburgh, Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad.^[145]

The turnpike'sgroundbreaking ceremony was on October 27, 1938, near Carlisle, with commission chair Walter A. Jones thrusting the first shovel into the earth.^[146] Construction was on a tight schedule because completion of the road was originally planned by May 1, 1940. After the groundbreaking, contracts for finishing the former South Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels, grading the turnpike's right of way, constructing bridges, and paving were issued.^[23] By July 1939, the entire length of the turnpike was under contract.^[101]

The first work to begin on the road was grading its right of way, which involved a great deal of earthwork due to the mountainous terrain.^[146] The turnpike required the acquisition of homes, farms, and a coal mine byeminent domain.^[101] A tunnel was originally planned across Clear Ridge near Everett, but the turnpike commission decided to build a cut into the ridge.^[24] Building the cut involved bulldozers excavating the mountain and explosives blasting the rock.^[147] Concrete culverts were built to carry streams and roads under the highway in the valley floor.^[148] The Clear Ridge cut was 153 feet (47 m) deep (the deepest highway cut in the United States at the time), and was known as "Little Panama" after thePanama Canal.^[149] West of Clear Ridge, cuts and fills were built for the turnpike to pass along the southern edge ofEarlston.^[150]

Considerable work was also involved in building the road up the three-percent grade at the east end of Allegheny Mountain, the turnpike's steepest grade.^[151] The base of Evitts Mountain was blasted to carry the turnpike across Bedford Narrows with US 30, the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River, and a Pennsylvania Railroad branch line.^[22] In New Baltimore, the turnpike commission had to purchase land from St. John's Church (which contained a cemetery); as part of the agreement, stairs were built on either side of the turnpike for access to the church.^[152]

West portal ofBlue Mountain Tunnel, viewed fromKittatinny Mountain Tunnel; left photo from 1942; right photo from 2017

Paving began on August 31, 1939.^[101] The road would have a concrete surface, poured directly onto the earth with no gravel roadbed.^[153] Concrete batch plants were set up along the road to aid paving.^[154] Interchange ramps were paved withasphalt.^[131] The paving led to a delay in the projected opening of the highway; by October 1939, the completion date was postponed from May 1 to June 29, 1940 because paving could not be done in winter. The commission rushed the paving, attempting to increase the distance paved from one to five miles (1.6 to 8.0 km) a day.^[122]

Completion was postponed until July 4, and again until late summer when rain delayed paving operations.^[6] On August 26, 1940, a preview of the highway was organized by commission chair Jones. It began the previous night with a banquet atThe Hotel Hershey and proceeded west along the turnpike, stopping at the Clear Ridge cut before lunch at the Midway service plaza. The preview ended with dinner and entertainment at Pittsburgh'sDuquesne Club.^[155][156] That month, a military motorcade traveled portions of the turnpike.^[157]

Paving concluded by the end of the summer, and on September 30 the turnpike commission announced that the road would open the following day.^{[23][155][158]} Because of the short notice, no ribbon-cutting ceremony was held.^[158]

The roadway took 770,000 short tons (700 kt) of sand, 1,200,000 short tons (1,100 kt) of stone, 50,000 short tons (45 kt) of steel, and more than 300,000 short tons (270 kt) of cement to complete.^[124] It was built at a cost of $370,000 per mile ($230,000/km) (equivalent to $6.47 million per mile ($2.5 million/km) in 2024^[98]).^[159] Eighteen thousand people worked on the turnpike, and 19 died during construction.^[160]

When the highway was under construction, its proposed toll was $1.50 (equivalent to $26.00 in 2024^[98]) for a one-way car trip; a round trip would cost $2.00 (equivalent to $35.00 in 2024^[98]). Trucks would pay $10.00 (equivalent to $176.00 in 2024^[98]) one way. Tolls would vary for motorists who did not travel the length of the turnpike.^[122] When it opened in 1940, automobile tolls were set at $1.50 (equivalent to $26.00 in 2024^[98]) one way and $2.25 (equivalent to $39.00 in 2024^[98]) round trip. The tolls were to be used to pay offbonds to build the road and were to be removed when the bonds were paid.^[123] However, tolls continue to be charged to finance improvements to the turnpike system.^[161] The toll rate was about $0.01 per mile ($0.0062/km) (equivalent to $0.17 per mile ($0.11/km) in 2024^[98]) when the turnpike opened. The ticket system was used to pay for tolls.^[162] This toll rate remained the same for the turnpike's first 29 years; other toll roads (such as theNew York State Thruway and the Ohio,Connecticut, andMassachusetts turnpikes) had a higher rate.^[163][164]

The turnpike opened at midnight on October 1, 1940, between Irwin and Carlisle; the day before the opening, motorists lined up at the Irwin and Carlisle interchanges.^[112] Homer D. Romberger, a feed and tallow driver from Carlisle, was the first motorist to enter the turnpike at Carlisle; Carl A. Boe ofMcKeesport was the first motorist to enter at Irwin.^[165] Boe was flagged down by Frank Lorey and Dick Gangle, the turnpike's first hitchhikers.^[166] On October 6 (the first Sunday after the turnpike's opening), traffic was congested at toll plazas, tunnels, and service plazas.^[167]

During its first 15 days of operation, the road had over 150,000 vehicles.^[168] By the end of its first year it earned $3 million (equivalent to $52.4 million in 2024^[98]) in revenue from five million motorists, exceeding the $2.67 million (equivalent to $46.7 million in 2024^[98]) needed for operation and bond payments.^[169][170] With the onset ofWorld War II, revenue declined due to tire and gas rationing;^[171] after the war, traffic increased.^[172]

The turnpike was the first long-distance, limited-access road in the United States.^[173] A direct link between themid-Atlantic andmidwestern states, it reduced travel time between Pittsburgh and Harrisburg by hours; for example, Greyhound buses had taken nearly nine hours, but now took just5+1⁄4, including a rest stop.^[123][174] Nicknamed "dream highway" and "the World's Greatest Highway" by the turnpike commission,^[1][162] it was also known as "the Granddaddy of the Pikes".^[175] Postcards and other souvenirs promoted the original stretch's seven tunnels through the Appalachians.^[176]

The highway was considered a yardstick against which limited-access highway construction would be measured.^[177] Commission chair Jones called for more limited-access roads to be built across the country for defense purposes,^[169] and the turnpike was a model for a proposed national network of highways planned during World War II.^[178] The turnpike led to the construction of other toll roads, such as the New Jersey Turnpike and (eventually) the Interstate Highway System,^[173] and has been designated aNational Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by theAmerican Society of Civil Engineers.^[179]

70-mph speed limit on the turnpike

1942

2014

The turnpike had no speed limit at all when it opened.^[180] The only exception was at the tunnels, where it reduced to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h). However, these were poorly enforced, some cars traveled as fast as 90 mph (140 km/h).^[162] In April 1941, speed limit was raised from 50 to 70 mph (80 to 113 km/h) for cars and 50 to 65 mph (80 to 105 km/h) for trucks.^[181]

Beginning in December 1941, the turnpike adopted the national speed limit of 35 mph (56 km/h) for all vehicles;^[1] in 1945, the limit returned to 70 mph (110 km/h).^[182]

Before the first section opened, the commission considered extending east to Philadelphia for defense purposes. The state legislature passed a 1939 bill allowing for an extension to Philadelphia, which was signed into law by GovernorArthur James as Act 11 in 1940.^[96][183] The extension was estimated to cost between $50 and $60 million in 1941 (equivalent to between $820 million and $984 million in 2024^[98]).^[183] In June 1948, funding for the extension was put in place.^[184] The turnpike commission offered $134 million (equivalent to $1.39 billion in 2024^[98]) in bonds to pay for the extension that July, which had its estimations revised to $87 million.^[185] The Philadelphia extension would run from Carlisle east to US 202 in King of Prussia,^[115][186] connecting to the Schuylkill Expressway, a state-maintained freeway which would continue toCenter City Philadelphia.^[187] Groundbreaking for the Philadelphia extension took place on September 28, 1948, in York County. GovernorJames H. Duff and commission chair Thomas J. Evans attended the ceremony.^[188] In 1941, Governor James suggested building an extension to the Ohio border.^[183] That June, Act 54 was signed into law to build the extension.^[189] The turnpike commission began looking into funding for this road in 1949, which would run from the Irwin Interchange to the Ohio state line nearYoungstown and bypass Pittsburgh.^[190] That September, $77 million (equivalent to $802 million in 2024^[98]) in bonds were sold to finance construction of the western extension.^[191] Groundbreaking for the Western extension took place on October 24, 1949^[192] at the Brush Creek viaduct in Irwin, with Governor Duff in attendance.^[193] These extensions would useair-entrained concrete poured on stone, an improvement that motorists did not see.^[115][194] Transverse joints on the pavement were spaced at 46-foot (14 m) intervals, 31-foot (9.4 m) less than the 77-foot (23 m) intervals on the original portion.^[115] Because it crossed less-mountainous terrain, the extension required less earthwork.^[195] Large bridges were built, including those crossing the Susquehanna River andSwatara Creek.^[196][197] The Susquehanna River Bridge was built with a four-foot-raised (1.2 m) concrete median and no shoulders.^[196] This extension of the turnpike would use the same style of overpasses as the original section, excluding the steel deck bridge; an entirely new design.^[58] Like the Philadelphia extension, the western extension required the building of long bridges which included those crossing theBeaver and Allegheny Rivers.^[198] Overpasses were steel- and through-plategirder bridges.^[199] Concrete arch bridges were not used for overpasses, although they carried the turnpike over other roads.^[200] thirteen interchanges were built alongside the extensions, as well as the Gateway Toll Plaza and Valley Forge Toll Plaza, which served as the new eastern and western termini of the ticket system.^{[citation needed]} The Carlisle interchange was also closed, and the Middlesex Interchange with US 11 was realigned and renamed the Carlisle interchange, The Irwin Interchange was also converted into the Irwin Toll Plaza.^[195] On February 1, 1950, this, alongside the portion of road to the Gettysburg Pike Interchange, was opened.^[57] The extension's completion was delayed by weather and a cement workers' strike; it was scheduled for October 1, 1950, the 10th anniversary of the opening of the first section.^[201] On October 23, the Philadelphia extension was previewed in a ceremony by Governor Duff.^[202] On November 13, the new Carlisle Interchange was opened as planned. However, drivers were barred from passing east of the new interchange.^[203] The rest of the Philadelphia extension opened to traffic on November 20; the governor and chair Evans cut the ribbon at the Valley Forge mainline toll plaza west of King of Prussia.^[115][204] Similarly to the Carlisle Interchange, the Irwin Toll Plaza was replaced by the Irwin Interchange, however, as the new alignment passed to the east of the Irwin Toll Plaza, the original toll plaza was retained.^[57] On August 7, 1951, the section between the Irwin Interchange and Pittsburgh Interchange opened;^[113] Ohio GovernorFrank Lausche led a dedication ceremony on November 26 of that year.^[205] The extension opened to the Gateway toll plaza, near the Ohio state line, on December 26, 1951.^[116][206] The highway ended in a cornfield, and traffic followed a temporary ramp onto rural local roads until the connecting Ohio Turnpike was built.^[116][205] The Beaver Valley Interchange opened on March 1, 1952.^[57] The speed limit between the Ohio state line and Breezewood was lowered to 60 mph (97 km/h) in January 1953 to reduce the number of accidents, but returned to 70 mph (110 km/h) when the measure was ineffective.^[207][208] On December 1, 1954, the Ohio Turnpike opened and the Pennsylvania Turnpike was extended to the Ohio state line.^[209] With the completion of this project, an extra 167 miles (269 km) were added to the system, leaving a total length of 327 miles (526 km). Because of the new western terminus, mile markers and exit numbers on the original were updated to be accurate to the new western terminus.

