Gosar supporting the La Paz County Land Conveyance Act. Recorded July 23, 2018
Paul Anthony Gosar[1] (/ˈɡoʊsɑːr/GOH-sar; born November 27, 1958) is an American politician and former dentist who has served as theU.S. representative forArizona’s 9th congressional district since 2023, after previously representing the 4th district from 2013 to 2023 and the 1st district from 2011 to 2013. A member of theRepublican Party, Gosar was first elected to Congress in2010.
In November 2021, Gosar was formally censured by the U.S. House of Representatives and stripped of his committee assignments on a largely party-line vote, after he posted an anime video on social media with his face superimposed on a character who kills one with RepresentativeAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez's face and attacks one with PresidentJoe Biden's face.[6][7][8] After Republicans regained the House majority in2022, Gosar was reinstated to his committee assignments.
From 1989 to 2010, Gosar had a dentistry practice inFlagstaff, Arizona.[19] In 2001, Gosar was theArizona Dental Association's (AzDA) "Dentist of the Year". He was inducted into the AzDA Hall of Fame and served as its president from 2004 to 2005. Gosar was also president of the Northern Arizona Dental Society and vice-chair of the AzDA council on governmental affairs.[20][21]
In 2009, Gosar, who had never run for elected office before, announced that he would challengeDemocratic incumbentAnn Kirkpatrick in the 1st district in the 2010 elections. He was identified as aTea Party candidate byThe New York Times because the Arizona Tea Party featured him on its website.[22]
Gosar won the Republican primary. He was endorsed by former Alaska governorSarah Palin and three Arizona county sheriffs: Maricopa County'sJoe Arpaio, Coconino County's Joe Richards, and Pinal County'sPaul Babeu.[23] Kirkpatrick challenged him to five debates across the district.[24][25] Gosar initially agreed to one debate but later withdrew. He released a statement explaining that his decision to withdraw from the debate was based on the long drive to and from the television station,KAET in Phoenix, which had organized the debate,[26] but a producer at KAET said that Gosar's staff had told the station that the candidate could not participate in the debate because he would be attending a fundraiser instead.[27]
Gosar defeated Kirkpatrick in the November 2010 general election, taking 49.7% of the vote.
Gosar initially planned to seek reelection in the 1st district, which had been made less favorable to Republicans as a result ofredistricting,[28] but with Kirkpatrick priming for a rematch, he changed his mind and announced in January 2012 that he would run in the newly created4th district. The 4th had absorbed much of the western portion of the old 1st district and was heavily Republican. Gosar rented an apartment in Prescott, the largest city in the 4th, which he claims as his official residence.[29] While members of the House are only constitutionally required to live in the state (not the district) that they represent, Gosar claimed that he eventually would buy a home in the 4th. Despite this, he still claims his home in Flagstaff as his primary residence; he has long received tax breaks on his Flagstaff home due to this status. While he is registered to vote inYavapai County, home to Prescott, his wife is registered to vote inCoconino County, home to Flagstaff.[30]
Gosar initially faced a tough primary fight against Babeu, but Babeu pulled out in May 2012 owing to allegations of abuse of power.[31] Gosar defeated formerstate senatorRon Gould and businessman Rick Murphy in the Republican primary, all but assuring him a second term in Congress. In the November general election, he defeated Democratic challenger Johnnie Robinson with 67% of the vote.[32]
Gosar faced Weisser again in 2016. Weisser attempted to use Gosar's support of then-nominee Donald Trump and the recentAccess Hollywood tape against him in campaign ads.[34] Gosar was reelected with 71% of the vote.[35]
Gosar speaking at the 2018 Arizona Manufacturing Summit in Phoenix, Arizona
In September 2018, six of Gosar's nine siblings spoke out against their brother and endorsed his Democratic opponent, David Brill, in a series of television campaign ads that drew national and international coverage.[36][37] In the first ad, sisters Grace and Jennifer, both identified as health-care providers, told viewers that their brother did not care about people in rural Arizona. In another ad, called "A family defends its honor," brother David Gosar, a lawyer, declared, "We've got to stand up for our good name. This is not who we are." Paul Gosar responded to the ads on Twitter, describing his siblings as "disgruntledHillary supporters" who "put political ideology before family".[38]
Gosar defeated Brill in the November 2018 general election with 68.2% of the vote.
