Paul Brunton | |
|---|---|
| Born | Raphael Hurst (1898-10-21)October 21, 1898 |
| Died | June 27, 1981(1981-06-27) (aged 82) |
| Occupation | Author |
| Language | English |
| Nationality | British |
| Notable works | A Search in Secret India |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Kenneth Thurston Hurst (b.1923) |
Paul Brunton is the pen name ofRaphael Hurst (21 October 1898 – 27 July 1981), a British author of spiritual books. He is best known as one of the early popularizers ofNeo-Hindu spiritualism in westernesotericism, notably via his bestsellingA Search in Secret India (1934) which has been translated into over 20 languages.
Brunton was a proponent of a doctrine of "Mentalism", orOriental Mentalism to distinguish it fromsubjective idealism of the western tradition.[1][2] Brunton expounds his doctrine of Mentalism inThe Hidden Teaching Beyond Yoga (1941, new ed. 2015 North Atlantic Books),The Wisdom of the Overself (1943, new ed. 2015 North Atlantic Books) and in the posthumous publication ofThe Notebooks of Paul Brunton in 16 volumes (Larson Publications, 1984–88).
Hurst was born inLondon in 1898. He served in a tank division during theFirst World War, and later devoted himself to mysticism and came into contact withTheosophists.He married Karen Augusta Tuttrup in 1921, with whom he had a son, Kenneth Thurston Hurst (b. 1923).After his wife had an affair with his friend Leonard Gill, the marriage ended in divorce in 1926, but Hurst remained on friendly terms with his ex-wife and with Gill.He was a bookseller and journalist, and wrote under various pseudonyms, including Raphael Meriden and Raphael Delmonte.Being partner of an occult bookshop, TheAtlantis Bookshop, inBloomsbury, Hurst came into contact with both the literary and occult Britishintelligentsia of the 1920s.
In 1930, Hurst embarked on a voyage to India, which brought him into contact withMeher Baba, Vishuddhananda Paramahansa,Paramacharya of Kancheepuram andRamana Maharshi. At the Paramacharya's insistence, he met Bhagavan Ramana Maharshi, which led to a turn of events culminating in revealing Ramana to the western world.Hurst's first visit to Sri Ramana'sashram took place in 1931. During this visit, Hurst was accompanied by a Buddhistbhikshu, formerly a military officer but meanwhile known as Swami Prajnananda, the founder of the English ashram inRangoon.Hurst asked several questions, including "What is the way to God-realization?" and Maharshi said: "Vichara, asking yourself the 'Who am I?' enquiry into the nature of your Self."[3]
Paul Brunton was the pseudonym under whichA Search in Secret India was published in 1934. The book became a bestseller, and Hurst afterwards stuck to publishing under this name.
Brunton has been credited with introducing Ramana Maharshi to the West through his booksA Search in Secret India andThe Secret Path.[4]
One day—sitting with Ramana Maharshi—Brunton had an experience which Steve Taylor names "an experience of genuine enlightenment which changed him forever". Brunton describes it in the following way:
I find myself outside the rim of world consciousness. The planet which has so far harboured me disappears. I am in the midst of an ocean of blazing light. The latter, I feel rather than think, is the primeval stuff out of which worlds are created, the first state of matter. It stretches away into untellable infinite space, incredibly alive.[5]
Brunton was in India during World War II, as a guest of theMaharaja of Mysore,Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV.[6][7] He dedicated his bookThe Quest of the Overself to the Maharaja and when the Maharaja died in 1940, he was present at his funeral.[8]
Brunton commented on Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian independence movement:
I discover, too, that he has not yet succumbed to the hysteria for politics which has attacked most of the young students in the towns, though India is now in the throes of the long turmoil which Gandhi has aroused into being in his effort to disturb the relations between white rulers and brown ruled.[9]
In the 1940s and 1950s, Brunton occasionally stayed as a guest, for a few weeks at a time, about six months total, with the parents of controversial American author and former psychoanalystJeffrey Masson. In 1956, Brunton decided that a third world war was imminent and the Massons moved toMontevideo, since this location was considered safe. FromUruguay, Masson went with Brunton's encouragement to study Sanskrit at Harvard. Brunton himself did not move to South America, instead spending some time living inNew Zealand. In 1993, Masson wrote a critical account of Brunton titledMy Father's Guru: A Journey Through Spirituality and Disillusion.[10]
In the 1950s, Brunton retired from publishing books and devoted himself to writing essays and notes. Upon his death in 1981 inVevey, Switzerland, it was noted that in the period since the last published book in 1952, he had rendered about 20,000 pages of philosophical writing.
A longtime friend of Brunton's, philosopher Anthony Damiani, foundedWisdom's Goldenrod Center for Philosophic Studies in 1972.[11] Swedish publisher Robert Larson helped to start Larson Publications (USA) which completed the publication of the 16-volume set ofThe Notebooks of Paul Brunton in 1988. Brunton's son Kenneth Hurst helped form the Paul Brunton Philosophic Foundation which continues to publish and archive Paul Brunton's literary legacy (the physical archive is now located in the Cornell University Library).
Brunton was avegan for ethical and spiritual reasons.[12] Early in his life he was interested in occultism and regularly contributed to theOccult Review, attendedTheosophical Society meetings in London and joined theSpiritualist Association of Great Britain.[13]
The world is the invention of Universal Mind.
We like to reiterate that 'everything is relative'...
Ramana Maharshi...was revealed to the wider world outside India by Paul Brunton...
This is a critical account of growing up with a guru in the house. Yet that "guru" who by his own account never accepted "disciples" and only ever called himself a "student" of the subjects he was writing about, spent a total of only six months as a house-guest of the Massons, staying no more than a few weeks at a time during the period in question. Thus Masson either sincerely--from a small child's perspective at the time; or wilfully distorted the facts. Anyone who knows Brunton knows he never claimed to be anyone's guru, and remained fiercely independent in his thoughts and movements.