On May 17, 1956, the speed limit was reduced from 70 to 65 mph (113 to 105 km/h) for cars, buses, and motorcycles; other vehicles were reduced from 70 to 50 mph (113 to 80 km/h).^[210]

In 1951, plans to extend the turnpike east to New Jersey border at the Delaware River were announced.^[211] Construction of the Delaware River extension was approved by GovernorJohn S. Fine in May of that year.^[212] A route bypassing Philadelphia was announced in 1952, crossing the Delaware on a bridge nearEdgely and connecting to a branch of the New Jersey Turnpike.^[213] That September, the turnpike commission announced that $65 million, equivalent to $615 million in 2024^[98], in bonds would be issued to finance the project.^[214] Work on the Delaware River extension began on November 20, 1952, and Governor Fine dug the first shovel into the earth at the groundbreaking ceremony.^[215] Five new interchanges, as well as the Delaware River Bridge Toll Plaza, were built,^{[citation needed]} and the Valley Forge Toll Plaza was demolished and replaced by the Valley Forge Interchange.^[216] The Delaware River extension included a bridge over the Schuylkill River which was built to the same standards as the Susquehanna River Bridge.^[217] The construction of the Delaware River bridge required an amendment to thePennsylvania Constitution, which barred the state from forming compacts with other states. In April 1954, $233 million (equivalent to $2.15 billion in 2024^[98]) in bonds were issued to finance the building of the Delaware River Bridge and theNortheast Extension.^[218] Groundbreaking for the Delaware River Bridge, connecting the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Turnpikes, took place on June 26, 1954, inFlorence, New Jersey.^[117] On August 23, 1954, the Delaware River Extension opened between King of Prussia andUS 611 in Willow Grove.^[219] the segment to the Fort Washington Interchange opened on September 20, to the Philadelphia Interchange on October 27,^[57] and the remainder of the road to the Delaware Valley Interchange opened on November 17, 1954.^[117] The short section between that interchange and the Delaware River Bridge opened to traffic on May 23, 1956. This was a joint construction project with theNew Jersey Turnpike Authority.^[3][220] Pennsylvania GovernorGeorge M. Leader and New Jersey GovernorRobert B. Meyner were present at the opening ceremony.^[221] The Delaware River Bridge Toll Plaza was built west of the bridge, marking the eastern end of the ticket system.^[222] With the completion of the extension, a motorist could drive fromNew York City toIndiana on limited-access toll roads.^[222] This bridge was originally six lanes wide, and had no median, but one was later installed and the bridge constricted to four lanes.^[3] With the extensions and connecting turnpikes, the highway was envisioned as part of a system of toll roads stretching fromMaine toChicago.^[223] It was now possible to drive from New York City to Chicago without encountering a traffic signal.^[224] This brought the mainline to its current length of 360 miles (580 km).

In late 1956, new machine-based toll equipment was activated for trucks, allowing for faster, more accurate tolls.^[210]

In 1953, an extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike from the mainline near Plymouth Meeting north throughNortheastern Pennsylvania to theNew York state line nearBinghamton, New York, was proposed.^[225][226] Groundbreaking for the Northeastern Extension occurred on March 25, 1954, inWhite Haven, with GovernorJohn S. Fine and commission chair Thomas J. Evans present. The Northeast Extension was planned to run from the mainline Pennsylvania Turnpike in Plymouth Meeting north to a temporary terminus at Scranton.^[227] In April 1954, $233 million (equivalent to $2.15 billion in 2024^[98]) in bonds were issued to build the Northeastern Extension along with theDelaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge on the mainline Pennsylvania Turnpike.^[228] The Northeast Extension was built with a four-foot (1.2 m) median in order to save money.^[229] Due to the mountainous terrain it passed through, a large amount of earthwork was necessary to build the road along with the construction of large bridges.^[230] Among the bridges built was the 1,630-foot-long (500 m) Clarks Summit Bridge (since renamed for John J. Fitzgerald, Turnpike engineer and superintendent) over US 6/US 11, which at the time was the tallest bridge on the Pennsylvania Turnpike system at 135 feet (41 m).^[231][232] The Northeast Extension also included the two-lane Lehigh Tunnel under Blue Mountain. The tunnel was originally going to be named for commission chair Evans but was changed when he was convicted of conspiracy to defraud the commission of $19 million (equivalent to $136 million in 2024^[98]).^[230] The road was opened between the Plymouth Meeting Interchange and the Lehigh Valley Interchange on November 23, 1955. The highway was extended north to a temporary interchange atEmerald on December 28 of that year.^[114] The Northeast Extension was opened between Emerald and Wyoming Valley on April 1, 1957.^[233] The entire length of the Northeast Extension was finished on November 7, 1957, with the completion of the northernmost part between Wyoming Valley and Scranton.^[234] The part of the Northeast Extension between Scranton and the New York state line was not built as part of the Pennsylvania Turnpike system but rather the Interstate Highway System as I-81.^[235][236] At the northern terminus, the Northeast Extension narrowed to two lanes along the northbound offramp at Scranton to come to its northern terminus just outsideClarks Summit, with an abandoned short spur of the mainline heading north. A pair oftrumpet interchanges were built to connect the Northeast Extension and I-81.^[236]

In August 1957, theBureau of Public Roads added the mainline to the Interstate Highway System in accordance with recommendations by state highway departments to include toll roads in the system.^[237]I-80 was planned to run along the turnpike from the Ohio state line and Harrisburg West Interchange, whereI-80S would continue east to the Valley Forge Interchange. I-70 was also planned to follow the turnpike between the Pittsburgh Interchange and Breezewood Interchange.^[238] At a June 26, 1958 meeting of the Route Numbering Subcommittee on the US Numbered System, it was decided to move the I-80 designation to an alignment further north; the highway from the Ohio state line to the Valley Forge Interchange would become I-80S. Between the Valley Forge Interchange and the New Jersey state line, the turnpike was designated I-280.^[239][240] With the creation of the Interstate Highway System, restaurants and gas stations were prohibited along interstate highways; the turnpike wasgrandfathered when it joined the system, allowing it to continue operating its service plazas.^[241] Signage was updated to be of a MUTCD standard with this change.

In July 1959, a minimum speed of 35 mph (56 km/h) was established.^[242]

By the early 1950s, it was apparent that the original concrete driving surface between the Irwin Interchange and Carlisle Interchange was in poor shape. This was caused by excessive transverse-joint spacing and no gravel between earth and concrete. Because of this, a project began in 1954 to layer the original turnpike segment between Irwin and Carlisle with a 3-inch (7.6 cm) layer of asphalt. Drainage was also implemented in order to preventblack ice from forming during cold weather, which was previously a common problem. During the work, traffic was restricted to two lanes on one roadway while the other was worked on.^[243] The first stretch to be rehabilitated was the 21-mile (34 km) stretch between the Irwin Interchange and Sideling Hill Tunnel. Repaving the rest of the roadway was completed by September 8, 1962.^[210]

Interstate 280
Location	King of Prussia–Bristol Township
Length	32.65 mi[28] (52.55 km)
Existed	1958–February 1964

In April 1963, the state of Pennsylvania proposed renumbering the interstates. As part of this, I-80S would be redesignated as I-76 between the Pittsburgh Interchange and Valley Forge Interchange, and I-280 would be redesignated as I-276 for its entire length, as neither connected to I-80 which violated interstate highway standards. The changes were approved by theFederal Highway Administration (FHWA) on February 26, 1964. With this, the turnpike would carry I-76 from the Pittsburgh Interchange to Valley Forge Interchange and I-276 from the Valley Forge Interchange to the New Jersey state line.^[244] Signage was updated with this change.

The original New Stanton Interchange was the only non-trumpet interchange design remaining on the turnpike. It instead consisted of a pair of grade separatedright-in/right-out ramps that merged into left hand, at-grade ramps into the two lane toll plaza, which then traveled to an intersection with left hand conflicting turns onto US 119. However, upon PennDOT completing the freeway realignment ofPennsylvania Route 71 (PA 71) in 1959, which brought traffic fromWashington to New Stanton, use of the interchange increased significantly.^[245] Additionally, with I-70 planning to replace both PA 71 and US 119, the PTC became aware the interchange would need to be replaced. The interchange was initially left as is due to financial restraints, though when a man was killed in a car crash in 1963, funding was obtained,^[246] and work began that October to replace it.^[247] The new interchange was to be a safer double trumpet. The project, which had cost $1.6 million (equivalent to $12.3 million in 2024^[98]) was completed on November 12.^[247] The completion of this construction marked the first interchange to be replaced,^[57] as well as the first interchange that didn’t connect to an interstate highway or other expressway to be replaced in order to do so.^[245] The original eastbound exit and entrance were never demolished and still exist.^[248]

On November 19, 1964, plans were proposed to the PTC that would have built an interchange withPA 501 near Myerstown.^[249] This never occurred.^{[citation needed]}

In September 1965, the minimum speed limit was reduced to 40 mph (64 km/h).^[250]

The median, initially thought to be wide enough, was functionally obsolete by 1960. Because of this, nearly 100 miles (160 km) of median barrier began to be built across most of the road.^[251] Work was completed in December 1965 at a cost of $5 million (equivalent to $37.9 million in 2024^[98]).^[11]

