| Pe | |
|---|---|
| Phoenician | 𐤐 |
| Hebrew | פף |
| Samaritan | ࠐ |
| Aramaic | 𐡐 |
| Syriac | ܦ |
| Nabataean | 𐢘 |
| Arabic | ف |
| South Arabian | 𐩰 |
| Geʽez | ፈ |
| North Arabian | 𐪐 |
| Ugaritic | 𐎔 |
| Phonemic representation | p,f(originallyɸ),w |
| Position in alphabet | 17 |
| Numerical value | 80 |
| Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician | |
| Greek | Π |
| Latin | P |
| Cyrillic | П |
Pe is the seventeenthletter of theSemitic abjads, includingArabicfāʾف,Aramaicpē 𐡐,Hebrewpēפ,Phoenicianpē 𐤐, andSyriacpē ܦ. (inabjadi order). It is related to theAncient North Arabian 𐪐,South Arabian𐩰, andGe'ezፈ.
The original sound value is avoiceless bilabial plosive/p/ and it retains this value in most Semitic languages, except for Arabic, where the sound/p/ changed into thevoiceless labiodental fricative/f/, carrying with it the pronunciation of the letter. However, the sound/p/ in Arabic is used in loanwords with the letterpe as an alternative. Under the Persian influence, many Arabic dialects in thePersian Gulf, as well as inEgypt and in some of theMaghreb under the Ottoman influence uses the letterpe to represent the sound/p/ which is missing inModern Standard Arabic. Not to be confused with theTurned g. The Phoenician letter gave rise to theGreekPi (Π),LatinP,GlagoliticⰒ,[1] andCyrillicП.
Pe is usually assumed to come from a pictogram of a "mouth" (as inHebrew פֶּה (pe),[2] Arabic, فاfah).
|
| Fāʾ فاء | |
|---|---|
| ف | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Arabic script |
| Type | Abjad |
| Language of origin | Arabic language |
| Sound values | f |
| Alphabetical position | 20 |
| History | |
| Development | 𐤐
|
| Other | |
| Writing direction | Right-to-left |
| This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |
The letterف is namedفاءfāʾ/faːʔ/. It is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ف | ـف | ـفـ | فـ |
In the process of developing fromProto-Semitic, Proto-Semitic/p/became Arabic/f/, and this is reflected in the use of the letter representing/p/ in other Semitic languages for/f/ in Arabic.
Examples on usage inModern Standard Arabic:
InMaghrebi scripts, thei'ajami dot infāʼ has traditionally been written underneath (ڢ). Once the prevalent style, it is now mostly used in countries of theMaghreb in ceremonial situations or for writing Qur'an, with the exception of Libya and Algeria, which adopted theMashriqi form (dot above). When the letter is isolated or word-final, it may sometimes become unpointed.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form of letter: | ڢ / ࢻ | ـڢ / ـࢻ | ـڢـ | ڢـ |
The Maghrebi alphabet, to writeqāf (ق), a letter that resemblesfā’ (ف) in the initial and medial forms is used, but it is really aqāf with a single dot (ڧ).
In the Arabic orthographies ofUyghur,Kazakh andKyrgyz, the letterfā’ has adescender in the final and isolated positions, much like the Maghrebi version ofqāf.[3][4]
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ڧ | ـڧ | ـڧـ | ڧـ |
Theoretically this shape could be approximated by usingU+06A7 ڧARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE, but in practiceU+0641 فARABIC LETTER FEH is used in databases of these languages, and most commercial fonts for these languages give the codepoint of the usual Arabicfā’ a shape likeڧ.
When the Uyghurkeyboard layout forMicrosoft Windows was first added inWindows Vista andWindows Server 2008, the key combination⇧ Shift+F resulted inU+06A7 ڧARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE.[5] The Uyghur keyboard layout inWindows 7 andWindows Server 2008 R2 changed that key combination to giveU+0641 فARABIC LETTER FEH.[6] On the newer systems, the old keyboard layout is still available under the nameUyghur (Legacy).
