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PenPoint OS

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Discontinued operating system
Operating system
PenPoint OS
DeveloperGO Corporation
Working stateAbandoned
Source modelClosed source
Initial release1991; 35 years ago (1991)
Marketing targetTablet computer
Available inEnglish
Supported platformsEO Personal Communicator,IBM'sThinkPad 700T series,NCR's 3125, 3130 and some ofGRiD Systems' pen-based portables
Default
user interface
Graphical user interface
LicenseProprietary

ThePenPoint OS was one of the earliestoperating systems written specifically for graphicaltablets andpersonal digital assistants. It was a product ofGO Corporation ran on a number ofIntel x86-poweredtablet PCs includingIBM'sThinkPad 700T series,NCR's 3125, 3130 and some ofGRiD Systems' pen-based portables; it was later ported to theHobbit chip inAT&T Corporation'sEO Personal Communicator.[1] PenPoint was never widely adopted.

Developers of the PenPoint OS includedRobert Carr, who was involved with theAlto computer atXerox PARC. He commissioned Dr. Tinker, the naming service company of Mark Beaulieu who generated the name 'PenPoint', using proprietary algorithms.

Awards and innovation

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Byte magazine awarded PenPoint best Operating System in the 1992 Byte Awards. PenPoint won in the Standards and Operating Systems category inPC Magazine's 1991 Technical Excellence awards.[2]

The PenPoint operating system had novel early implementations of several computing advances, including:

  • a large set ofgestures such as circle to edit, X to delete, and caret to insert
  • using the same gestures at all levels of the operating system and applications
  • press and hold for moving any selection, which showed the selection as a floating icon todrag and drop into a destination
  • a rich notebook userinterface metaphor: Documents existed as pages in a notebook with tabs (this was not new in PenPoint, but PenPoint was the first to make it a primary OS interface; Microsoft later did it inWindows for Pen Computing)
  • a document architecture where each document was a directory nested in another document's directory (in some sense, this was an extension of the document architecture onMultics)
  • dynamic toolkit layout: this allowed applications to rescale for landscape and portrait orientation
  • a system-wide pluggableaddress book

In April 2008, as part of a larger federal court case, the gesture features of the Windows/Tablet PC operating system and hardware were found to infringe on a patent byGO Corp. concerning user interfaces for the PenPoint OS.[3]

Third-party applications

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The novel user interface of PenPoint and the mobile form factor of pen computers inspired many startup software companies, including:

  • Inkwriter by Aha! Software which was purchased by Microsoft and became the basis for Microsoft'sWindows Journal
  • FutureWave Software (SmartSketch, a vector-drawing program that evolved intoAdobe Flash)
  • Glyphic Technology (Glyphic Scriptprototype-based programminglanguage, with Codeworks direct interactiveprogramming environment[4])
  • PenMagic (Numero spreadsheet and LetterExpress document fill-in templates)
  • Pensoft (Perspective personal data manager,[5] winner of a BYTE award in 1992). Pensoft was acquired byEo.
  • Slate (several pen applications). Slate's founders included industry luminariesDan Bricklin andBob Frankston.
  • Gaia Software (Personal Media personal productivity applications)
  • Conic Systems (LocatorGIS survey/mapping application that briefly went into production at Ordnance Survey in the UK)
  • Ink Development released InkWare NoteTaker and InkWare Photo.Pierre Omidyar andGreg Stein were two of the founders. Ink Development renamed themselves eShop when they pivoted to electronic commerce software and was later acquired by Microsoft.
  • Marathon Development created QuikScript, the original script handwriting word processor. QuikScript was later ported to Palm and Windows devices under the name PenScript. Patents acquired by Microsoft.

References

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  1. ^Kirkpatrick, David (May 17, 1993)."COULD AT&T RULE THE WORLD?".CNN. RetrievedJune 10, 2008.[dead link]
  2. ^"The 8th Annual Awards (1991) - Standards and Operating Systems".PC Magazine. 2002-03-12. Retrieved2007-04-20.[dead link]
  3. ^Mintz, Jessica (2008-04-04).Microsoft to Appeal $367M Patent Ruling. The Associated Press. Retrieved2008-09-04.[dead link]
  4. ^Codeworks Mark Lentczner's Projects
  5. ^"Pensoft Ships Perspective and Announces Distribution Agreements" (Press release). Pensoft. January 11, 1993. Retrieved2025-09-07.

Further reading

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External links

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General
Variants
Kernel
Architectures
Components
Process management
Concepts
Scheduling
algorithms
Memory management,
resource protection
Storage access,
file systems
Supporting concepts
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