As traffic levels increased at a rate almost ten times what PTC engineers originally anticipated, the two-lane tunnels became bottlenecks on the otherwise four lane road. As early as 1951, eastbound traffic had begun slowing down at the Laurel Hill Tunnel. In addition, with theNew York State Thruway andInterstate 80 under construction, the turnpike faced its first serious competition. If nothing was done, traffic would migrate to those roads quickly. The PTC then began considering the potential widening of the tunnels as early as the mid 1950s. By 1958, traffic congestion at both the Laurel Hill Tunnel and Allegheny Mountain Tunnel was a regular occurrence, especially during the summer months.^[252] In late 1959, four senators urged state officials to work with the turnpike commission to study how to reduce the traffic jams, this was after the worst traffic back up in the history of the highway to date occurred at the Laurel Hill Tunnel.^[253] That year, the commission began studying ways to resolve the traffic jams at the two western most tunnels, the Laurel Hill Tunnel and Allegheny Mountain Tunnel.^[254] After study, the turnpike commission planned to eliminate the two bottlenecks by either adding a second tubes at each or replacing them.^[119] In June 1960, the PTC announced these plans would build a widening of the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel and a replacement around the Laurel Hill Tunnel. The Laurel Hill Bypass was planned because construction would be quicker (and congestion reduction given at a cheaper cost) than would be by boring another tunnel.^[255] In June 1962, the commission approved the projects.^[256] That August, $21 million, equivalent to $166 million in 2024^[98], in bonds were sold to finance the projects.^[257] Groundbreaking for both the Laurel Hill Bypass^[258] and twin Allegheny Mountain Tunnel occurred on September 6, 1962.^[259] The Laurel Hill bypass was constructed as a deep cut to the north; the new section would have a wide median and eastbound truck-climbing lane. would require explosives to create a 145-foot-deep (44 m) cut into the mountain.^[164][259] The new twin Allegheny Mountain Tunnel would have white tiles, fluorescent lighting, and improved ventilation.^[164] The former South Pennsylvania Railroad Allegheny Mountain tunnel was considered for use as a twin of the road bore, but as in the 1930s, was rejected because of its poor condition.^[260] The Laurel Hill bypass opened to traffic on October 30, 1964, at a cost of $7.5 million, equivalent to $57.8 million in 2024^[98], closing the old alignment permanently.^[164][259] On March 15, 1965, the new Allegheny Mountain Tunnel opened to traffic and the original tube was closed for renovations. It reopened on August 25, 1966.^[259][261] The construction of the second tube at Allegheny Mountain cost $12 million (equivalent to $88.4 million in 2024^[98]).^[164] With the completion of this project, the entirety of the 165 miles (266 km) between the Ohio state line and Rays Hill Tunnel was four or more lanes wide.^[262] With the construction complete, the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel became the tunnel closest to the Ohio state line. In addition, the highest point on the turnpike became the 2,603 feet (793 m) Laurel Hill Bypass, beating the former record held by the tunnel itself. After its closure, the old Laurel Hill alignment and tunnel began being used as a storage facility for road salt.^[57] Since 2004, the tunnel itself has been used byChip Ganassi Racing for high-speed race car aerodynamic testing. The tunnel was repaved, equipped with climate control, safety equipment, and data collection systems. The first car he Tested wasG-Force TechnologiesIndycar.^{[263][264][265]} This alignment at Laurel Hill is private property. It is routinely patrolled by thePennsylvania State Police for trespassers.^{[citation needed]}

By the end of 1969, $3.2 million (equivalent to $20.9 million in 2024^[98]) worth of improvements to interchanges were completed. At the Gateway Toll Plaza, three lanes were added, bringing the total up to eleven. At Pittsburgh interchange, its ramps were rebuilt to serve an eastern extension of I-76 with a ten lane toll plaza. At the Harrisburg East Interchange, the old toll plaza and ramps onto Eisenhower Boulevard were replaced by a new toll plaza and ramps to serve I-283.^[163]

In order to increase safety, the PTC began installing steel barriers at curves and other areas they deemed to have a high amount of accidents in 1957.^[210] By 1970, this had been completed.^[266]

Studies on how to improve the other tunnels on the mainline were undertaken during the 1960s.^[254] After study, the turnpike commission planned to make the entire turnpike east of the Breezewood Interchange at least four lanes by adding a second tube at the tunnels or replacing them with cuts,^[119] and in 1965, the turnpike commission announced plans to rebuild the Tuscarora, Kittatinny, and Blue Mountain tunnels into twin facilities, as well as building a 13.5-mile (21.7 km) replacement around both the Sideling Hill and Rays Hill tunnels.^[267] A bypass of the tunnels was considered during the 1930s, but was determined to be too expensive.^[119]

A 1961 study concluded that a bypass would be the best option to handle traffic at Rays Hill and Sideling Hill.^[119][268] The replacement of the two tunnels would have a 36-foot-wide (11 m) median, a eastbound truck climbing lane, and wider shoulders.^[62] The commission sold $77.5 million (equivalent to $571 million in 2024^[98]) bonds in January 1966 to finance the project.^[269] They also deemed that the bypass of Sideling Hill and Rays Hill would involve construction of a new Breezewood Interchange. This would use part of the original mainline turnpike. The trumpet and toll plaza would be located southwest of Breezewood, as opposed to in it like the original.^{[citation needed]} Contrary to early plans, the new interchange did not directly connect to the road, due to a study completed in 1966 determining such a move would not increase toll revenue. However, recognizing the use of the interchange by Interstate 70 traffic, the new exits toll plaza would be ten lanes wide.^[57] Construction of the replacement of the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels began in 1967. It involved blasting a cut across both hills.^[270][271] In building the cut across Rays Hill, part of US 30 had to be realigned.^[270] The new road passes over the Sideling Hill Tunnel.^[271] This bypass of the two tunnels would have a 36-foot-wide (11 m) median with a steel barrier in the middle. It would also have wide shoulders and a eastbound truck climbing lane.^[62] The new alignment ends a short distance east of the Cove Valley plaza on the original segment, as well as a short distance west of the original Breezewood Interchange.^[119] Because of this, the Sideling Hill plaza was built to replace it, being located on the new stretch. This is the only single building plaza serving travelers in both directions.^[62] The turnpike bypass of the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels opened on November 26, 1968.^[119]

Studies concluded that a parallel tunnel was the most economical option at the Tuscarora, Kittatinny, and Blue Mountain tunnels. Work on the new tube at the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel began on April 11, 1966, and construction began at the Kittatinny and Blue Mountain tunnels a week later.^[261] The parallel tubes at the three tunnels opened on November 26, 1968, and the original tubes were closed or began to be remodeled.^[119] The new and remodeled tunnels had fluorescent lighting, white tile walls, and 13-foot-wide (4.0 m) lanes.^[272] The portals of the new tunnels were designed to resemble the original tunnels. In October 1970, a replacement Breezewood Interchange opened.^[247] That month, reconstruction of the original Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel was completed; work on refurbishing the original Kittatinny and Blue Mountain tunnels was finished on March 18, 1971.^[273]

With the completion of this project, the entire mainline was at least four lanes wide, and as such met minimalinterstate highway standards.^[274] With the closure of the original Breezewood portion, the longest tunnel became the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel, while the shortest became the Blue Mountain Tunnel. A 0.10 miles (0.16 km) was also added to the system because of the Sideling/Rays Hill Bypasses' increased curvature.

After traffic was diverted to the new alignment, the former stretch passing through the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill tunnels became known as theabandoned Pennsylvania Turnpike. The turnpike commission continued to maintain the tunnels for a few years before abandoning them. The abandoned stretch deteriorated; signs and guardrails were removed, pavement began crumbling, trees grew in the median, and vandals and nature began taking over the tunnels. The turnpike commission still performed some maintenance on the abandoned stretch and used it to test pavement-marking equipment.^[275] In 2001, the turnpike commission turned over a significant portion of the abandoned section to theSouthern Alleghenies Conservancy; bicycles and hikers could use the former roadway.^[276] In 2018 the Bedford-Fulton Joint Recreation Authority, a non-profit arm of theFulton County Chamber of Commerce and Tourism, acquired ownership.^[277] The abandoned stretch of the turnpike is the longest stretch ofabandoned freeway in the United States.^[119]

In 1968, a PTC contractor proposed a project that would have rebuilt the eastern portion of the road between the Morgantown Interchange and the Delaware River Bridge in order to reduce congestion and limit stops at toll plazas as much as possible. However, due to being too expensive, the PTC quickly scaled this down to relocation of the eastern terminus of the ticket system from the Delaware River Bridge Toll Plaza to the Morgantown Interchange. With this, the portion in between was to be converted into a barrier toll system, with tolls removed from interchanges, with them instead being collected at plazas along the turnpike.^[163] A 1971 study recommended not carrying out this proposal due to a decline in toll revenue.^[273]

Interstate 80S
Location	North Beaver Township–King of Prussia
Existed	1958–October 1972

Ohio planned to eliminate I-80S in 1971, replacing it with a realigned I-76. Because of this, it would also have to be removed from the turnpike west of the Pittsburgh Interchange. Pennsylvania disagreed with the change, recommending that I-80S become I-376. Pennsylvania changed its mind, supporting Ohio's plan to renumber I-80S as I-76. In December of that year, the change was approved by theAmerican Association of State Highway Officials.^[240] The change took effect on October 2, 1972. With this, I-76 was carried on the turnpike between the Ohio state line and Valley Forge Interchange.^[278] Signage was updated with this change.

In August 1973, the portion between the New Stanton Interchange and Breezewood Interchange was named the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Highway.

In 1969, the turnpike commission announced plans to widen the road. It proposed doubling the number of lanes from four to eight, excluding the Philadelphia and Irwin to New Stanton portions, which would instead have been ten lanes. Cars and trucks would use separate roadways.^[279] The commission had also proposed a new interchange with I-79 in Carpentertown.^[280] The road would have had an 80-mile-per-hour (130 km/h) speed limit and holographic road signs. The widening would have kept much of the routing intact, but significant reconstruction was proposed between the Allegheny Mountain and Blue Mountain tunnels.^[281] Because of the $1.1-billion (equivalent to $5.91 billion in 2024^[98]) cost and the1973 oil crisis negative effect on toll revenue, the plan was not implemented.^[268]

In 1974, the Northeast Extension was designated PA 9.^{[282][283][284]}

Starting in the early 1970s, PennDOT began bypassing the at-grade portion of US 222 in Lancaster County with a new freeway located west of the original.^[163] Because of this, when the portion the Reading Interchange served was bypassed, it would need to be replaced in order to connect to the new freeway.^[57] Construction began in 1972, alongside the new road.^[285] The project involved constructing a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long access road with a diamond interchange leading to the new freeway, past there, it traveled toPennsylvania Route 272, the former surface alignment. The new toll plaza featured five toll lanes, and was the first interchange on the turnpike to use high mast ramp lighting,^[286] as well as truck weighing computers, which were much faster than the old machines.^[287] The project was completed on April 10, 1974.^[288] The truck computers were later installed across the entire road. With this, the project cost $6.6 million, equivalent to $32.6 million in 2024^[98].^[286] The old ramps overpass was not demolished.^{[citation needed]}

With passage of theNational Maximum Speed Law in August 1974, the speed limit on the turnpike was reduced to 55 mph (89 km/h).^[289][288]

With the opening of I-79 in Cranberry by 1975, the Perry Highway Interchange was expanded to serve increased traffic levels.^[57]

By 1975, the road, most of which was still using a concrete driving surface, had deteriorated significantly. Because of this, the PTC surfaced these portions with an asphalt overlay.^[290] This was completed by 1980.