Gosar was reelected with 69.7% of the vote over Democratic nominee Delina DiSanto. Six of his nine siblings—Grace, Jennifer, Joan, Gaston, David and Tim—endorsed his opponent, as they had in 2018.[39]
In 2021, Gosar announced that he would run for reelection inArizona's 9th congressional district after redistricting.[40] The redrawn 9th included much of the old 4th. It was no less Republican than its predecessor, and Gosar was re-elected unopposed.
Actions
In January 2016, Gosar wrote and proposed legislation to stripBill Cosby of hisPresidential Medal of Freedom after Cosby admitted todrugging women. His proposal received the support ofAngela Rose and her nonprofit organization, with which Gosar consulted when writing the bill; PresidentBarack Obama stated he would "take a look" at the proposal, but it did not pass.[41][42]
On January 6, 2020, with the caption "The world is a better place without these guys in power", Gosar tweeted a doctored photograph showing Obama meeting Iranian PresidentHassan Rouhani. The encounter never happened; the picture was aphotoshopped version of one showing Obama meeting former Indian prime ministerManmohan Singh. The photojournalist Daniel Medina pointed out that Rouhani was still in power and condemned Gosar's attempt to spread disinformation.[43][44] Thephotoshopped image was also featured in a 2015 TV ad for SenatorRon Johnson.[45] To widespread criticism, Gosar said, "No one said this wasn't photoshopped."[46]
On December 9, 2020, Gosar co-sponsoredDemocratic U.S. RepresentativeTulsi Gabbard's Break UpBig Tech Act of 2020, aiming to removeSection 230 legal immunity for computer service providers who act as publishers and censor their users.[47]
In June 2021, fliers were circulated online for a fundraiser featuring Gosar andwhite nationalistNick Fuentes; while at first appearing to defend the event, Gosar ultimately denied that he had planned to attend it.[48][49][50]
Attendance of America First Political Action Conference
On February 26, 2021, Gosar delivered the keynote speech at theAmerica First Political Action Conference hosted by white nationalist andantisemiteNick Fuentes, who had previously supported the 2021 United States Capitol attack, defendedracial segregation, and denied aspects ofthe Holocaust.[50][49] Gosar was joined at the event by former RepresentativeSteve King of Iowa, who was taken off his congressional committee seats after defending white nationalism in 2019.[51] Gosar later distanced himself from Fuentes, telling a panel at theConservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) that racism and violence are unacceptable, criticizing "white racism" and saying, "there's no room for violence."[52][53] Nevertheless, he defended his presence at the conference, saying, "There is a group of young people that are becoming part of the election process, and becoming a bigger force. So why not take that energy and listen to what they've got to say?... You don't accomplish anything by isolating and refusing to speak to some audiences."[53]Liz Cheney criticized Gosar's attendance at the event, saying, "This is not the kind of an organization or an event that other members of Congress should be participating in".[54]
CNN also reported that, before CPAC, Gosar and a dozen other Republican House members skipped votes andenlisted others to vote for them in order to attend the event, which was held at the same time as their absences. They cited the ongoingCOVID-19 pandemic as the reason for their absences.[55] In response, theCampaign for Accountability, an ethics watchdog group, filed a complaint with theHouse Committee on Ethics and requested an investigation into Gosar and the other lawmakers.[56]
2021 censure
In November 2021, Gosar posted a video on social media that parodied thetitle sequence of theanime seriesAttack on Titan that had been edited with the faces of himself, RepresentativeAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez, andJoe Biden superimposed on the show's characters, depicting Gosar killing Ocasio-Cortez and attacking Biden with swords. In posting the video, Gosar inquired: "Any anime fans out there?"[57][58] Gosar insisted that the video "wasn't a threat and is meant to be 'entertaining'".[59]
SpeakerNancy Pelosi called for theHouse Ethics Committee and law enforcement to investigate it as a threat.[60] On November 17, 2021, Gosar was censured for the post and removed from committee assignments by a 223-to-207 vote, making him the 24th House member to be censured in American history.[61][62][63] The vote was mainly along party lines; only two Republicans,Liz Cheney andAdam Kinzinger, voted with the Democrats, while "about a dozen Republicans stood beside Gosar in a show of support," according toThe Washington Post.[64] (One Republican,David P. Joyce, voted present.[65]) Minutes after being censured, he retweeted the offending video again.[66] The next day, Trump endorsed Gosar for his 2022 reelection bid, while House Republican leaderKevin McCarthy said he would likely give Gosar better committee assignments if Republicans won the House in 2022.[67]
