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Pegasus Bridge | |
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 Pegasus Bridge before its replacement | |
| Coordinates | 49°14′32″N0°16′28″W / 49.24222°N 0.27444°W /49.24222; -0.27444 |
| Crosses | Caen Canal |
| Locale | Bénouville |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Bascule bridge |
| History | |
| Opened | 1934 |
| Location | |
 Interactive map of Pegasus Bridge | |
Pegasus Bridge, originally called theBénouville Bridge after the neighbouring village, is a road crossing over theCaen Canal, betweenCaen andOuistreham inNormandy. The original bridge, built in 1934, is now a war memorial and is the centrepiece of theMemorial Pegasus museum at nearbyRanville. It was replaced in 1994 by a modern design which, like the old one, is abascule bridge.
On 6 June 1944, during theSecond World War, the bridge was, along with the nearby Ranville Bridge over theOrne River (another road crossing, later renamedHorsa Bridge), the objective of members of D Company, 2nd (Airborne) Battalion,Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, a glider-borne force who were part of the6th Airlanding Brigade of the 6th Airborne Division duringOperation Tonga in the opening minutes of theAllied invasion of Normandy. Under the command ofMajorJohn Howard, D Company was to land close by the bridges in sixAirspeed Horsa gliders and, in acoup-de-main operation, take both intact and hold them until relieved by the main British invasion forces. The successful capture of the bridges played an important role in limiting the effectiveness of a German counter-attack in the aftermath of the Normandy invasion, as did the attack on nearbyMerville Gun Battery.
Later in 1944, the Bénouville Bridge was renamed Pegasus Bridge in honour of the operation. The name is derived from the shoulder emblem worn by British airborne forces ofI Airborne Corps (United Kingdom), which depictsBellerophon riding the flying horsePegasus.
Pegasus Bridge and the structure that replaced it in 1994 are examples of a distinct sub type of bascule bridge, the"Scherzer rolling lift bascule bridge" or "rolling bridge". Bridges of this type do not pivot about ahinge point, but roll back on curved tread plates attached to the girders of the main span. This design allows a greater clearance of the waterway for a given opening angle.[1]
On the night of 5 June 1944, a force of 181 men, led byMajorJohn Howard, were towed fromRAF Tarrant Rushton in Dorset, southern England in sixHorsa gliders to capture Pegasus Bridge, and also "Horsa Bridge", a few hundred yards/metres to the east, over the Orne River. The force was composed of D Company (reinforced with two platoons of B Company), 2nd Battalion,Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry; 20 sappers of theRoyal Engineers of 249 Field Company (Airborne); and men of theGlider Pilot Regiment. The object of this action was to prevent German armour from crossing the bridges and attacking the eastern flank of the landings atSword Beach, and to prevent the British 6th Airborne Division from being cut off.
Five of the Ox and Bucks's gliders landed as close as 47 yd (43 m) from their objectives 16 minutes past midnight. The attackers poured out of their battered gliders, completely surprising the German defenders, and took the bridges within 10 minutes. They lost two men in the process,LieutenantDen Brotheridge andLance corporal Fred Greenhalgh.
Greenhalgh drowned in a nearby pond when his glider landed. Lieutenant Brotheridge was mortally wounded crossing the bridge in the first minutes of the assault and became the first member of the invading Allied armies to die as a result of enemy fire onD-Day.
One glider, assigned to the capture of the Orne river bridge, landed at the bridge over the River Dives, some 7 mi (11 km) away. Most of the soldiers in this glider moved through German lines towards the village of Ranville where they eventually re-joined the British forces. The Ox and Bucks were reinforced at 03.00hrs byLieutenant ColonelPine-Coffin's7th Parachute Battalion,[2] and linked up with the beach landing forces with the arrival of [The rifles]Lord Lovat'sCommandos.[3]
Among the first of the 7th Battalion reinforcements wasLieutenantRichard Todd, a young actor, who, nearly two decades later, would play Major Howard in the filmThe Longest Day.[4]
In 1984, as part of the 40th anniversary commemorations,HMYBritannia sailed past the bridge en route toCaen. The ship passed in the early hours, escorted by twotugs andHMSTorquay.[5]
The original Pegasus Bridge now resides in the grounds of thePegasus Museum. The museum was inaugurated bythe Prince of Wales on 4 June 2000,BrigadierJames Hill, Françoise Gondrée foundress withGeneralSirRichard Nelson Gale as Président,[6] and lies at the Eastern end of the current bridge. The original bridge was replaced in 1994 by the wider, stronger structure, built bySpie Batignolles.[7] It had been extended by five meters in the early 1960s to accommodate the widening of the canal and remained in use until 1993. After its replacement, Pegasus Bridge was left on waste ground.[8] The bridge was sold to the museum for the symbolic price of one franc.
Many of the soldiers killed in the actions of June 1944 are buried in the war cemetery atRanville.[9] Lt. Brotheridge's grave, which is located in the churchyard next to the cemetery,[10] has a commemorative plaque that was installed by the Gondrée family. The museum contains a café and a small museum shop that sells Pegasus Bridge related material. Arlette Gondrée, who now runsCafé Gondrée, was a small child living in the home when it was liberated. It is not certain that the famous Gondrée café was the first French house to be liberated during D-Day. In the bookCommando du Pont Pegase, French historian Norbert Hugedé writes that it was the house owned by Mr Picot that was liberated first, a few hours before the Gondrées' house.[11]
Pegasus Wood, in the grounds ofTemple Newsam House inLeeds, commemorates veterans of the landing at Pegasus Bridge.[12]