In the 1970s, the PTC proposed major improvements to the 160 miles (260 km) portion between the Irwin Interchange and Carlisle Interchange. The Irwin Interchange, New Stanton Interchange, Donegal Interchange, Somerset Interchange, and Carlisle Interchange would all be expanded and renovated. A new westbound truck-climbing lane would be built east of the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel, as well as in New Baltimore; in addition, the existing eastbound truck lane at Laurel Hill was extended west. Construction began in 1978, when the effects of the 1973 oil crisis finally ended.^[291] To allow for the new truck lane, which would serve westbound traffic, a new eastbound roadway was built, this was to allow the new eastbound truck lane to use what was originally the four-lane eastbound and westbound road.^[57] Overpasses along the effected stretches of road were replaced.^{[citation needed]} The longest of the new truck lanes was the new Allegheny Mountain lane, which was 2.2 miles (3.5 km) long.^[57] The last of the construction was completed on December 2, 1981,^[292] at the cost of $70 million, equivalent to $204 million in 2024^[98].^[57]

In 1982, the Fort Littleton Interchange was given rebuilt ramps and a expanded toll plaza.

On September 10, 1983, the Blue Mountain Interchange's original two lane toll plaza was replaced with a new four lane toll plaza.^[293] The original booth was donated to theSmithsonian Institution.^[294]

A study of potentially eliminating toll takers began in 1982, with the introduction of the Automatic Ticket Issuing Machine (ATIM). Also as part of this, new 2.50-inch (6.4 cm) tickets would be introduced, replacing the 3.70-inch (9.4 cm) ones, which, unlike them, would feature a magnetic strip that contained the toll fare and other information. Terminals were also added to the truck computers.^[57] Following this study determining that it would reduce congestion, the ticket machines replaced human workers on July 22, 1987.^[295]

By the early 1980s, the section of road in the Philadelphia area had become abottleneck.^[29] Because of this, in June 1983, funding was obtained to widen the turnpike to six lanes between the Valley Forge Interchange and Philadelphia Interchange.^[296] The project was put on hold because of disagreements between GovernorDick Thornburgh and members of the turnpike commission.^[297][298] The Pennsylvania legislature approved the project in 1985, with the agreement, the eastern terminus of the six lane alignment would be scaled down to the Norristown Interchange.^[299][300] Construction began on March 10, 1986.^[301] In spite of the widened road, no overpasses in the area affected were replaced.^{[citation needed]} Improvements to the Fort Washington Interchange, Willow Grove Interchange, and Philadelphia interchange completed in late 1986.^[57] The rest of the widening was completed on November 23, 1987, with a ribbon-cutting at the Philadelphia interchange. The project cost $120 million (equivalent to $645 million in 2024^[98]).^[302]

In 1988, tandem toll booths were added to the Valley Forge Interchange; they were added at the Willow Grove Interchange in 1989.^[57]

In July 1989, politicianMichael Dawida announced his intentions to pass a bill allowing PennDOT to replace the Breezewood Interchange to provide direct access to Interstate 70, as well as to rebuild the Carlisle Interchange to provide direct access to Interstate 81. He wanted this because both US 30 at the Breezewood Interchange and US 11 at the Carlisle Interchange suffer from chronic congestion due to heavy through traffic traveling to these interstates. He had experienced a crash at the latter a year before. However, the Breezewood proposal was criticized by Breezewood politicians, they instead criticized congestion at theSquirrel Hill Tunnel.^[303] He later dropped these proposals.^[57]

On October 31, 1989, the one-billionth vehicle traveled on the turnpike, entering through the Irwin Interchange.^[57]

The turnpike commission celebrated the original road's 50th anniversary in October 1990. Over $300,000 (equivalent to $635,000 in 2024^[98]) was spent to promote the turnpike with a videotape, souvenirs, and a private party attended by politicians and companies that work with the turnpike.^[304] The portion between the Irwin Interchange and Carlisle Interchange was also designated as aNational Historic Civil Engineering Landmark,^[305] in recognition of importance as one of the first US freeways.^[306]

In early 1991, a project to expand the Downingtown Interchange was completed.^[57]

Call boxes were installed between the New Stanton Interchange and Allegheny Mountain Tunnel in December 1988, with it extending all the way to the Kittatinny Mountain Tunnel by the next year. On July 4, 1990, the PTC introduced the *11 emergency cellular phone number, allowing mobile phones the same functionality.^[57] On November 22, 1991, they were equipped along the entire length of the highway.^[307] This made it so that the one was located every one-mile (1.6 km).^[308]

In 1989, construction began on a eastbound truck lane between the Beaver River Bridge and emergency pull off at milepost 15.5. Overpasses needed to be rebuilt to accommodate the work. Unlike the previous truck lanes, no major realignment occurred.^{[citation needed]} Construction on the project was completed in early 1992.^[57]

Plans for an interchange to serve theNew Cumberland Defense Depot near Harrisburg was announced in 1985.^[309] In September 1992, the turnpike commission scrapped the project.^[310]

With plans for the Beaver Valley Expressway made, also came plans for the New Castle Interchange to serve the road. Construction began in November 1990, and on November 20, 1992, this exit opened to traffic.

In the 1980s, plans were made to build the Mid-County interchange, it would serve the north end of the Mid-County Expressway.^[311] As part of this, the ramps onto the Northeast Extension were to be rebuilt,^[312] and the Norristown Interchange would also be improved with new ramps onto the new highway.^{[citation needed]} The PTC issued an initial contract in March 1989.^[311] Construction was delayed when an unsuccessful bidder challenged the commission that June, saying that it violated female and minority contracting rules about the percentage of employees that were used for the project.^[313] The PTC approved an initial contract to build it in March 1989. The contract was rebid in November 1989 after aSupreme Court of Pennsylvania ruling.^[314] As part of this project, a new 19 lane toll plaza was built.^[57] The Mid-County Interchange was opened to traffic in November 1992, witch allowed for closure and demolition of the original ramps onto the northeast Extension and completion of their replacements.^[315] A ribbon-cutting took place on December 15, 1992,^[316] with the replacement ramps onto the Northeast Extension opening the next day.^[317] This was the first interchange on the turnpike with flyover ramps.^[57]

An interchange was proposed withPA 743 betweenElizabethtown andHershey in 1990.^[318] However, a April 1993 study determined that it would not improve traffic flow on local roads.^[319]

On July 13, 1995, the speed limit was raised to 60 mph (97 km/h), except for mainline toll plazas, interchange ramps and toll plazas, the tunnels, and the portion between the Philadelphia Interchange and the New Jersey state line, which did not get the raised limit.^[320]

In late 1995, construction was completed on a project to widen the bridge traveling over the Brush Creek Railroad in Irwin^[321] with shoulders.

In September 1984, as part of a project to directly connect the turnpike to I-176, the PTC announced plans to replace the Morgantown Interchange. That route had previously been in violation of interstate highway standards, as it had not connected to its parent route. Eight options were considered, with the most expensive being a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) access road that would have connected to the Morgantown end of that road. This would have cost $33,000,000, equivalent to $84.1 million in 2024^[98][322] This was planned to reduce congestion on PA 10.^[323] Ultimately, a simpler design was chosen which extended the road to meet a related trumpet at the turnpike itself. Groundbreaking for the new ramps was held on February 28, 1989. The new interchange was built 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of the old one, and merged onto the turnpike from the north, rather than the south. However, it was not to have complete access to PA 10, as the old interchange did.^[324] The new interchange opened on September 18, 1990, completing the first phase of the Morgantown connector.^[325] The overhead lights at the new interchange were considered a nuisance by residents who lived near it.^[326][327] The second phase of the project began in 1994, with the ramps onto I-176 being part of it. On September 27, 1996, these were opened, officially completing the project.^[328] which cost $17 million (equivalent to $37.3 million in 2024^[98])^[324] split between PennDOT and the PTC.^[329]

In Summer 1997, the toll plaza at the Harrisburg West Interchange was expanded and ramps were rebuilt.^{[citation needed]}

In Fall 1998, the PTC completed implementation of the Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS). It involved the addition of variable message signs, a traffic flow system, a truck rollover system, a camera system, and an over height vehicle detection system.^[57]

In early 1999, the PTC began printing coupons on the back of toll receipts.^[57]

In July 2000, the PTC began transmittingHighway advisory radio (HAR) signals at all interchanges along the turnpike. Previously, this was only supported at ones connecting to interstate highways.^[54]

Construction began on a project to rebuild the five-mile (8.0 km) stretch between milepost 94 and 99 in June 1998.^[330] This work involved replacement of the roadbed and overpasses, widening of the median, addition of shoulders,^[330][331] and replacement of drainage. Work was completed in August 2000,^[332] and cost $24 million. It marked the first portion of the road to be entirely rebuilt.^[57]

A $7,000,000 rehabilitation of the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel was completed in late 2000. As part of this, the fluorescent lighting was replaced with sodium lighting, new pipes were installed to correct a design flaw that caused deterioration, a new wrecker was introduced to replace the old one, repairs were made to the tiling and ceiling slabs, and the original two fan based backup generators were replaced by four powerful diesel generators as part of upgrades to the power distribution system.^[57]

The speed limit was lowered from 65 to 55 miles per hour (105 to 89 km/h) between the New Stanton Interchange and milepost 130 in April 2001. This was due to the section's six degree curves.^[333]

In May 1999, reconstruction began on the section between milepost 187 and the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel. The roadbed was rebuilt, overpasses replaced, and shoulders expanded.^[332] Work was completed in Summer 2001 at the cost of $50 million.^[57]

In Fall 2001, the PTC ran an advertising campaign called "Peace, Love and the Pennsylvania Turnpike". It lasted for 90 days and used tie-dyed billboards that resembled those from the 1970s and carried phrases such as "Rome wasn't built in a day" and "Spread the love. Let someone merge."^[334]

In August 1999, the PTC awarded a contract to reconstruct the road between the New Stanton Interchange and milepost 85.^[335] In April 2000, massive potholes developed on the stretch of road. This required the portion to be temporarily closed. Soon after, construction on the work began. It involved reconstructing the roadbed, widening the median, and expanding the shoulders. The eastbound lanes were completed in October 2000,^[57] while the westbound lanes were finished in October 2002.^[335]

An electronic toll collection system was first proposed in 1990 in which a motorist would create an account, use an electronic device read from an electronic tollbooth, and be billed later.^[336] In 1994, alongside many other northeast toll roads, the PTC created an agreement to implement E-ZPass. This tolling system was planned to go into effect by 1998.^[337][338] In 1996, the PTC announced they were considering the addition of slip ramps in thePhiladelphia area as part of the conversion.^[339] In 1998, it was announced the implementation of the system was postponed until 2000.^[340] Construction began on the Virginia Drive slip ramp in early 2000; it would serve westbound traffic.^[341] As part of the implementation, the Valley Forge Interchanges Toll Plaza widened from thirteen lanes to seventeen lanes.^[57] On December 2, 2000, E-ZPass was introduced from the Harrisburg West Interchange to the Delaware River Bridge Toll Plaza.^{[342][343][341]} Concurrently, the new slip ramp onto Virginia Drive opened.^[342][341] On May 19, 2001, E-ZPass was introduced from the Carlisle Interchange to the Gettysburg Pike Interchange.^[57] Following this, on December 15, E-ZPass was introduced on the remaining portion from the Blue Mountain Interchange to the Gateway Toll Plaza.^[344][345] On December 14, 2002, the system was introduced to commercial vehicles.^[346] Implementation of the system cost $5,100,000 (equivalent to $8.8 million in 2024^[98]), and saw improved signage and feedback signals installed at all of the toll plazas. Unlike the rest of the exits, the Virginia Drive Slip ramp was not staffed, meaning no toll collectors were required to be there.^{[citation needed]}

In October 2000, the PTC announced they would gradually switch the exit numbers of interchanges from thesequential system tomilepost system. This would be based on how far east the exit was from the Ohio state line.^[347][348].^{[citation needed]} Installation of the new signage occurred in May 2001.^[349] By 2003, the old exit numbers had been retired.