2022
In February 2022, Senate Minority LeaderMitch McConnell criticized Gosar for participating in theAmerica First Political Action Conference, organized by white nationalist and Holocaust denierNick Fuentes, saying there was no place in the Republican Party for "white supremacists or anti-Semitism".[68]
On May 24, 2022, the day of theRobb Elementary School shooting, Gosar spread misinformation about the attack, tweeting that the perpetrator was "a transsexual leftist illegal alien named Salvatore Ramos."[69] He shared a4chan post containing photographs of atransgender woman who had nothing to do with the attack. He deleted the tweet after about two hours.[70][71] The woman in the post was a transgender artist who posted on Reddit: "It's not me, I don't even live in Texas. They are my pics. People are using [them] to make trans people look like murderers and blaming me for the shooting."[72] In response to Gosar's tweet,The Arizona Republic's Laurie Roberts wrote: "Rep. Paul Gosar has once again shown himself completely unfit for office. The congressman is nothing more than a gossip, and a dangerous one at that."[73]
2023
In an email published on his congressional website in September 2023, Gosar called for theexecution of U.S. Army generalMark Milley. In the email, Gosar described him as a "quisling" and "sodomy-promoting" and said that "in a better society [...] General Milley would be hung".[74][75]
A November 2020 tweet from Gosar, suggesting that Arizona attorney generalMark Brnovich should investigate false claims of voter fraud following the2020 U.S. presidential election
Several weeks after the2020 presidential election, Gosar was one of 27 Republican members of Congress to request thatU.S. Attorney GeneralWilliam Barr "appoint a Special Counsel to investigate irregularities in the 2020 election."[88] TheArizona Republican Party produced a video, featuring Gosar and RepresentativeAndy Biggs, falsely claiming that there waswidespread voter fraud in the election. Gosar falsely claimed that Arizona's voting machines were faulty, that Wisconsin intentionally paused counting votes to "dump" 100,000 votes into the count forJoe Biden, and that dead people voted in Pennsylvania. He and Biggs also demanded an audit ofMaricopa County's vote count.[89] Gosar strongly objected to counting electoral votes for Biden from certain states.
Through November, Gosar participated inStop the Steal protests, comparing their efforts to theBattle of the Alamo.[90] Later, he tweeted[91] a comparison between the fight for theAmerica First agenda andTeruo Nakamura of the Imperial Japanese Army; Nakamura refused to recognize news of Japan's surrender inWorld War II for three decades, and remained on the remote island ofMorotai alone until his discovery in 1974.[92]
Gosar repeatedly spoke atStop the Steal events, claiming without basis that then-President-electJoe Biden was an "illegitimate usurper" and that Trump was the victim of an attempted coup.[93]
Involvement in the 2021 United States Capitol attack
In December after the election, right-wing political activist and organizerAli Alexander said that he, Gosar, Biggs, and RepresentativeMo Brooks were "planning something big": a "mob" to pressure Congress into rejecting the election results.[94] In a since-deleted video, Alexander said: "We four schemed up of putting maximum pressure on Congress while they were voting."[93] Gosar's office did not respond to media inquiries about this allegation. News outlets noted that Gosar's social media accounts had expressed support for Alexander in the past.[94][95][96]
The electoral count was disrupted when a mob of Trump supportersattacked the Capitol, resulting in the death of one police officer and four protesters. Gosar was the first member of Congress to advance the falseconspiracy theory thatantifa was to blame for the violence, echoed by Brooks and RepresentativeMatt Gaetz.[98][99] When Congress reconvened that night, the challenge to the Arizona vote had been rejected 6-93 in the Senate and 121-303 in the House. Of Arizona's congressional representatives, Representatives Gosar, Biggs, andDebbie Lesko voted to reject Arizona's vote results.[100][101]
As a result of Gosar's alleged involvement in the storming of the Capitol, three of his siblings called for his expulsion from Congress. "When you talk about what happened the other day, you're talking about treason. You're talking about overthrowing the government. That's what this is. If that doesn't rise to the level of expulsion, what does?" said Tim Gosar.[102][103] On January 19, the last day of the Trump administration, it was reported that Gosar and Biggs soughtpardons from Trump. No pardons were granted to them or anyone else involved in the storming of the Capitol or the preceding "Save America" rally.[104]