Normally, the letterفfāʼ renders/f/ sound, but may also be used some names andloanwords where it can render/v/, might be arabized as/f/ in accordance to its spelling, e.g.,يُونِيلِفِر (Unilever). It may be used interchangeably with the modified letterڤ -ve (with 3 dots above) in this case. The letter fāʾ with three dots above is no longer used in Persian, as the[β]-sound changed to[b], e.g. archaicزڤان/zaβɑn/ >زبان/zæbɒn/ 'language'[7]
The character is mapped inUnicode under position U+06A4.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ڤ | ـڤ | ـڤـ | ڤـ |
TheMaghrebi style, used in Northwestern Africa, the dots moved underneath (Unicode U+06A5), because it is based on the other style offāʼ (ڢ):
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ڥ | ـڥ | ـڥـ | ڥـ |
| Code point | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial | Unicode character name (or descriptive synonyms used in the JoiningType and JoiningGroup datatables) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U+0641 | ف | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH |
| U+06A1 | ڡ | ـڡ | ـڡـ | ڡـ | ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS FEH |
| U+06A2 | ڢ | ـڢ | ـڢـ | ڢـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW |
| U+06A3 | ڣ | ـڣ | ـڣـ | ڣـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW |
| U+06A4 | ڤ | ـڤ | ـڤـ | ڤـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH 3 DOTS ABOVE = VEH |
| U+06A5 | ڥ | ـڥ | ـڥـ | ڥـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH 3 DOTS BELOW = MAGHRIBI VEH |
| U+06A6 | ڦ | ـڦ | ـڦـ | ڦـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH 4 DOTS ABOVE = PEHEH |
| U+0760 | ݠ | ـݠ | ـݠـ | ݠـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH 2 DOTS BELOW |
| U+0761 | ݡ | ـݡ | ـݡـ | ݡـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH 3 DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW |
| U+08A4 | ࢤ | ـࢤ | ـࢤـ | ࢤـ | ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE |
| U+08BB | ࢻ | ـࢻ | ـࢻـ | ࢻـ | ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN FEH |
The Hebrew spelling isפֵּא. It is also romanizedpei orpey, especially when used inYiddish.[8][9]
| position in word | Various print fonts | Cursive Hebrew | Rashi script | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | |||
| non final | פ | פ | פ |  | .svg) |
| final | ף | ף | ף |  | .svg) |
The letter Pe is one of the six letters which can receive aDagesh Kal. The six areBet,Gimel,Daleth,Kaph, Pe, andTav.
A notable variation on the letter Pe is the Pe Kefulah (Doubled Pe), also known as the Pei Lefufah (Wrapped Pe). The Pe Kefulah is written as a small Pe scribed within a larger Pe. This atypical letter appears in Torah scrolls (most often Yemenite Torahs[10] but is also present in Sephardic and Ashkenazi Torahs), manuscripts, and some modern printed Hebrew Bibles. When the Pe is written in the form of a Doubled Pe, this adds a layer of deeper meaning to the Biblical text.[11] This letter variation can appear on the final and non-final forms of the Pe.
There are two orthographic variants of this letter which indicate a different pronunciation:
| Name | Symbol | IPA | Transliteration | as in the English word |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pe | פּ | /p/ | p | pan |
| Fe | פ | /f/ | f | fan |
When the Pe has a "dot" in its center, known as adagesh, it represents avoiceless bilabial plosive,/p/. There are various rules inHebrew grammar that stipulate when and why a dagesh is used.
When Pe appearswithout the dagesh dot in its center (פ), then it usually represents avoiceless labiodental fricative/f/.
At the end of words, the letter's written form changes to aPe/Fe Sophit (Final Pe/Fe):ף.
When a word in modern Hebrew borrowed from another language ends with/p/, the non-final form is used (e.g.פִילִיפ/ˈfilip/ "Philip"), while borrowings ending in/f/ still use the Pe Sofit (e.g.כֵּיף/kef/ "fun", from Arabic). This is because native Hebrew words, which always use the final form at the end, cannot end in/p/.
Ingematria, Pe represents the number 80. Its final form represents 800 but this is rarely used,Tav written twice (400+400) being used instead.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ܦ | ـܦ | ـܦـ | ܦـ |
| Preview | פ | ף | ف | ܦ | ࠐ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | HEBREW LETTER PE | HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE | ARABIC LETTER FEH | SYRIAC LETTER PE | SAMARITAN LETTER PI | |||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1508 | U+05E4 | 1507 | U+05E3 | 1601 | U+0641 | 1830 | U+0726 | 2064 | U+0810 |
| UTF-8 | 215 164 | D7 A4 | 215 163 | D7 A3 | 217 129 | D9 81 | 220 166 | DC A6 | 224 160 144 | E0 A0 90 |
| Numeric character reference | פ | פ | ף | ף | ف | ف | ܦ | ܦ | ࠐ | ࠐ |
| Preview | 𐎔 | 𐡐 | 𐤐 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | UGARITIC LETTER PU | IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER PE | PHOENICIAN LETTER PE | |||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 66452 | U+10394 | 67664 | U+10850 | 67856 | U+10910 |
| UTF-8 | 240 144 142 148 | F0 90 8E 94 | 240 144 161 144 | F0 90 A1 90 | 240 144 164 144 | F0 90 A4 90 |
| UTF-16 | 55296 57236 | D800 DF94 | 55298 56400 | D802 DC50 | 55298 56592 | D802 DD10 |
| Numeric character reference | 𐎔 | 𐎔 | 𐡐 | 𐡐 | 𐤐 | 𐤐 |
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