In 1987, plans were announced to build the Cranberry Interchange, which would connect the turnpike to I-79 and US 19 in Cranberry Township. It would replace the Perry Highway Interchange, which had only served the latter.^[329] These plans were approved in 1993,^[350] with a contract issued in November 1995.^[351] In 1997, transportation officials agreed on the interchange's design,^[352] a drastic simplification of the one initially proposed.^[57] The project was planned to include moving the west end of the ticket system from the Gateway Toll Plaza to a new location in Warrendale.^[353] This was necessary in order to reduce significant congestion at the Gateway Toll Plaza. The new toll plaza would have standard cash lanes, as well as two express E-ZPass lanes (one in each direction) to let E-ZPass drivers go through the toll plaza at expressway speed.^[57] Construction on the first ramps of the Cranberry Interchange began in early 2000.^[354] The Warrendale Toll Plaza was delayed by a dispute withMarshall andPine townships in Allegheny County, who thought that it would cause noise, air, and light pollution.^[353] Marshall Township eventually agreed to allow construction in May 2001.^[355] Reconstruction of the Gateway Toll Plaza from a ticket facility into a coin drop facility began that October. On top of adding coin drop machinery, the plaza's toll lanes were given better heating and cooling systems.^[57] Construction of the Warrendale Toll Plaza itself began in February 2002.^[356] The westbound Butler service plaza was soon after closed to allow for right of way for the new plaza, aptly named after Warrendale, to use that already used by the existing turnpike.^[357] On June 1, 2003, the new fixed rate Gateway Toll Plaza was opened, the New Castle and Beaver Valley Interchanges had their toll plazas eliminated, the Perry Highway Interchange was closed, and the cash lanes at the Warrendale Toll plaza were opened.^[358] The final of the new ramps at the Cranberry Interchange opened on November 12, 2003.^[359] In June 2004, the express E-ZPass lanes were completed at the Warrendale toll plaza.^[360] The project cost $44 million (equivalent to $71.7 million in 2024^[98]),^[359] which was split between PennDOT and the PTC.^[329]

On July 12, 2001, ground was broken on a project to rebuild the roadway between the Somerset Interchange and Allegheny Mountain Tunnel. Work involved reconstruction of the roadbed to extend its life, expansion of the shoulder and median, as well replacement of seventeen overpasses to accommodate the new shoulders, and a widened median. On March 21, 2002, a $66 million project to rebuild the roadway from mileposts 85 to 94 broke ground. This project reconstructed the Donegal Interchange, rehabilitated seven other overpasses, and built a eastbound truck lane between mileposts 88 and 94 and westbound truck lane between mileposts 93.1 and 92.2. Work on the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel project was originally planned to be completed in Spring 2005 and the Donegal project scheduled to be completed in November 2005, but a fare increase allowed for both to be completed in November 2004.^[57]

On November 24, 2004, the day beforeThanksgiving, 2,000Teamsters Union employees went onstrike, after contract negotiations failed. This was the first strike in the history of the roadway. As this is usually one of the busiest traffic days in the US, to avoid traffic jams, tolls were waived for the rest of the day.^[361] Starting on November 25, turnpike management personnel collected flat-rate passenger tolls of $2 and commercial tolls of $15 from cash customers on the ticketed system, while E-ZPass customers were charged the lesser of the actual toll or the same flat rates.^[362] The strike ended after seven days when both sides reached an agreement on November 30, 2004. Normal toll collection resumed December 1, 2004.^[363]

On January 29, 2005, the service road at the Reading Interchange was officially named Colonel Howard Boulevard.^[364]

The PTC approved raising the speed limit to 65 mph (105 km/h) for the entire length of the turnpike in April 2005. This excluded tunnels, mainline toll plazas, interchange ramps and toll plazas, the portion between the New Stanton Interchange and milepost 130, and the portion between the Bensalem Interchange and the Delaware River Bridge.^[365]

In July 2005, the PTC completed a $3,500,000 (equivalent to $5.39 million in 2024^[98]) project that eliminated 131 low capacity emergency pull offs along the entire road. These were intended for motorists in an emergency or commercial vehicles needing to stop, however a study completed in June 1998 which determined they were to much of a safety hazard, as commercial vehicles were too big for them. However, this was criticized as making these truckers more likely to stay on the road even when tried, as there was a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) gap between the larger pull offs.^[366]

In October 2005,^[367] the PTC, in conjunction with PennDOT, completed the addition of four 55 mph (89 km/h) express E-ZPass lanes at the Mid-County Interchange,^[368] marking the second of these to be added.^[367]

In July 2004, construction began on rebuilding the portion of road between milepost 38 and the Butler Valley Interchange. Work was completed by December 2005.^[57]

In March 2007, the PTC announced that it had removed the steps leading to St. John's Church in New Baltimore because they were a safety hazard and violated interstate highway standards.^[369][370]

In December 2005, the PTC began construction on a project to widen the toll plazas, expand the utility buildings, and rebuild the roadway and associated structures at both the Gettysburg Pike Interchange and Lebanon-Lancaster Interchange. The work was completed in October 2007 at a cost of $30 million (equivalent to $46.2 million in 2024^[98]).^[57]

In September 2000, the PTC announced plans to build a six lane concretesegmental bridge to replace the old four lane deck truss span over the Susquehanna River.^[371] Work began on the six-lane bridge, which cost $150 million (equivalent to $238 million in 2024^[98]), four years later.^[26] In March 2005, as part of the project, work began on realignment of a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) section of roadway near the bridge. In November, work began on improvement of the Harrisburg East Interchange, its toll plaza was expanded to nine lanes, and its ramps replaced to accommodate the widened mainline.^[57] A ribbon-cutting was held for completion of the westbound bridge on May 16, 2007, and it opened to traffic the following day.^[372] The eastbound bridge opened in June.^[373] Demolition of the old bridge began on August 22, and was completed on September 5. The rest of the realignment was completed in June 2008. The entire project cost $150,000,000.^[57]

In November 2006, GovernorEd Rendell and Pennsylvania House SpeakerJohn Perzel proposed leasing the turnpike long-term to a private group to raise money to improve other infrastructure in the state. Such a lease was thought to raise up to $30 billion (equivalent to $44.8 billion in 2024^[98]) for the state.^[374] In October 2007, 34 companies submitted 14 proposals to lease the turnpike.^[375] On May 19, 2008, a record $12.8-billion (equivalent to $18.6 billion in 2024^[98]) proposal byAbertis, aSpain-based firm, andCitigroup in New York City to lease the turnpike was submitted.^[376] The consortium withdrew the offer on September 30, 2008, as they reasoned the proposal would not be approved in the state legislature.^[377]

Plans were made to widen the road to six lanes between the Valley Forge Interchange and Norristown Interchange in the 1990s.^[378] In order to allow for such, construction began on a second Schuylkill River Bridge in 1998. Work was completed a month early in May 2000.^[379] Work on the rest of the widening began in October 2004.^[380] As part of the work, the Norristown Interchange had its toll plaza expanded, the E-ZPass lanes were also improved.^[57] Work west of the Schuylkill River was completed on December 22, 2006. Work on widening east of the bridge was completed on November 21, 2008.^[57] The entire project cost $330 million (equivalent to $471 million in 2024^[98]).^[381]

A project was undertaken to widen the turnpike to six lanes between the Gateway Toll Plaza and New Castle Interchange. The first phase began in September 2005. This involved rebuilding the overpasses between mileposts 4 and milepost 9, and was completed in November 2006. The second phase, which began in early 2006, involved rebuilding the roadway.^[57] It also saw conversion of the Gateway Toll Barrier, from a toll plaza that tolled in both directions with no express lanes, into an eastbound only plaza with express E-ZPass lanes, as had been at the Warrendale Toll Plaza since completion.^[382] This phase of work was completed in July 2007.^[367] Widening of the section between the Gateway Toll Barrier and the New Castle Interchange began in January 2007 and was completed on May 21, 2009. The entire project cost $132,000,000.^[57]

In December 2009, the PTC renamed the Philadelphia Interchange the Bensalem Interchange, as that town had petitioned. With this, tickets at the toll plaza were updated, and signage replaced.^[383]

On April 28, 2010, GovernorEd Rendell proposed that maintenance of the turnpike be taken over by PennDOT. A special session of the state legislature voted on this issue on May 4,^[384] choosing not to go with this plan.^[57]

Plans were announced to build a pair of concrete replacement bridges over the Allegheny River in 2005.^[385] Work began in May 2007.^[21] As with the Susquehanna River Work, the turnpike was partially replaced to meet with the new bridges. The Allegheny Valley Interchange ramps onto the turnpike was demolished and rebuilt as to meet with the new alignment.^[57] A dedication ceremony was held on October 23, 2009.^[21] The bridges, which cost $194 million (equivalent to $275 million in 2024^[98]), opened to traffic the following day. Demolition of the old bridge began after, a controlled implosion to take down part of it occurred on July 13, 2010,^[386][387] a second implosion occurred on July 30 to try to bring down another other half, though this failed, with workers having to weld the superstructures piers in strategic locations until the remaining portion of the structure fell down. Work on the $193,600,000(equivalent to $27.4 million in 2024^[98]) project was largely completed when the westbound bridge was opened on November 15.^[57]

