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Peng'im

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Romanization for the Teochow Southern Min Chinese language

Transliteration of Chinese
Mandarin
Wu
Yue
Min
Gan
Hakka
Xiang
Polylectal
See also
This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Peng'im[1] (simplified Chinese:潮州话拼音方案;traditional Chinese:潮州話拼音方案:Diê⁵ziu¹uê⁷ Pêng¹im¹ huang¹uan³ (Teochew)Dio⁵ziu¹uê⁷ Pêng¹im¹ huang¹uan³ (Swatow),Pe̍h-ūe-jī:Tiê-chiu-ūe Pheng-im Huang-uàⁿ orTiô-chiu-ūe Pheng-im Huang-uàⁿ,Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Tiê-chiu-ōe Pheng-im Hoang-òaⁿ orTiô-chiu-ōe Pheng-im Hoang-òaⁿ) is aTeochew language romanization system as a part ofGuangdong Romanization published by Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960. The tone of this system is based on theSwatow dialect. The system uses theLatin alphabet to transcribe pronunciation and numbers to notetones.

Before that, another system calledPe̍h-ūe-jī, which was introduced by the missionaries in 1875, had been widely used. Since Teochew has high phonetic similarity withHokkien, anotherSouthern Min variety,Pe̍h-ōe-jī andTai-lo can also be used to transcribe Teochew. The namePeng'im is a transcription of "拼音" using this system.

Contents

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Alphabet

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This system uses theLatin alphabet, but does not include f, j, q, v, w, x, or y. ê is the letter e withcircumflex.

Initials

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There are 18initials.Syllables not starting with consonants are calledzero initials.

Initials
BilabialAlveolarVelarGlottal
Voiced (no frictions)nasalm[m]n[n]ng[ŋ]
plosive orlateralbh[b]l[l] 來/內gh[g] 鵝/牙
Voicelessstopsaspiratedp[]t[]k[]
plainb[p]d[t]g[k][ʔ]
Voicelessaffricatesaspiratedc[tsʰ]
plainz[ts]
Fricativess[s] 士/速h[h] 海/系
r[(d)z]

b and g can also be used as ending consonants.

Finals

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There are 59 finals :

Finals of Teochew dialect
ClassesOpen vowelMid vowelClose vowel
Open Syllablei[i]u[u]
a[a]ia[ia]ua[ua]
o[o]io[io]
ê[e][ue]
e[ɯ]
ai[ai]uai[uai]
oi[oi]ui[ui]
ao[au]
ou[ou]iou[iou]
iu[iu]
Nasal vowelin[ĩ]
an[ã]ian[ĩã]uan[ũã]
ion[ĩõ]
ên[ẽ]
en[ɯ̃]
ain[ãĩ]
oin[õĩ]
Nasal Codaim[im]
am[am][庵][2]iam[iam]uam[uam]
ing[iŋ]ung[uŋ]
ang[aŋ]iang[iaŋ]uang[uaŋ]
ong[oŋ]iong[ioŋ]
êng[eŋ]
Checked toneih[iʔ]
ah[aʔ]iah[iaʔ]uah[uaʔ]
oh[oʔ]ioh[ioʔ]
êh[eʔ]
oih[oiʔ]
ib[ip̚]
ab[ap̚]iab[iap̚]uab[uap̚]
ig[ik̚]ug[uk̚]
ag[ak̚] [惡][2]iag[iak̚]uag[uak̚] 蕕[獲][2]
og[ok̚]iog[iok̚]
êg[ek̚]

Tones

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8 tones of Teochew dialect[3]
Tones陰平(dark flat)陰上(dark rising)陰去(dark departing)陰入(dark entering)陽平(light flat)陽上(light rising)陽去(light departing)陽入(light entering)
Tone value335221325535114
Examples詩、分死、粉世、訓薛、忽時、雲是、混示、份蝕、佛
Symbols12345678
Notations[4]aáàahâăāáh

Symbols of tones are notated at the top right of consonants or vowels which have toploudness.[5][6] For example:

  • 詩 – si1
  • 死 – si2
  • 世 – si3
  • 薛 – sih4

Differences in rime

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This is a list of differences in rime in dialects of Teochew by regions. Tone inRaoping is almost same as inSwatow.[7] Only general differences are listed, some certain distinctions of certain words are not listed.

SwatowRaopingChaozhouChenghaiPuning[8]JieyangChaoyangHaifengExamples
eeui餘,許,豬,祠
oiôiei
uinuiuiuain跪,櫃
oinoin/êngainainainain閒,殿
oiheih
iao/iouiaoiouiouio/iao搖,要
ioieieio
ionienienion
iohiehiehioh借,惜,藥,石
am[am]ang[aŋ]am[am]
ab[ap]ag[ak]ap
iam[iam]iem[iem]iang[iaŋ]iam[iam]
iab[iap]ieb[iep]iag [iak]iap
im[im]ing [iŋ]im
ib[ip]ig [ik]ip
ang[aŋ]ang
ag [ak]âk
iang[iaŋ]iêng[ieŋ]iang
iag [iak]iêg[iek]iâk傑,設
uang[uaŋ]uêng[ueŋ]uâng全,完,緣,彎
uag [uak]uêg [uek]uâk
eng [ɯŋ]eng/ingêng/ungêng[eŋ]ing[iŋ]ng/eng
eg [ɯk]êg [ek]êg [ek]ig[ik]
ing[iŋ]ingêng[eŋ]in[in]
ung[uŋ]ungun[un]

References

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  1. ^Tan, Charlene Gia Lim (July 26, 2018).An Introduction To The Culture And History Of The Teochews In Singapore. World Scientific.ISBN 978-981-323-937-1.
  2. ^abc廣州話、客家話、潮汕話與普通話對照詞典(2005年),第545頁。
  3. ^Chaoyang region does not distinguish light rising and dark departing, Huilai does not distinguish light and dark departing.
  4. ^声调.潮州字典,[2012-8-18]
  5. ^"Teochew · Mogher – 潮州音字典""Archived copy". Archived fromthe original on March 8, 2016. RetrievedJune 19, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).
  6. ^"潮州話拼音方案ChaoZhou Dialect Romanization Scheme""Min – Chaozhou Dialect". Archived fromthe original on January 11, 2010. RetrievedJanuary 11, 2010., Min-Chaozhou.
  7. ^潮州話拼音方案(2003年),根據“潮汕方言韻母內部差異表”章節。
  8. ^根据里湖音、洪阳音和流沙音编写。
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A map showing the geographical distribution of the primary varieties of Min Chinese.
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