In June 2021, Gosar was one of 21 House Republicans to vote against a resolution to give theCongressional Gold Medal to police officers who defended the U.S. Capitol onJanuary 6.[105]
Political positions
Multiple sources have described Gosar as a proponent offar-right politics.[2] DuringDonald Trump's presidency, Gosar voted in line with the president's stated position 86.1% of the time.[106] DuringJoe Biden's presidency, he voted in line with the president's stated position 3.7% of the time (as of May 25, 2022).[107]
Gosar is opposed to the expansion of LGBT rights. In December 2022, Gosar voted against theRespect for Marriage Act, which codified same-sex and interracial marriage rights into federal law,[112] along with all Arizona Republicans.[113] In 2023, he wrote in his weekly official newsletter to his constituents an essay opposing General Milley, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff whom he called a "traitor," saying, "In a better society, quislings like the strange sodomy-promoting General Milley would be hung."[114][115]
Boycott of Pope Francis
On September 17, 2015, in anop-ed on the conservative websiteTownhall.com, Gosar announced that he would not attendPope Francis'splanned address to ajoint meeting of Congress unless Francis spoke about issues such as "violentIslam" orPlanned Parenthood instead ofclimate change. He wrote that he would treat Francis the same way he believes "leftist politicians" should be treated.[116] Gosar said that Francis "adopted all of thesocialist talking points, wrapped false science and ideology into 'climate justice' and is being presented to guilt people into leftist policies."[117] He calledclimate science "questionable" and criticizedLaudato si', Francis's encyclical on the environment.[118]
Gosar did not attend Francis's September 24 address, the only member of Congress not to do so.[119][120] Shortly after Francis's visit, Gosar used his opposition to his address as a fundraising tool.[121][122] A fundraising email for Gosar used his Townhall.com op-ed's catchphrase, "When the Pope chooses to act and talk like a leftist politician, then he can expect to be treated like one"[16] and positioned Gosar as the victim of "unprecedented attacks" from "the liberals, the left-wing media and the Obama political machine."[122]
Gosar was among the 71 Republicans who voted against final passage of theFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 in the House.[125]In June 2020, Gosar introduced a bill that if passed would force the Federal Reserve to restart issuance of $500 bills and adopt a new design that would feature former President Donald Trump in its portrait.[126]
In September 2015, Gosar submittedarticles ofimpeachment againstEPA administratorGina McCarthy, asserting that she had committed "high crimes and misdemeanors" and "lied to the American people in order to force misguided and overreaching regulations, which have no scientific basis, down our throats."[130] An EPA spokeswoman said Gosar's resolution "has zero merit and is nothing more than political theater", while fellow Republican and House majority leaderKevin McCarthy confirmed that "There's no plan to impeach Gina McCarthy."[131]
Gosar supports dismantling theEndangered Species Act, calling it "status quo" and "costly, burdensome and uncertain."[132]
Foreign policy
In 2019, Gosar co-signed a letter from RepresentativeRo Khanna and SenatorRand Paul to Trump asserting that it is "long past time to rein in the use of force that goes beyond congressional authorization" and that they hoped this would "serve as a model for ending hostilities in the future—in particular, as you and your administration seek a political solution to our involvement in Afghanistan."[133][134]
In 2019, Gosar was one of 60 representatives to vote against condemning Trump's withdrawal fromSyria.[135]
In 2020, Gosar voted against the National Defense Authorization Act of 2021, which would prevent the president from withdrawing soldiers fromAfghanistan without congressional approval.[136]
In June 2020, Gosar expressed support forMorocco's position on theWestern Sahara conflict, and encouraged the Trump administration to support this position.[137]
In 2021, when the House overwhelmingly passed a measure condemning theMyanmar coup d'état, Gosar voted present, while 14 other House Republicans voted against it.[138]
Gosar was among 19 House Republicans to vote against the final passage of the 2022 National Defense Authorization Act.[142]
In February 2022, Gosar co-sponsored the Secure America's Borders First Act, which would prohibit the expenditure or obligation of military and security assistance to Kyiv over the U.S. border with Mexico.[143]