Plans were made for an eastbound slip ramp with PA 132 in 2004. This was to provide better access toParx Casino and Racing, one of the biggest gambling facilities in Pennsylvania, which had been causing congestion at the nearby interchanges since its opening in 1974.^[388] In order to allow for this, the South Neshaminy Plaza was permanently closed on July 30, 2007.^[57] A contract for this in May 2009,^[388] and construction began that November.^[389] The ramp was opened to traffic on November 22, 2010, at the cost $7,400,000 (equivalent to $10.4 million in 2024^[98]).^[388]

In December 2010, the PTC announced they were considering the removal toll rates from tickets.^[36] Ultimately, after backlash, they announced this would not occur in January 2011.^[390]

In 2005, plans were announced to widen the road to six lanes between the Irwin Interchange and New Stanton Interchange.^[391] As part of the project, theHempfield service plaza was closed in January 2007.^[78] Work was completed in November 2011.^[392]

On July 23, 2009, widening of the roadway to six lanes began between the Warrendale Toll Plaza and Butler Valley Interchange. Work involved replacing three overpasses, and building a new alignment between milepost 32.4 and milepost 35.5. It was completed in November 2012 at the cost of $113,000,000.^[57]

On September 26, 2012, the PTC began a program to introduce a new ATIM system. These printed new tickets, which were 1.75 inches longer, printed on thermal paper, and lacked magnetic strips the old tickets had. In addition, the tickets were not preprinted, meaning that more ink was saved in comparison to the old system. The first two interchanges to get the new machines were the Willow Hill and Lebanon-Lancaster Interchanges. After this test was completed, starting on October 1, the new machines were installed at the rest of the low volume interchanges, and by December 6, the high volume interchanges had also transitioned to the new system. This was done because the old ATIM system had become obsolete, and if left in use past 2012, they would have been expensive to maintain due to a shortage of parts.^[57]

In 1998, plans were announced for a slip ramp at PA 252. Residents opposed the plan, fearing that it would impact the area.^[393] In 1999, the commission altered these plans so that a ramp would be built at PA 29 instead.^[394] The PTC approved funding for the slip ramp in 2002,^[395] but the project was temporarily put on hold in 2009 because of engineering and design problems.^[396] It was announced that the commission would approve construction of the slip ramp at PA 29 in August 2010, and construction began the following March.^[397][398] The new ramp became the only E-ZPass interchange, as it was accessible in both directions. It opened on December 11, 2012; GovernorTom Corbett cut the ribbon.^[398][399]

On June 22, 2012, the PTC began a $4.5 million project to reconstruct the Somerset Interchanges access road. Some of the old connections to local roads were eliminated, and two new ones were created to supplement them. This was completed in Summer 2013.^[57]

On June 17, 2014, the road was officially dedicated as aBlue Star Memorial Highway, in honor of the veterans who served at the PTC.^[57]

In March 2013, Montgomery County officials announced they were considering more slip ramps along the turnpike to ease traffic congestion.^[400] The Pennsylvania Turnpike Corridor Reinvestment Project was released in 2015, with plans to build additional interchanges along the turnpike in Montgomery County to revitalize adjacent business parks.^[401] Proposed locations for new interchanges includedPA 63 near Willow Grove, and Henderson Road in Upper Merion Township. There were also plans to add eastbound ramps at the existing Virginia Drive interchange, ramps at the Valley Forge interchange connecting to First Avenue and Moore Road in King of Prussia, a ramp at the Fort Washington interchange to Commerce Drive, and the reconstruction of the Willow Grove Interchange into an at-grade intersection.^[402] None of this ever occurred primarily due to the conversion to all electronic tolling.

In 2014, a reconstruction began between milepost 99 and milepost 102. This involved replacement of the pedestrian overpass at milepost 101, reconstruction of the roadbed, replacement of the drainage, and replacement of the median. This was completed in October 2015, at the cost of $39,000,000.

The speed limit was increased to 70 mph (110 km/h) between the Blue Mountain and Morgantown interchanges on July 22, 2014, as part of a test.^[403] On March 15, 2016, the PTC approved raising the speed limit on the remainder of the turnpike to 70 mph (110 km/h) except for sections posted with a 55-mile-per-hour (89 km/h) limit;^[404][405] the speed limit increased to 70 mph (110 km/h) on the 65-mile-per-hour (105 km/h) sections of the road on May 3 of that year. It remains 55 mph (89 km/h) in construction zones, tunnels, and the portion between the Bensalem Interchange and the New Jersey state line.^{[406][407][408]}

On April 22, 2014, a groundbreaking ceremony was held to reconstruct the road between mileposts 250 and 252. Work on this $47.65 million project, which also installed sound barriers,^[57] was completed in August 2016.

In 2015, implementation of support for credit and debit cards on ATIMs began, with the first interchange to get it being Willow Hill.^[409] By October of the following year, the entire road accepted the new payment option.^[410] This was meant as a last resort for cash users who ran out of money before reaching their destination, because of this, it was the least used of the three toll options.^[411]

In November 2016, the PTC completed a project that rebuilt the road at milepost 128 in order to eliminate a known rockslide area.

The turnpike had originally used traffic lights as feedback signals for E-ZPass users. On March 17, 2017, the PTC announced that it would remove these alongside an upgrade to the toll equipment; they did not conform to federal signage guidelines.^[412]

In September 2017, the PTC removed call boxes due to increased mobile-phone use.^[413]

In 2013, work began on a widening to six lanes between the Harrisburg West Interchange and Susquehanna River Bridge. Overpass replacement began that year, with construction on the actual road widening beginning in 2014.^[57] Work on the project was completed in Spring 2018 at the cost of $92,000,000.^[414]

A project was undertaken to widen the road to six lanes between the Blue Mountain Tunnel and the Carlisle Interchange. This work involved replacement of the underpass at the Blue Mountain Interchange with an overpass, reconstruction of eighteen overpasses, and realignment of a short portion near the tunnel's portal.^[415] Business owners in the area had proposed building a slip ramp near the Carlisle Interchange in order to reduce congestion, though this did not occur. Work was completed by the end of 2018 at the cost of $500,000,00.^[416]

In early 2015, the PTC completed addition of ticket processing machines (TPMs) at the Willow Hill Interchange. These allowed non cash users to pay much faster, as rather than handing the ticket in then handling cash and awaiting change, they could simply feed the ticket into a dispenser and receive a confirmation record. Following this, in January 2019, they were implemented at the Fort Littleton Interchange and Blue Mountain Interchange.^[417]

In September 2019, the turnpike launched a smartphone app for paying tolls.^[418]

In August 2013, construction began on a project to widen the road to six lanes between the milepost 40 and the Allegheny Valley Interchange. Work involved reconstructing bridge structures, with the sole exception being the McClelland Road underpass, which was fully demolished. It was completed on October 17, 2019, at the cost of $200 million.^[57]

In March 2017, construction began on improvements to the Donegal Interchange. A new traffic signal and realigned intersection end were built. This was completed in October 2020.^[419]

In 2021, construction began on a project to widen the road to six lanes between the Cranberry Interchange and Warrendale Toll Plaza. It was completed in September 2022.^[420]

Reconstruction of the ramps into US 1 from the Bensalem Interchange began in November 2018^[421][422] and was completed in December 2022.^[423]

In May 2019, the PTC began a project to rehabilitate the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel. As part of this, the eastbound bore ceiling was rebuilt to taking on a new arch ceiling, while both were given new LED lighting, improved conduit, new tiling with better waterproofing, new variable messages signs, a water collection system, and new, wider driving lanes and a resurfaced approach road with repaired bridges.^[424] They also replaced the ventilation,^[425] repainted the portals, replaced the switch gears and generators, as well as expanding the guard office space. Work was completed in January 2024.^[424]

Construction to widen the section between milepost 102 and the Somerset Interchange began in January 2021. It involved bypassing some curves of the turnpike with new ones. Work was completed in August 2024.^[426][427]

In October 2024, support forApple Pay andGoogle Pay was introduced.^[428]

In 2026, reconstruction will be completed between milepost 126 and 131.^[429]

In late 2021, construction began to replace the functionally obsolete Hawk Falls Bridge that carries I-476 over Mud Run in Carbon County. The replacement bridge will be a 720 feet (220 m) long steel bridge that will include shoulders. Construction of the replacement bridge is expected to be completed in the middle part of 2026.^[430]

In 2004, plans were announced to widen the highway to six lanes between the Downingtown Interchange and Valley Forge Interchange.^[431] Three years later, the project's western terminus was scaled back from Downingtown to the proposed PA 29 slip ramp.^[432] Plans for the widening were presented to the public in 2009.^[433] Later that year, the widening was put on hold because of engineering problems;^[396] it resumed in 2010.^[434] Work was scheduled to begin in 2013, with completion in 2015.^[435] In October 2012, the project was postponed a year because of delays in permit approvals.^[436] The project is being split into two phases: one between thePA 252 overpass and the Valley Forge interchange, and the other between the PA 29 interchange and the PA 252 overpass.^[437] Construction began on September 27, 2021, with the new lanes opening to traffic in October 2024^[438] and all work completed in May 2025.^[439] Reconstruction and widening of the turnpike from the Downingtown interchange east to the Valley Hill Road overpass began in early 2023, with completion planned for 2027. As part of the project, the ramps at the Downingtown Interchange are being rebuilt.^[440]

Additional plans in January 2013 called for widening the road to six lanes between the Morgantown Interchange and Downingtown Interchange. Overpasses along the stretch are currently being reconstructed in preparation for the widening.^[441] Initially expected to begin in 2018 and be completed by 2020,^[442] it has since been rescheduled.

