Pengshui 彭水县 | |
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彭水苗族土家族自治县 Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County | |
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 Location of Pengshui County in Chongqing | |
| Coordinates:29°17′39″N108°09′49″E / 29.29417°N 108.16361°E /29.29417; 108.16361 | |
| Country | China |
| Municipality | Chongqing |
| County seat | Hanjia Subdistrict |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,903 km2 (1,507 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
• Total | 530,599 |
| • Density | 135.9/km2 (352.1/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | www |
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County (simplified Chinese:彭水苗族土家族自治县;traditional Chinese:彭水苗族土家族自治縣;pinyin:Péngshuǐ Miáozú Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn) is anautonomous county for theMiao andTujia people located in southeasternChongqing, China, borderingGuizhou province to the south and southwest andHubei province to the northeast.[2] It is 270 kilometres (170 mi) away from downtown Chongqing.[citation needed]
The county spans an area of 3,903 square kilometres (1,507 sq mi),[3] and has a population of 545,094 as of 2010.[4] The county's government is located inHanjia Subdistrict [zh].[2]
During theShang andZhou dynasties, the region of contemporary Pengshui belonged to theState of Ba.[4] During theWarring States period, the area belonged to theQianzhong Commandery, which would later be incorporated intoQin dynasty China.[4]
During the Han dynasty, the area would be reorganized as Fuling County (Chinese:涪陵縣).[4]
Under theSui dynasty,[4] in 593 CE,[citation needed] the area was organized as Pengshui County (Chinese:彭水縣).[4]Pengshui means "Peng River",[4] which was the old name for theYu River.[citation needed] During theTang dynasty, Pengshui County was put under the administration ofShannan Circuit [zh] andQianzhong Circuit [zh].[4] Under theSong dynasty, Pengshui was administered byQian Prefecture [zh].[4] Under theYuan dynasty, it was administered byShaoqing Fu [zh].[4] By 1645 during theQing dynasty, it was part of Chongqing Prefecture (Chinese:重慶府).[citation needed] In 1913 (Republic of China), it was part of DongchuanCircuit (Chinese:東川道).[citation needed] In 1927, it was reassigned to the Changgong Bureau (Chinese:長公署) ofSichuan Province.[citation needed] And in 1935, of the Eighth Administrative Inspection Area (Chinese:第八行政督察區) of Sichuan.[citation needed]
On November 16, 1949, Pengshui was captured by thecommunists. In January[citation needed] 1950, it was put under the jurisdiction ofFuling Prefecture [zh],[4] under the Chuandong administrative territory (Chinese:川東行署涪陵專區).[citation needed] In September 1952, Fuling Special District was transferred to Sichuan, and was changed to aprefecture in June 1968.[citation needed]
On November 14,[citation needed] 1983 Pengshui was approved as anautonomous county.[4] The official status began November 10 of the following year.[citation needed] In 1987, it was assigned toQianjiang Prefecture [zh].[4] In June[citation needed] 1997, it fell under the administration ofChongqing, which it remains today.[4]
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County is located in theSichuan Basin along theWu River,[2] in the mountainous region ofWuling.[citation needed] A total of 54.2% of Pengshui is covered by forest.[3] Geographic coordinates: 28°57′ – 29° 51′ North, 107°48′ – 108°36′ East.[citation needed] Altitude of the seat: 245 m (804 ft).[citation needed]
The county is home to three peaks over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level: Qiliangzi (Chinese:七梁子) at 1,434 metres (4,705 ft), Baila Mountain (Chinese:白蜡山) at 1,393 metres (4,570 ft), and Fenghuang Mountain (Chinese:凤凰山) at 1,048 metres (3,438 ft).[2]
Neighbours:[citation needed]
The county's average annual temperature is 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), and the average annual precipitation is 1,235 millimetres (48.6 in).[2]
| Climate data for Pengshui, elevation 322 m (1,056 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.1 (70.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 34.8 (94.6) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.9 (98.4) | 40.1 (104.2) | 41.8 (107.2) | 42.5 (108.5) | 41.5 (106.7) | 35.7 (96.3) | 28.2 (82.8) | 20.7 (69.3) | 42.5 (108.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.6 (63.7) | 23.4 (74.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 29.9 (85.8) | 33.6 (92.5) | 34.0 (93.2) | 28.9 (84.0) | 22.5 (72.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 11.7 (53.1) | 22.4 (72.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.9 (64.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 24.6 (76.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.5 (81.5) | 23.6 (74.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 13.6 (56.5) | 8.7 (47.7) | 17.7 (63.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) | 6.8 (44.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.2 (64.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.7 (74.7) | 20.5 (68.9) | 16.0 (60.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 6.8 (44.2) | 14.9 (58.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) | −0.8 (30.6) | 0.8 (33.4) | 6.1 (43.0) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.1 (59.2) | 17.6 (63.7) | 16.7 (62.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 1.9 (35.4) | −1.3 (29.7) | −1.3 (29.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 22.8 (0.90) | 30.3 (1.19) | 56.3 (2.22) | 110.0 (4.33) | 188.2 (7.41) | 193.3 (7.61) | 190.0 (7.48) | 144.8 (5.70) | 114.3 (4.50) | 113.3 (4.46) | 59.7 (2.35) | 19.7 (0.78) | 1,242.7 (48.93) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.1 | 11.1 | 14.0 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 12.3 | 10.2 | 161.9 |
| Average snowy days | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 78 | 78 | 77 | 78 | 80 | 81 | 78 | 75 | 78 | 83 | 83 | 80 | 79 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 27.9 | 29.5 | 54.3 | 77.3 | 88.2 | 86.4 | 139.5 | 148.9 | 90.6 | 55.2 | 45.3 | 31.1 | 874.2 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 9 | 9 | 15 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 33 | 37 | 25 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 19 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
As of the2010 Chinese Census, the county had a population 545,094, down from the 590,228 reported in the2000 Chinese Census.[4] In 1996, the county had an estimated population of 587,000.[4]
59.5% of Pengshui residents are members of the following 11ethnic minorities:Miao,Tujia,Mongols,Hui,Gelao,Dong,Tibetans,Manchus,Zhuang,Yi, andHani.[citation needed] There are 270,000 Miao and 90,000 Tujia in Pengshui.[citation needed]
The county administers 3subdistricts, 18towns, and 18townships.[7]
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Mineral deposits in the county includecoal,barite,marble,fluorite, andcalcite.[2]
TheChongqing–Huaihua railway runs through the county.[2] Major expressways which pass through the county include theG65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway andNational Highway 319.[2]
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