In 2023, Gosar was among 47 Republicans to vote in favor of H.Con.Res. 21 which directed PresidentJoe Biden to remove U.S. troops fromSyria within 180 days.[145][146]
Gosar opposedObamacare and has advocated for physician-owned hospitals. He favors consumer choice of doctors, types of care and insurance plans.[154] He supportedwater fluoridation to prevent tooth decay in his early career as a dentist, but in 2022 spoke out against water fluoridation, citing concerns that it reduced human intelligence.[155]
In September 2024, Congressman Gosar introduced legislation that would allow citizens to sue vaccine manufacturers for vaccine injuries. He argued that there was a lack of science concerning vaccine safety, adding that vaccine manufacturers should be held accountable for adverse effects of their vaccines, Gosar also said that his legislation strips away liability shields for Big Pharma and allows patients to pursue a civil lawsuit in state or federal court.[156]
Immigration
The Arizona Republic described Gosar as "one of the staunchest opponents in Congress to legalizing undocumented dreamers".[157] Gosar stated, "I strongly believe we need to immediately secure our border and opposeamnesty for anyone who blatantly violates our law."[158] He has cosponsored legislation to repeal the14th Amendment, thus eliminatingbirthright citizenship for children born in the US to undocumented immigrants.[159][160] In a May 2018 interview he accused immigration attorneys providing legal advice to undocumented immigrants of committing a crime: "What we need to do is also hold those that are actually helping — what they're saying is help, but assisting in a crime — to be prosecuted as well."[161]
Gosar supported the building of theMexico-U.S. border wall proposed by Trump. Gosar believes it will help stopMS-13 gang activity in the United States.[162] He has proposed a 10-year moratorium on all immigration.[163]
Gosar voted against the Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2019 which would amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to eliminate the per-country numerical limitation for employment-based immigrants, to increase the per-country numerical limitation for family-sponsored immigrants, and for other purposes.[164]
Gosar voted against the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020 which authorizes DHS to nearly double the available H-2B visas for the remainder of FY 2020.[165][166]
Gosar voted against Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 1158) which effectively prohibitsICE from cooperating with Health and Human Services to detain or remove illegal alien sponsors of unaccompanied alien children (UACs).[167]
Gosar sponsored H.R. 6202, the American Tech Workforce Act of 2021, introduced by RepresentativeJim Banks. The legislation would establish a wage floor for the high-skill H-1B visa program, thereby significantly reducing employer dependence on the program. The bill would also eliminate the Optional Practical Training program that allows foreign graduates to stay and work in the United States.[168]
Militias
In April 2014, Gosar joined a group of five conservative Arizona state legislators at theBundy Standoff inBunkerville, Nevada, where grazing fee resistors and their supporters took up arms against Federal Bureau of Land Management and law enforcement officials.[169] The confrontation ended when federal officials chose not to take further action.
Native Americans
In December 2014, Gosar drew controversy when he referred to American Indians as "wards of the federal government". He was responding to concerns from members of theFort Apache Indian Reservation in eastern Arizona when he made the comment at the round-table talk in Flagstaff. The discussion had addressed the proposal to swap 2,400 acres of southeastern Arizona'sTonto National Forest for about 5,300 acres of environmentally sensitive land. The proposal, which was attached as arider to the 2015National Defense Authorization Act, would give land sacred to the Apache in Arizona toResolution Copper Mine, a joint venture owned byRio Tinto andBHP.[170]Troy Eid, a Republican and former U.S. Attorney in Colorado, responded to Gosar's comments, "In the heated context of what this represents, it's especially inappropriate to be resorting to what amounts to race baiting." A Gosar spokesperson said his comments were misconstrued.[171]
Ties to the far right
In an October 2017 interview withVice News, Gosar suggested that the white nationalistUnite the Right rally had been "created by the left", an idea previously expressed byAlex Jones ofInfoWars, RepresentativeDana Rohrabacher,Dinesh D'Souza, and other right-wing figures.[172] Gosar also suggested thatJason Kessler, the organizer of the Charlottesville rally, might have been backed byGeorge Soros, who he said "turned in his own people to theNazis".[173] Seven of Gosar's siblings wrote an open letter to the Kingman (Arizona)Daily Miner newspaper denouncing Gosar's claims about Soros as "despicableslander ... without a shred of truth", saying Gosar "owes George Soros a personal apology";[174] they also called his statements an "anti-semitic dog whistle".[175]
