Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex | |
 East portal of the Pennsylvania State Capitol at sunset with SpeakerK. Leroy Irvis Office Building in front | |
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| Location | Third, Walnut, Seventh and North Sts.,Harrisburg,Pennsylvania, United States |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 40°15′54″N76°52′56″W / 40.26500°N 76.88222°W /40.26500; -76.88222 |
| Area | 48 acres (19 ha) |
| Built | 1902 (1902) |
| Architect | Brunner, Arnold;Huston, Joseph M. |
| Architectural style | Renaissance,Italian Renaissance |
| NRHP reference No. | 77001162[1] (original) 13000287 (increase) |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | September 14, 1977 |
| Boundary increase | February 27, 2013 |
| Designated NHLD | September 20, 2006 |
ThePennsylvania State Capitol Complex is a large complex of state government buildings inHarrisburg,Pennsylvania. Set on more than 50 acres (20 ha) of downtown Harrisburg, it includes thePennsylvania State Capitol and a landscaped park environment with monuments, memorials, and other government buildings. It is bounded on the north by Forster Street, the east by North 7th Street, the south by Walnut Street, and the west by North 3rd Street. Most of this area (bounded on the north by North Street) is aNational Historic Landmark District, recognized in 2013 as a fully realized example of theCity Beautiful movement landscape and planning design ofArnold Brunner.[1][2]
The Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex is located in central downtown Harrisburg, four blocks east of theSusquehanna River. Its centerpiece is thePennsylvania State Capitol, constructed in 1902 - 1906 to a design byJoseph Miller Huston. The capitol is a nationally recognized example ofBeaux Arts architecture, and is known for its interior opulence and artwork. On the east side of the capitol is the East Wing, a 1987 extension that greatly expands the building's capacity without detracting from the surrounding landscape. Flanking the East Wing to the north and south are the North and South Office Buildings, begun in 1927 and 1919 respectively; they are similarly scaled and both built of Indianalimestone in the Classical Revival style, but have slightly different styling. South of the Capitol is the Ryan Office Building, the oldest building (completed 1894) of the complex. Between the two buildings a semicircular walkway provides access to them as well as the East Wing entrance to the Capitol, with a fountain in the center.[2]
Across Commonwealth Avenue east of the North and South Office Buildings, a pair of buildings extend the line of the North and South Buildings, with the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Grove, a park setting with many memorials and monuments in between. On the south side of the grove is the Forum, and the Finance Building is to the north. Both continue the use of Indiana limestone and Classical Revival styling. The easternmost portion of the complex is the Soldiers' and Sailor's Bridge, which connects the complex to neighborhoods across the railroad tracks that run east of North 7th Street.[2]
The complex has been extended across North Street to include the ModernistState Museum of Pennsylvania building and the adjacent Department of Transportation building.
The complex and greater area is protected full-time by thePennsylvania Capitol Police—its dedicated law enforcement agency—as well as theHarrisburg Bureau of Police, which patrols the entire city.
A Gathering at the Crossroads is a monument on the southern end of the complex near the corner of North Fourth Street and Walnut Street. It commemorates the 100 and 150-year anniversaries of the passing of theFifteenth Amendment andNineteenth Amendment.[3]
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| Building | Image | Address | Height | Floors | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania State Capitol |  | 501 North 3rd Street 40°15′52″N76°52′0″W / 40.26444°N 76.86667°W /40.26444; -76.86667 | 272 feet (83 m) | 5 | 1906 | Contains theHouse of Representatives,Senate, offices for thegovernor andlieutenant governor, and theSupreme Court's Harrisburg chamber |
| Rachel Carson State Office Building |  | 400 Market Street 40°15′44.6″N76°52′47.3″W / 40.262389°N 76.879806°W /40.262389; -76.879806 | 230 feet (70 m) | 17 | 1990 | Named for environmentalistRachel Carson. Contains the Departments ofConservation and Natural Resources andEnvironmental Protection |
| Labor and Industry Building | 651 Boas Street | 219 feet (67 m) | 18 | 1955 | Contains the Department of Labor and Industry. | |
| Governor's Residence |  | 2035 North Front Street | 21⁄2 | 1968 | Official residence of thegovernor of Pennsylvania | |
| Health and Welfare Building |  | 625 Forster Street | 143 feet (44 m) | 11 | 1955 | Contains the Departments ofHealth andPublic Welfare |
| Matthew Ryan Legislative Office Building |  | Southwardly adjacent to the Capitol Building | unknown | 2 | 1893 | Named for formerSpeaker of the Pennsylvania HouseMatthew J. Ryan. Contains offices for members of thePennsylvania House of Representatives. |
| Commonwealth Keystone Building |  | 400 North Street | unknown | 10 | 2001 | Houses offices of thePennsylvania Public Utility Commission ,Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and other state agencies. Replaced the 13-story Transportation and Safety Building which was built in 1963 and demolished in 1998 after being heavily damaged in a fire in 1994. |
| K. Leroy Irvis Office Building |  | 450 Commonwealth Avenue | unknown | 7 | 1921 | Named for formerSpeaker of the Pennsylvania HouseK. Leroy Irvis |
| North Office Building |  | 401 North Street | unknown | 7 | 1928 | |
| Northwest Office Building |  | Capital and Forster Streets | unknown | 7 | 1939 | Contains the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board. |
| Forum Building |  | 607 South Drive | unknown | 6 | 1931 | Contains theState Library |
| Finance Building |  | 613 North Street | unknown | 5 | 1939 | Contains thePennsylvania Treasury Department. |
| Pennsylvania Judicial Center |  | 601 Commonwealth Avenue | unknown | 9 | 2010 | Contains thePennsylvania Commonwealth Court. |
| Pennsylvania State Archives |  | 350 North Street | unknown | 20 | 1964 | |
| State Museum of Pennsylvania |  | North 3rd and North Streets | unknown | 5 | 1964 | |
| Strawberry Square |  | 303 Walnut Street | 204 feet (62 m) | 16 | 1980 | Houses the offices of the State Civil Service Commission as well as the State Department of Revenue |
| Forum Place | 555 Walnut Street | unknown | 9 | 1996 | Houses Office of Budget and Social Security | |
| 333 Market Street Tower |  | 333 Market Street | 341 feet (104 m) | 22 | 1978 | Houses the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Tallest building in Harrisburg and the tallest building in Pennsylvania outside of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. |
Harrisburg's Capitol Hill has been the seat of Pennsylvania state government since 1822, when its first capitol building was dedicated. That structure, much altered over the 19th century. In 1893 work began on what is now the Ryan Office Building. The first capitol burned down in 1897, and its replacement was abandoned in an unfinished state in 1899 after negative public and legislative response to its exterior. The present capitol was begun in 1902 and completed in 1906.[2]
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In the 1910s the state recognized the need for additional space, and acquired the area then known as the Eighth Ward, between Commonwealth Avenue and North 7th Street. Arnold Brunner was selected to develop a master landscaping and design plan for this space, which he did using then-fashionable City Beautiful principles. Although only small portions of his vision were realized in his lifetime (he died in 1925), the resulting landscape is very much in keeping with his original plans. The principal deviation is the area now occupied by the East Wing. Brunner had planned this as a "People's Forecourt", an open space whose landscaping would tie the Capitol and the North and South Buildings together visually. In execution, the area became a parking lot serving the capitol until the East Wing was built, providing a different and more modern type of visual unity.[2]
The Capitol building was listed on theNational Register of Historic Places in 1977, and was designated aNational Historic Landmark in 2006. The latter designation was expanded to include the entire area of the complex south of North Street in 2013.[2]
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