| Pendlebury | |
|---|---|
_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1775926.jpg) St John's Church, Pendlebury | |
  Pendlebury Location withinGreater Manchester | |
| Population | 13,069 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | SD790012 |
| • London | 167 mi (269 km)SE |
| Metropolitan borough | |
| Metropolitan county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | MANCHESTER |
| Postcode district | M27 |
| Dialling code | 0161 |
| Police | Greater Manchester |
| Fire | Greater Manchester |
| Ambulance | North West |
| UK Parliament | |
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Pendlebury is a town in theCity of Salford,Greater Manchester, England.[1] The population at the 2011 Census was 13,069.[2] It lies 4 miles (6 km) north-west ofManchester, 3 miles (5 km) north-west ofSalford and 6 miles (10 km) south-east ofBolton.
Historically in Lancashire, Pendlebury, together with the neighbouring settlements ofSwinton andClifton, formed themunicipal borough ofSwinton and Pendlebury.[1] Pendlebury saw extensive coal extraction from several collieries until the closure ofAgecroft Colliery in the 1990s.
Pendlebury is formed from theCelticpen meaning hill andburh a settlement.[3] The township was variously recorded as Penelbiri, Pennilbure, Pennebire and Pennesbyry in the 13th century, Penilburi in 1300, Penulbury in 1332; Penhulbury in 1358, Pendulbury in 1561 and Pendlebury after 1567.[4]
In 1199King John confirmed a gift of acarucate of land called Peneberi to Ellis son of Robert. He had made the grant when he wasCount of Mortain (1189–99) and confirmed it when he became king in a deed signed atLe Mans in France.[5] Ellis was described asMaster Sergeant ofSalford and a benefactor ofCockersand Abbey.
In 1201 Pendlebury was linked to themanor of Shoresworth to the south (described as "oneoxgang of land") before Shoreworth became part ofPendleton. The manors of Pendlebury and Shoresworth were held of the king inthegnage by a rent of 12shillings in 1212. Ellis died in or about 1216, and his son Adam succeeded to his manor andserjeanty. In 1274 Ellis, son of Roger came to a violent death, and Amabel, his widow claimed dower in various lands against Roger de Pendlebury. A short time afterwards, Amabel having received herdower, she and Roger de Pendlebury had to defend a suit brought by Adam de Pendlebury, who satisfied the jury of his title to the manor. Ellis had a brother, William and daughters Maud, Lettice and Beatrice. Maud married Adam son of Alexander dePilkington ofPilkington, and had a daughter Cecily. The manor was sold before 1300 to Adam dePrestwich. The new lord of Pendlebury married Alice de Woolley daughter of Richard son of Henry dePontefract, the eventual heir was his daughter Alice, wife of Jordan de Tetlow. Her heir was her daughter, Joan, who married Richard de Langley, and the manor descended with the Langleys until the end of the 16th century. Robert Langley died 19 September 1561, leaving four daughters as co-heirs. On the division of the estates, Agecroft, and lands in Pendlebury, became the portion of Anne, who married William Dauntesey, fromWiltshire. The manor of Pendlebury was claimed by the Daunteseys for some time, but was afterwards held with Prestwich, descending in the Coke family until about 1780, when it was sold to PeterDrinkwater of Irwell House, Prestwich.[4]
Agecroft Hall, theTudor home of theLord of the Manor of Pendlebury, stood on rising ground on the west side of the River Irwell, where it flows southwards towards Salford andManchester between the high ground ofKersal andPrestwich to the east and north, andIrlams o' th' Height and Pendlebury on the west. Building probably began towards the end of the reign ofHenry VII. In 1666, of the thirty-fivehearths liable for tax in Pendlebury, Agecroft Hall the only large house had eleven hearths.[4]
At the end of the 19th century, industrialisation swept through the Irwell Valley. Collieries were sunk around Agecroft Hall,railway tracks cut across the manor and a dirty lake formed on the edge of the estate. The house fell into disrepair and was sold at auction in 1925 to Mr and Mrs Thomas C Williams. The structure was dismantled, crated, shipped across theAtlantic, and painstakingly reassembled inWindsor Farms,Richmond, Virginia, United States. Agecroft Hall is re-created as a tourist attraction on the banks of theJames River, in a setting chosen to be reminiscent of its original site at Agecroft near theRiver Irwell.[6]
The Langley name is remembered locally by having several streets, Langley Road, Langley Mill andLangley housing estate inMiddleton named after the family. Agecroft Hall Estate is a recently built housing estate on Agecroft Road (A6044), named after the hall.
