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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name 1-(Morpholin-4-yl)nonan-1-one | |
| Other names 4-(1-Oxononyl)morpholine,N-Nonanoylmorpholine, 1-(4-Morpholino)-1-nonanone, 4-Morpholinenonylic acid, Pelargonic acid morpholide, Pelargonic morpholide,N-Morpholino nonanamide, 1-Morpholin-4-ylnonan-1-one, 4-Nonanoylmorpholine, MPA, MPK | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider |
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| UNII | |
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| Properties | |
| C13H25NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 227.34 g/mol |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Boiling point | 310 to 315 °C (590 to 599 °F; 583 to 588 K) |
| Insoluble | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
4-Nonanoylmorpholine [pelargonic acid morpholide,N-nonanoylmorpholine,MPK orМПК (forRussian:морфолид пеларгоновой кислоты), orMPA] is anamide ofpelargonic acid andmorpholine.
4-Nonanoylmorpholine was first synthesized in 1954 by L. M. Rice, frommorpholine andacyl chloride ofpelargonic acid.
It is a liquid insoluble in water and soluble in polar organic solvents (e.g.acetone,propanol, anddimethyl formamide) and fats. Itsvolatility is 27 mg/m3 at 20 °C and 43 mg/m3 at 35 °C.
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It is a used as a solvent inlachrymatory formulations containingCR gas orCS gas. It is reported to be effective against dogs and starts being effective in concentrations of over 20–40 mg•min/m3. It is considered very safe, with high differences between effective and toxic concentrations. At one time it was reportedly used as food seasoning with no reported adverse effects. However, its effectiveness when used alone is rather low even in the highest permitted concentration, so it is almost always used in combination with CR gas or CS gas, commonly referred to astear gas. In that combination, this blend is effective even against dogs and people underinfluence of alcohol or other drugs. Its effect usually lasts for 15–30 minutes.
MPK blends with CR gas or CS gas are common personalself-defense chemical agents in Russia and Ukraine, but is virtually unknown elsewhere.
4-Nonanoylmorpholine has been reported to haveinsect repellent properties inAedes aegypti mosquitoes.[1]
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