In 2012, the PTC announced that they were planning to replace the Beaver River Bridge, the last deck truss bridge. While not structurally deficient, it has a similar design to theI-35W Mississippi River Bridge, which collapsed in 2007, and is functionally obsolete. As part of this, the Beaver Valley Interchange was also to be rebuilt^[443] from a trumpet interchange into a partial diamond interchange.^{[citation needed]} Soon after, they set aside nearly $300 million to replace the bridge, and began the design phase.^[444] In September 2013, the PTC began the work, which would at first replace a number of bridges between mileposts 12 and 14. This was completed in November 2017, allowing for future widening from four to six lanes. The first phase was completed in December 2022 and the PTC began the second phase: the widening to six lanes.^[445] In September 2024, as part of the project, temporary ramps at the Beaver Valley Interchange were opened so that the old ones could be systematically demolished.^[446] Work is expected to be competed in September 2027 at a cost of $292 million.^[445]

In 2010,McCormick Taylor and Wilbur Smith Associates were hired by the PTC to conduct a feasibility study on converting the road to all-electronic tolling.^[36] On March 6, 2012, the turnpike commission announced that it was implementing this plan.^[37] The turnpike commission projected that it would save $65 million annually on labor costs by eliminating toll collectors.^[38] The first plazas to be converted were the toll plazas at the end of the turnpike. The Delaware River Bridge Toll Plaza was demolished and a westbound all-electronic barrier installed in its place by January 2016, becoming the first on the turnpike to do so.^{[citation needed]} On October 27, 2019, all-electronic tolling was implemented at the express lanes at the Gateway Toll Barrier.^{[citation needed]} All-electronic tolling was originally scheduled to be implemented between the Gateway Toll Barrier and Neshaminy Falls Toll Barrier, as well as on the Northeast Extension, in late 2021.^[41] In March 2020, the turnpike made the switch early as a result of theCOVID-19 pandemic. With this, interchanges that had been previously restricted to use by E-ZPass users (the PA 29 interchange, as well as the Virginia Drive and Street Road slip ramps) had this restriction removed.^[31] The all-electronic tolling system on the turnpike will initially use toll booths at exits until mainline tollgantries between interchanges are constructed.^[41] Construction on the gantries began in 2023.^[447] They also determined a new tolling structure would be implemented, with tolls calculated based on length rather than weight.^[448] Toll gantries were activated on January 5, 2025 on the Northeast Extension and on the mainline turnpike east of the Reading interchange. The gantries on the rest of the mainline will be in operation by January 2027.^[449][450] Demolition of the toll plazas will be completed by mid-2028.^[451]

In 2025, the PTC createdTurnpike TV, a series of videos giving detailed coverage and information about construction, future projects, and community initiatives regarding the turnpike.^[452]

Plans for an interchange between the turnpike and I-95 in Bristol Township to connect portions of I-95 in Pennsylvania and the New Jersey Turnpike were proposed in 1978.^[453][454] The roads did not have an interchange because earlier laws (since repealed) prohibited federal funds from being used to connect toll roads.^[237] In 1982, the federal government mandated that the interchange be built in Pennsylvania.^[455] A gap existed on I-95 because of the unbuiltSomerset Freeway segment in central New Jersey.^[453] Under the plan, I-95 would be rerouted off of its original alignment through Trenton,^[456][457] and routed onto the portion of turnpike between the new interchange and the New Jersey state line.^[458] This would result in the elimination of I-276 along the 3 miles (4.8 km) stretch, now terminating east at the interchange. I-95 would follow the Pearl Harbor Extension, which ends at the mainline New Jersey Turnpike. This would create a continuous route through New Jersey, and allow for I-295 to be extended.^[459] Area residents who thought the interchange would lead to a decline in their quality of life opposed the plan.^[460] Anenvironmental impact statement (EIS) was released in 2003, with this it was revealed that the project would also included widening and a new eastern end of the ticket system to be located before the interchange.^[461] The interchange received environmental approval in 2004, the preliminary design was completed in 2008, and the final design followed.^{[462][463][464]}

The project involved building a high-speed interchange between the roads. A new toll plaza was built east of the Street Road Interchange at Neshaminy Falls to mark the eastern end of the ticket system. It consisted of high-speed E-ZPass lanes and ticket and cash booths, and the former Delaware River Bridge toll barrier converted to serve westbound traffic only, and the Delaware Valley Interchange had its toll plaza removed. A new bridge was to be built over the Delaware River. Work on the project began in late 2010, and two bridges over the turnpike were replaced in 2011.^[456] Groundbreaking for the interchange with I-95 took place on July 30, 2013, with Governor Corbett in attendance.^[465] The project's first stage, which includes the new toll plaza, widening and flyover ramps between I-95 and the turnpike, was projected to cost $420 million and the flyover ramps were projected to cost $142.9 million, with $100 million from federal funds and the remainder from the turnpike commission. The PTC borrowed money from foreign investors to fund the project, and the commission entered a partnership with the Delaware Valley Regional Center (DVRC) in 2014 to raise half the funds needed to construct the interchange. TheEB-5 visa program was projected to allow the commission, through the DVRC, to save about $35 million of traditional borrowing costs over five years.^[466] Construction of the interchange's first stage, the Neshaminy Falls Toll Plaza, began later that year.^[467] The Neshaminy Falls Toll plaza opened in January 2016, after which the Delaware Valley Interchange and Delaware River Bridge toll plazas were demolished, with the latter being replaced by a westbound fixed rate toll gantry. Signage was also updated at the Delaware Valley Interchange to remove its name.^{[citation needed]} Flyover ramps between northbound I-95 and the eastbound turnpike and between the westbound turnpike and southbound I-95 opened on September 22, 2018.^[468] This completed I-95, which runs fromFlorida north to Maine. Part of the Interstate Highway System, it serves over 110 million people in over 10 percent of the total US land area. Its development began as part of the Federal-Aid Highway Act in 1956.^[469] With this, the portion of the turnpike between the new interchange and the New Jersey state line became part of I-95 while the eastern terminus of I-276 was cut back to the new interchange. Signs depicting turnpike shields and mile markers were removed, with signs depicting I-95 mile markers and shields were put in their place. Exit 358 was also renumbered as exit 42, being based on I-95 exit numbers.^[468] The exit 42 ramp to US 13 was rebuilt from a trumpet into an at-grade intersection,^[470] this was completed in 2020.^{[citation needed]}

Long-term plans call for the construction of missing connections with I-95 and I-295, as well as and widening the turnpike to six lanes between the Bensalem Interchange and New Jersey state line. This would include the reconstruction of the exit 42's ramps from and off of the turnpike, as well a replacement of the Delaware River Bridge with a new span, which is expected to begin construction in 2025 at the earliest.^[471] The remaining stages of the project are unfunded, with an estimated cost of $1.1 billion.^[467] Once this project is completed, the entire road between the Downingtown Interchange and New Jersey state line will be six lanes wide.^[472]

On September 24, 2024, the PTC announced plans to widen the stretch between mileposts 160 and 163 to six lanes; this would also involve replacement of the Breezewood Interchange to add a new grade-separated connection between the turnpike and I-70. The project is planned to begin its preliminary design phase in 2025, with construction underway by 2027.^[473]

In 2000, slip ramps were proposed as part of a revitalization plan to connect the turnpike with Lafayette Street in downtown Norristown.^[474] Construction of an extension to Lafayette Street began in 2013, and was completed the following year.^[475] On January 7, 2015, the commission committed $45 million (equivalent to $58 million in 2024^[98]) to building the interchange.^[476] The commission's Fiscal Year 2017 Capital Plan included $66 million (equivalent to $82.8 million in 2024^[98]) for the Lafayette Street Interchange. The design phase began in 2017, with preliminary engineering in 2018 and 2019.^[477] Construction of the Lafayette Street Interchange is expected to begin in 2028 and be completed in 2030.^[478] The project will involve construction of ramps at Lafayette Street that will serve all westbound movements, while ramps connecting to nearby Ridge Pike will serve eastbound movements.^[478][479] The interchange will be located at milepost 331.^[480] The proposed slip ramp is projected to cost $160 million (equivalent to $276 million in 2024^[98]). Montgomery County officials have proposed a surcharge for the new exit to help pay for the project.^[481]

Along with the new interchange at Lafayette Street, Montgomery County has proposed additional improvements to the segment of the turnpike that runs through the county. In 2015, the county initiated the "Turnpike Corridor Reinvestment Project", which calls for the construction of the Lafayette Street Interchange, along with potential new interchanges with Henderson Road in King of Prussia (milepost 329) and Welsh Road (PA 63) (milepost 342) near Willow Grove. For existing interchanges in the county (Valley Forge, Fort Washington, Virginia Drive, and Willow Grove), the project calls for the modernization of these interchanges and the addition of slip ramps, particularly the completion of the Virginia Drive Interchange to serve eastbound movements.^[480]

A 1996 study on improving the Allegheny Mountain portion by building a replacement tube or a cut was made.^[482][483] Based on the study, the commission planned to replace the deteriorating tunnel with a cut through the mountain.^[483] These plans were postponed indefinitely in 2001 because it would cost $93.7 million (equivalent to $158 million in 2024^[98]), though were revived in 2009.^[484] The nearby Mountain Field and Stream Club prefers that the tunnels be improved or a new tube built rather than the bypass. The narrow Allegheny Mountain Tunnel is deteriorating, with disintegrating ceiling slabs and outdated lighting and ventilation.^[485] On October 22, 2013, the PTC announced plans to replace the tunnels (the older of which was 73 years old) with new tunnels or a bypass due to the age and condition of the 1940 tunnel and the need for additional capacity.^[486] About 11 million vehicles use the tunnel every year.^[487] On December 24, 2014, the PTC announced that it was going forward with plans to replace the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel. Six options are being considered, three of which would include bypasses viarock blasting; the other three would involve boring two new tunnels (presumably three lanes each) to accommodate the PTC's long-term plans to widen the mainline turnpike to six lanes except for the tunnels. If the PTC builds new tunnels, the existing Allegheny Mountain Tunnels would be closed to traffic and repurposed. Although the projected costs for a bypass would be less than half that of boring new tunnels and would require $3 million less for annual maintenance of each tunnel, the Mountain Field and Stream Club (a local hunting group which owns 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land around the tunnel) opposed the replacement option; the group had also opposed plans to replace the tunnels in 2001.^[488] In February 2020, the PTC decided that the tunnel would be bypassed with a new road to the south. Such a plan is expected to be cheaper and have less environmental impact than a new tunnel. The project is under environmental review; design is expected to take three to four years, and construction will take another three years.^[489] The bypass will be six lanes, with a truck climbing lane westbound.^[490] The new alignment will include an overpass for use by wildlife that use the forests above the tunnel, and a new underpass would be built to replace the existing culvert at the Raystown Branch Juniata River. Another new underpass will be built at PA 160, directly parallel to the existing one.^[491] They would also replace the maintenance facility that currently resides on the westbound side at the western portal of the tunnel with a new one located on the bypass.^{[citation needed]} The new road will cost an estimated $332.4 million.^[489] If this project is to be competed, then hazardous vehicles would no longer need to exit at interchange before it on both directions of the turnpike.

The PTC made plans to widen the portion of road between the Pittsburgh Interchange and Irwin Interchange to six lanes.^[492] As part of this, on July 16, 2019, they voted to allocate $30 million to its 10-Year Capital Plan for a new interchange from the turnpike toPA 130 inPenn Township, between exits 57 and 67.^[493] As part of this, overpasses are being replaced.^[492] A Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission study found that PA 130 would need to be widened to accommodate the additional traffic, costing about $38 million and bringing the total project cost to about $68 million.^[494] The project needs coordination between the turnpike commission and PennDOT (which maintains PA 130),^[495] and is supported by the Westmoreland County Chamber of Commerce.^[496] On October 28, 2021, it was announced that design work on project would begin; it is projected to be completed by 2038.^[497]

Mileposts are based on those signed, meaning they may not reflect actual distance from the Ohio state line.