Pendlebury saw extensive coal extraction until the closure ofAgecroft Colliery in the 1990s.Wheatsheaf Colliery was on Bolton Road between Carrington Street and City Walk on what is now the Wheatsheaf Industrial Estate and Newtown Colliery (on the Clifton/Newtown, Pendlebury boundary, bounded by Manchester Road/Bolton Road (A666), Billy Lane, Rake Lane and the pit lodge ('the Dam'), which later became known as "Queensmere"). Agecroft Colliery reopened in 1960 following an investment of £9,000,000 and seven years of establishment works. Agecroft stood on the site of Lumn's Colliery[dubious –discuss] which had an unusual arrangement of winding gear concealed in three huge towers – the tallest of which was 174 feet (53 m) high and which was abandoned in 1932. After 1947 Agecroft Colliery sent much of its coal to theCEGB'sAgecroft Power Station, via a conveyor belt system that crossed a bridge over Agecroft Road. Mining finished in 1990, and the Agecroft Colliery site is now home to the Agecroft Commerce Park.
TheKearsley, Clifton, Pendlebury and Pendleton Miners' Association was established in 1888 and became the Pendlebury Branch of theNational Union of Mineworkers in 1959. With the decline of the industry, the once popular Pendlebury Miners' Club (at the top of Temple Drive, Swinton) was demolished in the 1990s.
Pendlebury was formerly atownship in the parish of Eccles,[7] in 1866 Pendlebury became a separatecivil parish,[8] 1 April 1933 the parish was abolished to formSwinton and Pendlebury.[9] In 1931 the parish had a population of 9335.[10]
Pendlebury was joined withSwinton in 1875 to form alocal board of health area and was later governed by the Swinton and PendleburyUrban District Council.[4] Incorporation ofClifton into theMunicipal Borough ofSwinton and Pendlebury was a result of the abolition of the predecessor,Barton-upon-IrwellUrban District.
Swinton and Pendlebury was a municipal borough of theadministrative county of Lancashire, which contained Pendlebury, Swinton and Clifton. It received aCharter of Incorporation from the 18thEarl of Derby on 29 September 1934 at a ceremony inVictoria Park, Swinton when council meetings were held in Victoria House in the park. The newborough council required larger premises and launched a competition to design a new town hall. The winners were architects SirPercy Thomas and Ernest Prestwich. The site ofSwintonIndustrial Schools on Chorley Road in Swinton was purchased for £12,500 and the foundation stone of thenew town hall laid on 17 October 1936. It opened on 17 September 1938 and since 1 April 1974 has been the administrative headquarters of the enlargedSalford City Council.[11]
The Borough of Swinton and Pendlebury was amalgamated into theCity of Salford in 1974 as a result oflocal government reforms.
In terms of parliamentary representation, the town was until 2010 part of theEccles constituency. Since then it has been part of theSalford and Eccles constituency.
Pendlebury is situated on a ridge overlooking the lowerIrwell Valley, almost midway between Manchester and Bolton and is neighboured byIrlams o' th' Height, Pendleton and Clifton. Much of the boundary between Pendlebury and Clifton is defined by Slack Brook which was culverted many years ago after the area was used for landfill. Slack Brook eventually empties into the Irwell a short distance upstream from Agecroft Road Bridge (A6044). The surface of the land slopes generally upwards from southwest (Swinton) to northeast (Irwell Valley), from about 120 feet (40 m) to nearly 300 feet (90 m) above the ordnance datum.[4] However, the topography of the land around Lumn's Lane has changed due to the dumping of mining waste from the former collieries and the area has been used as alandfill site by theGreater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority since 1982, taking ten percent of Greater Manchester's waste each year.[12]
The town has a mix of industrial and residential areas despite the closure of its mines and most of itscotton mills.
In the 19th century the manufacture and printing of cottons were the principal industries of the town,[4] although most of these industries have disappeared. The only mill left is the Newtown Mill on Lees Street. It was acquired by Vanguard Holdings Ltd in January 2008 and converted into a business centre.
TheGreater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service (Fire Brigade) has its headquarters on Bolton Road, between the junctions with Agecroft Road and Hospital Road.
Acme Mill was situated south of the Manchester-Wigan railway line on the eastern side Swinton Hall Road. It was demolished in the 1980s to make way for a small housing estate. Swinton Hall Road, between its junction with Bolton Road and the Swinton parish boundary, was originally called Bury Lane, and should not be confused with the original name of Station Road (B5231) – Burying Lane – which is the main road link between Swinton (A6) and Pendlebury (A666). The remaining section of Swinton Hall Road, between the Swinton parish boundary (near junction with Temple Drive) and Station Road, was known as Jane Lane.
The site of the demolishedAgecroft Power Station is occupied byForest Bank Prison. Development of the site of the formerAgecroft Colliery into an industrial park has provided some employment in the town.
Pendlebury is the starting point of theA666 Bolton Road, which runs through the district from its junction with the A6/A580 at the Pendlebury/Irlams o' th' Height boundary. It was the main route between Manchester and Bolton before the opening of theM61 motorway.