In July 2018, Gosar spoke at a rally in London in support of formerEnglish Defence League leader andanti-Islam activistTommy Robinson, emphasizing the importance of the right to free speech.[176] Gosar and six other congressmen invited Robinson to speak to the Conservative Opportunity Society on November 14, 2018, while Robinson was visiting the United States on a trip sponsored by theMiddle East Forum and theDavid Horowitz Freedom Center.[177]
In 2019, Gosar sought to reinstate RepresentativeSteve King to the House committees from which King had been removed due to a series of remarks widely seen as racist. Gosar agreed with King's contention that his words had been taken out of context.[178] In February 2021, Gosar spoke with King at the second annualAmerica First Political Action Conference, hosted by white nationalistNick Fuentes.[179][51]
In January 2021,The New York Times detailed Gosar's comments on and ties to theProud Boys and theOath Keepers, some of whose members participated in the2021 storming of the United States Capitol.[180]Jim Arroyo, who heads theYavapai County, Arizona, chapter of Oath Keepers, said that Gosar had attended one of its meetings, "And we asked him, flat out: 'Do you think we are headed towards a Civil War?' And he said, 'We are in a Civil War, we just haven't started shooting yet'... So that is about to change."[181]
Employment of prominent neo-Nazi follower and writer
Since November 2021, Gosar has employed Wade Searle, first as a temporary employee and then as his digital director. Searle is alleged to be a "dedicated acolyte" ofNick Fuentes, with Fuentes calling him a "loyal friend" and "one of the strongest soldiers of the movement."[182] Searle reportedly runs the white supremacist "ChickenRight" accounts onTwitter andGab, which has posted anti-semitic conspiracy theories about “HOOK-NOSED BANKERS.”[182]
Treason accusations against the FBI and DOJ
In February 2018, Gosar posted on his Facebook page that theNunes memo—in which Republican CongressmanDevin Nunes accused theFBI andU.S. Justice Department of illegally obtaining aForeign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) warrant to spy on Trump adviserCarter Page—showed "clear and convincing evidence" that certain members of those agencies committedtreason.[183][184] He also specifically said conduct by former FBI DirectorJames Comey, former Deputy DirectorAndrew McCabe, former Deputy Attorney GeneralSally Yates, and former Attorney GeneralRod Rosenstein was "not just criminal but constitutes treason". In what Gosar called "my full statement on the declassified memo", he said he would be "leading [sic] a letter to the Attorney General seeking criminal prosecution against these traitors to our nation."
Paul Gosar with Donald Trump in 2019
Support for impeaching Biden administration officials
Gosar hasarthritis and has had two compressed vertebrae in his back that have required surgery to correct.[199] He cites years of hunching over for long periods while a dentist as the cause, as well as genetics and a history of playingrugby.[200]
In 2018, six (David, Gaston, Grace, Jennifer, Joan, and Tim) of Gosar's nine siblings participated in ads supporting their brother's political adversary, David Brill.[201] In the ads, they all state their desire to defend their family's name lest the world think the entire Gosar family shares Paul's ideology. David Gosar said, "He's absolutely not working for his district." Tim said, "He's not listening to you and he doesn't have your best interests at heart." Grace said, "Paul Gosar, the congressman, isn't doing anything to help rural America." Jennifer said, "If he actually cared about people in rural Arizona, I bet he'd be fighting for Social Security, for better access to healthcare; I bet he'd be researching what is the most insightful water policy to help the environment of Arizona to sustain itself and be successful."[202]
^Walker, Hunter. "Paul Gosar Just Promoted a Conspiracy Theory That He Built His Career Fighting Against". Rolling Stone, March 1, 2022[1]Archived March 2, 2022, at theWayback Machine
"STATE OF ARIZONA OFFICIAL CANVASS"(PDF).azsos.gov. Phoenix: Arizona Secretary of State. November 22, 2024. p. 6.Archived(PDF) from the original on December 31, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025.
Districts (1949–present) (3rd district established in 1963) (4th district established in 1973) (5th district established in 1983) (6th district established in 1993) (7th and 8th districts established in 2003) (9th district established in 2013)
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