County	Location[498]	mi [19][499]	km	Old exit [500]	New exit [499]	Name[499]	Destinations	Notes
Lawrence	North Beaver Township	0.00	0.00	–	–		I-76 Toll west /Ohio Turnpike west –Ohio	Continuation intoOhio; western end of I-76 concurrency
		1.43	2.30	Gateway Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate; eastbound toll)
Beaver	Big Beaver	10.70	17.22	1A	10	New Castle	I-376 Toll –New Castle,Pittsburgh	Exit 26 on I-376; last westbound exit before toll
		12.87	20.71	2	13	Beaver Valley	PA 18 –Ellwood City,Beaver Falls
	Beaver River	13.0– 13.3	20.9– 21.4	Beaver River Bridge
Butler	Cranberry Township	28.47	45.82	3	28	Cranberry	I-79 /US 19 –Pittsburgh,Erie	Exit 77 on I-79; access toOld Economy Village State Historic Site; replaced the former Perry Highway Interchange; last eastbound exit before toll
Allegheny	Marshall Township	33.00	53.11	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
	Hampton Township	39.10	62.93	4	39	Butler Valley	PA 8 –Pittsburgh,Butler	Formerly called the North Pittsburgh Interchange[501]
	Harmar Township	47.73	76.81	5	48	Allegheny Valley	ToPA 28 –New Kensington,Pittsburgh	Access via Freeport Road
	Allegheny River	47.8– 48.2	76.9– 77.6	Allegheny River Bridge
	Plum	49.30	79.34	Oakmont Plum Service Plaza (eastbound)
	Monroeville	56.44	90.83	6	57	Pittsburgh	I-376 west /US 22 /US 22 Bus. west –Pittsburgh,Monroeville	Eastern terminus and exit 85 on I-376; US 22 Bus. not signed; access toNorth Shore Destinations
Westmoreland	Penn Township	62.84	101.13		62	SR 130	PA 130	Proposed; construction expected to begin in 2035[502]
	North Huntingdon Township	67.22	108.18	1 7	67	Irwin	US 30 –Irwin,Greensburg,McKeesport	Signed for Greensburg eastbound, McKeesport westbound; western terminus of original roadway
	New Stanton	75.39	121.33	2 8	75	New Stanton	I-70 west toUS 119 /PA Turnpike 66 north –Greensburg,Wheeling, WV	Western end of I-70 concurrency; access to US 119/PA 66 via SR 3091; access toWashington, PA,Columbus, OH,Connellsville, andDelmont
	Hempfield Township	77.60	124.89	New Stanton Service Plaza (westbound)
	Donegal Township	90.69	145.95	3 9	91	Donegal	PA 31 toPA 711 –Ligonier,Uniontown
Somerset	Somerset	109.91	176.88	4 10	110	Somerset	ToUS 219 –Somerset,Johnstown	Access viaPA 281; access toFlight 93 National Memorial
	Somerset Township	112.30– 112.40	180.73– 180.89	North Somerset Service Plaza (westbound) South Somerset Service Plaza (eastbound)
	Stonycreek–Allegheny township line	122.7– 123.9	197.5– 199.4	Allegheny Mountain Tunnel
Bedford	Bedford Township	145.50	234.16	5 11	146	Bedford	ToI-99 north /US 220 –Bedford,Altoona	Access viaUS 220 Bus.; access toBlue Knob State Park,Shawnee State Park, andCumberland, MD
		147.30	237.06	North Midway Service Plaza (westbound) South Midway Service Plaza (eastbound)
	East Providence Township	161.50	259.91	6 12	161	Breezewood	I-70 east toUS 30 –Everett,Baltimore	Eastern end of I-70 concurrency; Everett not signed eastbound
Fulton	Taylor Township	172.30	277.29	Sideling Hill Service Plaza (both directions)
	Dublin Township	179.44	288.78	7 13	180	Fort Littleton	US 522 –McConnellsburg,Mount Union
Huntingdon–Franklin county line	Dublin–Metal township line	187.3– 188.3	301.4– 303.0	Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel
Franklin	Metal Township	188.59	303.51	8 14	189	Willow Hill	PA 75 –Willow Hill,Fort Loudon
	Fannett–Lurgan township line	198.5– 199.4	319.5– 320.9	Kittatinny Mountain Tunnel
	Lurgan Township	199.5– 200.3	321.1– 322.4	Blue Mountain Tunnel
		201.29	323.94	9 15	201	Blue Mountain	PA 997 –Shippensburg,Chambersburg
Cumberland	Hopewell Township	202.50	325.89	Blue Mountain Service Plaza (westbound)
	West Pennsboro Township	219.10	352.61	Cumberland Valley Service Plaza (eastbound)
	Middlesex Township	226.54	364.58	10/11 16	226	Carlisle	US 11 toI-81 –Carlisle,Harrisburg,Chambersburg	Signed for Harrisburg eastbound, Chambersburg westbound; access toUS Army War College andUS Army Heritage Center; replaced the former Middlesex Interchange;[501] eastern terminus of original roadway
	Upper Allen Township	236.22	380.16	17	236	Gettysburg Pike	US 15 –Gettysburg,Harrisburg	Access toHarrisburg State Capital
York	Fairview Township	241.87	389.25	18	242	Harrisburg West	I-83 –York,Baltimore,Harrisburg	Exit 39B on I-83; access toHarrisburg State Capital
Susquehanna River		246.5– 247.3	396.7– 398.0	Susquehanna River Bridge
Dauphin	Lower Swatara Township	247.38	398.12	19	247	Harrisburg East	I-283 north /PA 283 east –Harrisburg,Hershey	Southern terminus of I-283; exit 1A on PA 283; access toHarrisburg International Airport andHarrisburg State Capital
		249.70	401.85	Highspire Service Plaza (eastbound)
Dauphin–Lebanon county line	Conewago–South Londonderry township line	258.80	416.50	Lawn Service Plaza (westbound)
Lancaster	Rapho Township	266.45	428.81	20	266	Lebanon–Lancaster	PA 72 –Lebanon,Manheim,Lancaster	Signed for Manheim eastbound, Lancaster westbound; interchange name not signed eastbound; access toCornwall Iron Furnace State Historic Site andHershey
	East Cocalico Township	286.09	460.42	21	286	Reading	ToUS 222 /PA 272 –Reading,Ephrata,Lancaster	Access via Colonel Howard Boulevard; signed for Ephrata eastbound, Lancaster westbound; access toEphrata Cloister andLandis Valley Museum
	Brecknock Township	289.90	466.55	Bowmansville Service Plaza (eastbound)
	​	291	468	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
Berks	Caernarvon Township	298.33	480.12	22	298	Morgantown	I-176 north toPA 10 /PA 23 –Morgantown,Reading	Southern terminus of I-176; access toDaniel Boone Homestead State Historical Site
Chester	Wallace Township	304.80	490.53	Peter J. Camiel Service Plaza (westbound)
	​	310	500	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
	Uwchlan Township	311.93	502.00	23	312	Downingtown	PA 100 –Pottstown,West Chester	Access toHopewell Furnace National Historic Site
	​	312	502	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
	Charlestown–East Whiteland– Tredyffrin township tripoint	319.33	513.91	–	320	SR 29	PA 29 –Phoenixville,Malvern	Interchange name not signed
	​	322	518	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
	Tredyffrin Township	324.50	522.23	Valley Forge Service Plaza (eastbound)
Montgomery	Upper Merion Township	326.62	525.64	24	326	Valley Forge	I-76 east toI-476 /US 202 –Philadelphia,Valley Forge I-276 begins	Eastern end of I-76 concurrency; western terminus of I-276; access toValley Forge National Historical Park
		328.40	528.51	King of Prussia Service Plaza (westbound)
	​	331	533	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
	Schuylkill River	331.0– 331.3	532.7– 533.2	Schuylkill River Bridge
	Plymouth Township	331	533		331	Lafayette/Ridge[480]	Lafayette Street /Ridge Pike –Norristown	Proposed; construction expected to begin in 2028[478]
		333.28	536.36	25	333	Norristown	I-476 south –Chester,Norristown	I-476/Chester not signed westbound; access to Norristown via Plymouth Road; exit 20 on I-476
		334.5	538.3	–	–		I-476 Toll north /Penna Turnpike NE Extension north –Allentown	Southern terminus of Penna Turnpike NE Extension; formerPA 9; exit 20 on I-476
				25A	20	Mid-County	I-476 south –Chester	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; exit no. corresponds to I-476
	​	336	541	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
	Upper Dublin Township	338.36	544.54	26	339	Fort Washington	PA 309 –Philadelphia,Ambler	Access toHope Lodge State Historic Site
		339.80	546.86	26A[341]	340	Virginia Drive	Virginia Drive	Westbound exit and entrance; no trucks; interchange name not signed
	​	341	549	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
	Upper Moreland Township	342.91	551.86	27	343	Willow Grove	PA 611 –Doylestown,Jenkintown	Access toGraeme Park State Historic Site
	​	349	562	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
Bucks	Bensalem Township	351.49	565.67	28	351	Bensalem	US 1 toI-95 south –Philadelphia,Trenton	I-95 not signed westbound; formerly named the Philadelphia Interchange[503]
		351.89	566.31	–	352	Street Road	PA 132 (Street Road)	Eastbound exit (tolled) and entrance; interchange name not signed
		352.67	567.57	Toll Gantry (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate)
	Bristol Township	41.1	66.1	–	40		I-95 south –Philadelphia I-276 ends	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; eastern terminus of I-276; western end of I-95 concurrency; last westbound exit before toll
		42.4	68.2	29 358	42	Delaware Valley	US 13 –Levittown,Bristol
Delaware River		43.7	70.3	Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge (E-ZPass ortoll-by-plate; westbound toll)
				–	–		I-95 north /Pearl Harbor Extension east toN.J. Turnpike –New Jersey,New York	Continuation intoNew Jersey; eastern end of I-95 concurrency
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus       Electronic toll collection       Closed/former       Incomplete access       Route transition       Unopened

• Country music composer George Vaughn Horton wrotePennsylvania Turnpike, I Love You So, as performed byDick Todd.^[504]
• The 1973Billy Joel song "You're My Home" includes the lyric, "Home could be the Pennsylvania Turnpike".^[504]
• In 2000, the Pennsylvania Turnpike appeared in the Russian filmBrother 2.^[504]
• The lyrics to the 2004 song "Probable Cause" byWhy? references uses the Pennsylvania Turnpike as the song's setting.^[505]
• In 2009, the Pennsylvania Turnpike is used as a backdrop in the film adaptation ofCormac McCarthy's novelThe Road.^[504]

• List of toll roads in the United States

• Cupper, Dan (1990).The Pennsylvania Turnpike: A History. Lebanon, Pennsylvania: Applied Arts Publishers.ISBN 0-911410-90-2.OCLC 22150783.