| Penelopides | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Visayan hornbill (Penelopides panini) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Bucerotiformes |
| Family: | Bucerotidae |
| Genus: | Penelopides Reichenbach, 1849 |
| Type species | |
| Buceros panini[1] Boddaert, 1783 | |
| Species | |
2-5, see text | |
Penelopides is thegenus of relatively small, primarilyfrugivoroushornbills restricted to forested areas of thePhilippines. Theircommon name,tarictic hornbills, is anonomatopoetic reference to the main call of several of them. They have a ridged plate-like structure on the base of their mandible. All aresexually dimorphic: males of all species are whitish-buff and black, while females of all except the Mindoro hornbill are primarily black.
The genusPenelopides was introduced in 1849 by the German naturalistLudwig Reichenbach in a plate of the hornbills.[2] Thetype species was subsequently designated as theVisayan hornbill (Penelopides panini) by the English zoologistGeorge Gray.[3][4] The origin of Reichenbach's generic name is uncertain. It may be a combination of the Latinpene meaning "almost" or "nearly", theAncient Greeklophos meaning "crest" and-oidēs "resembling".[5]
While thetaxonomic history of the Sulawesi hornbill has been uneventful, the number of species in thePhilippine Archipelago has been greatly debated. Traditionally, only a single Philippine species was recognized, the tarictic hornbill (P. panini). Following a review, it was recommended that it should be split into fourallopatric species, the Visayan (P. panini), Luzon (P. manillae), Mindanao (P. affinis), and Mindoro (P. mindorensis). Today most authorities accept this split, although some have recommended splitting the Samar (P. samarensis) from the Mindanao.[clarification needed]
The genus contains five species:[6]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Penelopides panini | Visayan hornbill | islands of Panay, Negros, Masbate, and Guimaras, and formerly Ticao, in the Philippines. |
 | Penelopides manillae | Luzon hornbill | Luzon and nearby islands in the northern Philippines |
 | Penelopides affinis | Mindanao hornbill | Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao and Basilan in the southern Philippines |
| Penelopides samarensis | Samar hornbill | islands of Samar, Calicoan, Leyte and Bohol in the east-central Philippines | |
| Penelopides mindorensis | Mindoro hornbill | Mindoro in the Philippines |
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