TheManchester, Bolton and Bury Canal opened in 1809 and, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, provided the main means of transporting the coal from the collieries; many of these set up tramway links to the canal. Coal was taken to Bolton,Bury, Radcliffe and Salford, and across the River Irwell to Manchester. In 1905, over half a million tons of coal a year was carried. Lengths of the canal subsided due to mining subsidence; maps from 1881 to 1882 show areas of coal under the canal were bought by the canal company to safeguard it from subsidence.
The canal became disused after 1924 and closed in 1961, though coal was still carried for a short distance to Bury until 1968. A canal restoration society was founded in 1987 and persuaded Bury, Bolton and Salford councils to protect the line of the canal from development; restoration was announced byBritish Waterways in 2002.
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The nearest railway station isSwinton, which is actually located on the Pendlebury side of the boundary. It is sited on theManchester to Southport Line betweenWigan andManchester Victoria.Northern Trains operates regular services to Manchester,Wigan North Western,Wigan Wallgate,Blackburn andLeeds.
Pendlebury railway station was also sited on this line for over 80 years, until its closure on Saturday 1 October 1960 byBritish Railways due to low usage.Irlams o' th' Height railway station, in the eastern extremity of the borough, was closed for similar reasons four years earlier.
Pendlebury was on a line betweenPatricroft, on theManchester to Liverpool line, andClifton Junction, until theBlack Harry Tunnel collapse of 1953; this caused five deaths when two houses from Temple Drive in Swinton collapsed into the void. The line never reopened and much of its length is now a recreational footpath.
The 45-acre (18 ha) Northern or Agecroft Cemetery opened on 2 July 1903 by theCounty Borough of Salford (outside its boundaries) on the flood plain between Langley Road and the River Irwell by the border withKersal.[13] Acrematorium was opened in the nonconformist burial chapel in 1957. A fund has been launched, supported by the council and external partners, to restore the unused central burial chapel which has fallen into a state of disrepair.[14]
The architectural highlight of the town is the Grade I listed Gothic styleHigh AnglicanSt Augustine's Church, designed by the 19th century architectGeorge Frederick Bodley between 1871 and 1874. It is one of six Grade I listed buildings in the City of Salford.[15] The church became known as theminers' cathedral because of its lofty appearance and because many local men were colliers. The churchyard contains a memorial to 178 men and boys who died in a disaster atClifton Hall Colliery on 18 June 1885. 64 victims are buried at St Augustine's. In May 2006, the church became the focal point of a campaign byEnglish Heritage to save 19 places of worship in Greater Manchester from falling into dilapidation.
TheRoyal Manchester Children's Hospital built in 1873 closed in 2009 and its functions moved to a site alongsideManchester Royal Infirmary, inManchester.
At the junction of Bolton Road and Agecroft Road stands a stone cross with the inscription "Lest We Forget". Behind it is a stone wall on which is written:
"This cross was erected by Andrew Knowles and Sons to the memory of the brave men from their collieries who laid down their lives for their country A.D. 1914–1918"
Below the inscription are eight slate plaques inscribed with the names of 24 men who worked forAndrew Knowles and Sons.
The former home ofSwinton RLFC,Station Road, which held numerous internationals and major rugby league matches before its closure in 1992, was located in Pendlebury. Swinton announced its intention to return to a site adjacent to Agecroft Road, Pendlebury, currently known asAgecroft Farm in August 2006. Langworthy ARLFC has been based in Pendlebury, at Rabbit Hills playing fields on Bolton Road, for over 20 years, whilst local rivals Folly Lane ARLFC operate on the Blue Ribbon field off Pendlebury Road.
St. John the Evangelist churchyard is the burial place ofGeoff Bent, one of theBusby Babes fromManchester United F.C., who perished in theMunich air disaster on 6 February 1958.[16]St John's is also the burial place ofJim Valentine, captain of Swinton Rugby Club, an England rugby union international in the late Victorian era. His 48 tries forThe Lions in the 1888–89 season still stands as a club record.
Pendlebury Coyotes won the amateur World Championship in inline hockey at under-21 level in 2006 and were runners-up in the World Championship at senior level.
Pendlebury was home to the painterL. S. Lowry (1887–1976), who lived at 117 Station Road from 1909 to 1948, after his parents moved fromVictoria Park in Manchester when he was 22.[17] Here Lowry produced many of his famous works, drawing inspiration from the industrial scenes about him. It has been reported that, having missed a train fromPendlebury railway station, Lowry encountered the changing of shifts at Acme Mill and marvelled at the spectacle – this being the moment he decided that industrial scenes were fitting for further work. Aspects of the locality appear in many of Lowry's paintings; elements of theAcme Mill can be seen inComing from the Mill (1930); his picturePendlebury Scene shows an aspect of the Acme Mill from George Street, both now demolished;[18] and in 1953, Lowry paintedThe Railway Platform, a scene of railway passengers standing on the platform atPendlebury railway station.[19]
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