Paul Tannery (20 December 1843 – 27 November 1904) was a Frenchmathematician andhistorian of mathematics. He was the older brother of mathematicianJules Tannery, to whoseNotions Mathématiques he contributed an historical chapter. Though Tannery's career was in thetobacco industry, he devoted his evenings and his life to the study of mathematicians and mathematical development.
Tannery was born inMantes-la-Jolie on 20 December 1843, to a deeplyCatholic family. He attended private school in Mantes, followed by theLycées in Le Mans andCaen. He then entered theÉcole Polytechnique, on whose entrance exam he excelled. His curriculum included mathematics, the sciences, and the classics, all of which would be represented in his future academic work. Tannery's life of public service began as he then entered the École d'Applications des Tabacs as an apprentice engineer.
As an assistant engineer, Tannery spent two years in the state tobacco factory atLille. In 1867, he moved toParis; three years later, he served as an artillery captain in theFranco-Prussian War. Biographies of Tannery describe him as an ardent patriot and claim that he never fully accepted the humiliatingTreaty of Frankfurt.
After his graduation from the École Polytechnique, Tannery had become interested inAuguste Comte and hispositivist philosophy. After the war, his interest in mathematics continued, and Comte's ideas would influence his approach to the study of the history of science. Tannery moved several times with his career in the tobacco industry: to Périgord in 1872, toBordeaux in 1874, toLe Havre in 1877, and to Paris in 1883. Bordeaux had something of an intellectual atmosphere, and though Tannery moved to Le Havre (near his parents, who lived at Caen) at his own request, he would also directly request the move to Paris, where his research and academic pursuits would be able to flourish.
It was in Paris that Tannery took on his first two major editorial works. In 1883, he began an edition ofDiophantus's manuscripts, and in 1885, he andCharles Henry began an edition of one ofFermat's works. This work was made possible by access to theBibliothèque Nationale, and so Tannery had to reduce his efforts in 1886 when he was transferred to Tonneins. Even without access to the Bibliothèque, Tannery remained hard at work, however, as he published two books composed of articles he had been writing for theRevue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger and for theBulletin de sciences mathematiques.
In 1888, Tannery moved back to Bordeaux, where he studied Greek astronomy and directed the tobacco factory. Two years later, he was back in Paris; he would remain near Paris until his death. Despite a heavy professional workload, he continued to be productive in his work in the history of science. His editions of Diophantus and Fermat were published, along with over 250 articles. From 1890 forward, Tannery's other major work focused on a new edition ofDescartes's works and correspondence, on which he collaborated with Charles Adam, an historian of modern philosophy.
Scandal arose in 1903 when theCollège de France began a search for a new professor of the history of science. Tannery was considered something of a shoo-in; he even began writing his inaugural lecture. Instead, the position went toGrégoire Wyrouboff, who concentrated on modern mathematicians instead of Tannery's classical and seventeenth-century idols. Wyrouboff was also a freethinker, an asset to the secularistThird Republic, while Tannery was Catholic.
Tannery died soon thereafter, on 27 November 1904, inPantin, just outside Paris. His wife, Marie, would survive until 1945, and she published several of his works posthumously, helping to ensure that his legacy would live on.
He was an Invited Speaker of theICM in 1904 in Heidelberg.[1]
