Genus of grasses
Cenchrus grass family , native totropical and warmtemperate regions of the world.[ 3] [ 6] Asia ,Africa ,Australia , theAmericas , and various oceanic islands.[ 7] [ 8]
Common names includebuffelgrasses ,sandburs , andsand spur . Such names allude to the sharp, spine-coveredburrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus.[ 9] Pennisetum /ˌ p ɛ n ɪ ˈ s iː t əm [ 10] fountaingrasses (fountain grasses ).[ 11] [ 12] [ 13] [ 14]
Pennisetum Cenchrus ,[ 15] [ 16] Cenchrus was derived fromPennisetum and the two are grouped in amonophyletic clade .[ 17] inflorescence , but this is often unreliable. In 2010, researchers proposed to transferPennisetum intoCenchrus , along with the related genusOdontelytrum [ 18] Cenchrus in Kew's Plants of the World Online database.[ 5]
The various species are native toAfrica ,Asia ,Australia , andLatin America , with some of them widely naturalized inEurope andNorth America , as well as on various oceanic islands.[ 19]
They are annual or perennial grasses. Some are petite while others can produce stems up to 8 meters tall.[ 16] inflorescence is a very dense, narrowpanicle containing fascicles of spikelets interspersed with bristles. There are three kinds of bristle, and some species have all three, while others do not. Some bristles are coated in hairs, sometimes long, showy, plumelike hairs that inspired the genus name, theLatin penna ("feather") andseta ("bristle").[ 16]
The genus includespearl millet (P. glaucum ), an important food crop.Napier grass (P. purpureum ) is used for grazing livestock in Africa.
Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, notablyP. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. orientale, P. setaceum, and P. villosum .Thecultivar 'Fairy Tails' is a recipient of theRoyal Horticultural Society 'sAward of Garden Merit .[ 20] [ 21]
InvasiveCenchrus setaceus lava flow inHawaii ManyPennisetum grasses arenoxious weeds , includingfeathertop grass (P. villosum ) andkikuyu grass (P. clandestinum ), which is also a popular and hardy turf grass in some parts of the world.
The herbage and seeds of these grasses are food forherbivores , such as thechestnut-breasted mannikin (Lonchura castaneothorax ), thecaterpillar of the butterflyMelanitis phedima larvae of thefly genusDelia
The genus is a host of thepathogenic fungus Cochliobolus sativus
Cenchrus alopecuroides Cenchrus hohenackeri Cenchrus orientalis Cenchrus pedicellatus Cenchrus alopecuroides 107 species are currently accepted.[ 5] [ 22] [ 23] [ 24] [ 25]
Cenchrus abyssinicus (Hack.) Morrone – Ethiopia, Tanzania, Yemen,Limpopo ,Mpumalanga Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin. kāmanomano –Hawaiian Islands Cenchrus alopecuroides (L.) Thunb. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone Cenchrus annuus (Mez) Morrone Cenchrus arnhemicus (F.Muell.) Morrone – Australia (Western Australia and Northern Territory)Cenchrus articularis (Trin.) M.W.Tornab. & W.L.Wagner Cenchrus basedowii (Summerh. & C.E.Hubb.) Morrone Cenchrus beckeroides (Leeke) ined. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. kram-kram – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, and MadagascarCenchrus brevisetosus (B.K.Simon) B.K.Simon – Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland)Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. – North America, South America, and West IndiesCenchrus cafer (Bory) Veldkamp Cenchrus caliculatus Cav. – Australia, New Zealand, and assorted islands in the Pacific and Indian oceansCenchrus caudatus (Schrad.) Kuntze Cenchrus chilensis (É.Desv.) Morrone Cenchrus ciliaris L. – buffelgrass – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, and Sicily; naturalized as a nutritious arid pasture lands in parts of North and South America, Australia,[ 26] Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone Cenchrus complanatus (Nees) Morrone Cenchrus × cupreus (Thorpe) Govaerts Cenchrus distachyus (E.Fourn.) Morrone Cenchrus distichophyllus Griseb. – CubaCenchrus divisus (J.F.Gmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler Cenchrus domingensis (Spreng. ex Schult.) Morrone Cenchrus durus (Beal) Morrone Cenchrus echinatus L. – common sandbur – North America, South America, and West Indies; naturalized in parts of Africa, southern Asia, and various islandsCenchrus elegans (Hassk.) Veldkamp – MalesiaCenchrus elymoides F.Muell. – Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland)Cenchrus exiguus (Mez) ined. Cenchrus flaccidus (Griseb.) Morrone Cenchrus flexilis (Mez) Morrone Cenchrus foermerianus (Leeke) Morrone Cenchrus geniculatus Thunb. Cenchrus glaucifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Rudov Cenchrus gracilescens (Hochst.) Zon Cenchrus gracillimus Nash – West Indies and southeastern USACenchrus henryanus (F.Br.) M.W.Tornab. & W.L.Wagner Cenchrus hohenackeri (Hochst. ex Steud.) Morrone Cenchrus hordeoides (Lam.) Morrone Cenchrus intectus (Chase) Morrone Cenchrus lanatus (Klotzsch) Morrone Cenchrus latifolius (Spreng.) Morrone Cenchrus laxius (Clayton) Zon Cenchrus ledermannii (Mez) ined. Cenchrus longisetus M.C.Johnst. Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fern. – mat sandbur – Canada, USA, and MexicoCenchrus longissimus (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone Cenchrus × longistylus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Thulin & S.M.Phillips Cenchrus massaicus (Stapf) Morrone Cenchrus mezianus (Leeke) Morrone Cenchrus michoacanus H.F.Gut. & Morrone Cenchrus mitis Andersson – Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and MozambiqueCenchrus monostigma (Pilg.) Morrone Cenchrus multiflorus J.Presl – Mexico, Central AmericaCenchrus mutilatus Kuntze Cenchrus myosuroides Kunth – North America, South America, and West IndiesCenchrus nanus (Engl.) ined. Cenchrus nervosus (Nees) Kuntze Cenchrus nodiflorus (Franch.) Zon Cenchrus nubicus (Hochst.) Zon Cenchrus occidentalis (Chase) Morrone Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone Cenchrus palmeri Vasey –Baja California ,Baja California Sur ,Sonora ,Sinaloa , and ArizonaCenchrus pennisetiformis Steud. – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Indian SubcontinentCenchrus peruvianus (Trin.) Morrone Cenchrus petiolaris (Hochst.) Morrone Cenchrus pilcomayensis (Mez) Morrone Cenchrus pilosus Kunth – central Mexico to northern ChileCenchrus pirottae (Chiov.) Zon Cenchrus platyacanthus Andersson –Galápagos Cenchrus prieurii (Kunth) Maire –Sahara , Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, andMyanmar Cenchrus preslii (Kunth) ined. Cenchrus procerus (Stapf) Morrone Cenchrus prolificus (Chase) Morrone Cenchrus pseudotriticoides (A.Camus) Voronts. Cenchrus pumilus (Hack.) ined. Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone – Africa and OmanCenchrus qianningensis (S.L.Zhong) Morrone Cenchrus ramosus (Hochst.) Morrone Cenchrus rigidus (Griseb.) Morrone Cenchrus riparius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Morrone Cenchrus robustus R.D.Webster – Queensland and New South WalesCenchrus rupestris (Chase) Morrone Cenchrus sagittatus (Henrard) Morrone Cenchrus schweinfurthii (Pilg.) Zon Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone – tender fountain grass, crimson fountaingrass – northern Africa and southwestern Asia; naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, and scattered places in Europe and the AmericasCenchrus setiger Vahl – Sahara, East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, andAndaman and Nicobar Islands Cenchrus shaanxiensis (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone Cenchrus sichuanensis (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone Cenchrus sieberianus (Schltdl.) Verloove Cenchrus somalensis Clayton – SomaliaCenchrus sphacelatus (Nees) Morrone Cenchrus spinifex Cav. – coastal sandbur – North America, South America, and West IndiesCenchrus squamulatus (Fresen.) Morrone Cenchrus stramineus (Peter) Morrone Cenchrus tempisquensis (R.W.Pohl) Morrone Cenchrus thulinii (S.M.Phillips) Morrone Cenchrus trachyphyllus (Pilg.) Morrone Cenchrus tribuloides L. – sanddune sandbur – North America, South America, and West IndiesCenchrus trisetus (Leeke) Morrone Cenchrus tristachyus (Kunth) Kuntze Cenchrus uliginosus (Hack.) ined. Cenchrus unisetus (Nees) Morrone Cenchrus violaceus (Lam.) Morrone Cenchrus weberbaueri (Mez) Morrone Cenchrus yemensis (Deflers) Rudov & Akhani Formerly included[ 22] Several species are now considered better suited to other genera:Anthephora ,Centotheca ,Dactyloctenium ,Echinaria ,Echinolaena ,Hackelochloa ,Hilaria ,Pennisetum ,Phragmites ,Scleria ,Setaria ,Trachys ,Tragus ,Tribolium
^ "Genus:Cenchrus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. 9 March 1999. Archived fromthe original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved6 March 2011 .^ lectotype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 193 (1929) ^a b Tropicos,Cenchrus L. ^ NRCS ."Cenchrus longispinus " .PLANTS Database .United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved8 November 2024 .Britton, N.L., and A. Brown, 1913,An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions . 3 vols. Provided by Kentucky Native Plant Society, New York. ^a b c Cenchrus L.Plants of the World Online ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 1049–1050 in Latin^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 552蒺藜草属 ji li cao shuCenchrus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genereCenchrus includes photos and range maps for several species^ "What is a Sandspur anyway?" . shelkey.org. 20 October 2008. Archived fromthe original on 16 August 2009. Retrieved13 November 2009 .^ Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–07.^ Pennisetum .^ Pennisetum .^ Pennisetum .^ Identified gaps forPennisetum genepool. Archived 25 July 2011 at theWayback Machine Crop Wild Relatives. CIAT.^ Martel, E., et al. (2004).Chromosome evolution ofPennisetum species (Poaceae): implications of ITS phylogeny. Plant Systematics and Evolution 249(3–4), 139–49. ^a b c Wipff, J. K.Pennisetum Rich. ^ Ozias-Akins, P. , et al. (2003).Molecular characterization of the genomic region linked with apomixis inPennisetum /Cenchrus . Functional & Integrative Genomics, 3(3) , 94–104.^ Chemisquy, M. A., et al. (2010).Phylogenetic studies favour the unification ofPennisetum ,Cenchrus andOdontelytrum (Poaceae): a combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations inCenchrus . Annals of Botany 106(1), 107–30. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ^ "Pennisetum 'Fairy Tails' . RHS. Retrieved12 June 2019 .^ "AGM Plants – Ornamental" (PDF) . Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 107. Retrieved12 June 2019 .^a b "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" .^ "Cenchrus " .Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved6 March 2011 .^ "GRIN Species Records ofCenchrus " .Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. Archived fromthe original on 8 May 2009. Retrieved6 March 2011 .^ The Plant List search for Cenchrus ^ Henry DR Pasture plants of Southern Inland Queensland. DPI. 1995 Wikimedia Commons has media related to
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