Duke was diagnosed withbipolar disorder in 1982. Following her diagnosis, she devoted much of her time to advocating for and educating the public on mental health. She was also an occasional singer and author.
Patty Duke was born Anna Marie Duke on December 14, 1946 atBellevue Hospital inManhattan[2] to Frances Margaret (née McMahon) (1913–1993), a cashier, and John Patrick Duke (1913–1964), a handyman and cab driver,[3] who was of Irish descent.[4] She was the youngest of three children. She was raisedRoman Catholic.[5]
Duke spent her early life in theElmhurst neighborhood ofQueens,[2] where her brother Raymond, her sister Carol, and she experienced a difficult childhood. Their father was an alcoholic, and their mother suffered fromclinical depression and was prone to violence. When Duke was six, her mother forced her father to leave the family home. When Duke was eight, her care was turned over to talent managers John and Ethel Ross who, after promoting Patty's brother, were looking for a girl to add to their stable of child actors.[6][7]
The Rosses' methods of managing Duke's career were often unscrupulous and exploitative. They consistently billed Duke as being two years younger than she actually was and padded her resume with false credits.[8] They gave her alcohol and prescription drugs, took unreasonably high fees from her earnings, and made sexual advances to her.[7] She never saw her father and saw her mother only when she visited to do the Rosses' laundry.[9] In addition, the Rosses made Duke change her name. "Anna Marie is dead," they said. "You're Patty now."[7] They hoped that Patty Duke would duplicate the success ofPatty McCormack.[10]
One of Duke's early acting roles was in the late 1950s on the soap operaThe Brighter Day.[11] She also appeared in print ads and in television commercials. In 1959, at the age of 12, Duke was a contestant onThe $64,000 Question and won $32,000; her category of expertise, according to her autobiographyCall Me Anna, was popular music.[12] Thegame show was revealed to have been rigged, and she was called to testify before a panel of the United States Senate. Duke eventually testified before congressional investigators and broke into tears when she admitted she had been coached to speak falsely.[13]
Duke in a publicity photo from December 1959
Also in 1959, Duke appeared in a television adaptation ofMeet Me in St. Louis as Tootie Smith, the role that had originated in the film version byMargaret O'Brien. Duke's first major starring role wasHelen Keller (withAnne Bancroft asAnne Sullivan), in the Broadway playThe Miracle Worker, which ran from October 1959 to July 1961. Duke originated the role of Keller on Broadway, althoughPatty McCormack actually originated the role in its earlier original presentation as a live television drama onPlayhouse 90.[14] During the run, Duke's name was elevated above the play's title on the theater's billboard, believed to be the first time this had been done for such a young star.[15] The play was subsequently made into a1962 film for which Duke received theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actress.[16] Before the film started shooting, the actress and activist Helen Keller briefly met.[17] At 16, Duke was the youngest person at that time to have received an Academy Award in a competitive category.[16] Duke returned to television, this time starring withLaurence Olivier andGeorge C. Scott in a television production ofThe Power and the Glory (1961).
Duke's own series,The Patty Duke Show, created bySidney Sheldon especially for her, in the wake of the 1961 Walt Disney hit movieThe Parent Trap withHayley Mills as identical twins. The series premiered two years afterParent Trap, in September 1963. At that time, Duke had not been diagnosed as havingbipolar disorder, but Sheldon did notice that she had two distinct sides to her personality, so he developed the concept of identical cousins with contrasting personalities.[18] Duke portrayed both main characters: Patricia "Patty" Lane, a fun-loving American teenager who occasionally got into trouble at school and home, and her prim and proper "identical cousin" from Scotland, Catherine "Cathy" Lane.William Schallert portrayed Patty's father, Martin, and his twin brother, Kenneth, Cathy's father;Jean Byron played her mother, Natalie;Paul O'Keefe was her younger brother, Ross; andEddie Applegate portrayed her boyfriend, Richard Harrison (though the actor was more than a decade older than Duke).[15] The show also featured such high-profile guest stars asSammy Davis Jr.,Peter Lawford,Paul Lynde, andSal Mineo. The series lasted three seasons and earned Duke anEmmy Award nomination. In 1999, the program's characters were revisited and updated inThe Patty Duke Show: Still Rockin' in Brooklyn Heights, withCindy Williams taking on the villain role of Sue Ellen Turner when Kitty Sullivan was unable to reprise her role.
Duke as Patty Lane onThe Patty Duke Show, 1965
After the cancellation ofThe Patty Duke Show in 1966, Duke began her adult acting career by playing Neely O'Hara inValley of the Dolls (1967).[16] The film was a box-office success, but audiences and critics had a difficult time accepting all-American-teenager Duke as an alcoholic, drug-addicted singing star. While the film has since become acamp classic—thanks in large part to Duke's over-the-top performance[19]—at the time it almost ruined her career. In 1969, Duke starred inMe, Natalie, in which she played an "ugly duckling" Brooklyn teenager struggling to make a life for herself in theBohemian world ofGreenwich Village. Duke won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress (Musical or Comedy) for the role.[20][21]
Duke returned to television in 1970, starring in a made-for-TV movie,My Sweet Charlie. Her portrayal of a pregnant teenager on the run won Duke her first Emmy Award. Her acceptance speech was rambling and disjointed,[7] leading many in the industry to believe she was drunk or using drugs at the time. In fact, Duke was experiencing a manic phase of her bipolar disorder, which remained undiagnosed until 1982.[22] She received her second Emmy in 1977 for the TV miniseriesCaptains and the Kings and her third in 1980 for a TV version of her 1979 stage revival ofThe Miracle Worker, this time playing Anne Sullivan toMelissa Gilbert's Helen Keller. Her turns in the made-for-TV moviesThe Women's Room (1980) andGeorge Washington (1984) both garnered her Emmy nominations. In the 1980s, Duke was cast in a number of short-lived TV series. The ABC sitcomIt Takes Two, fromSoap andBenson creatorSusan Harris, was cancelled after one season;Hail to the Chief, in which she appeared as the first female President of the United States;[15] and a comedy,Karen's Song, which aired on the fledglingFox network.[23]
Duke's film roles in the 1980s included the Canadian filmBy Design (1981), which garnered her aGenie Award nomination for Best Foreign Actress, and the made-for-TV movieA Time to Triumph (1986), the true story of Concetta Hassan, a woman who struggles to support her family after her husband is injured, but who eventually becomes a United States Army helicopter pilot. In 1990, Duke's autobiography,Call Me Anna, was adapted for television; she played herself from her mid-30s onward. In 1992, Duke portrayed the mother ofMeg Ryan's character in the film adaptation of the playPrelude to a Kiss. Duke received an Emmy nomination in 1999 for her appearances in three episodes ofTouched by an Angel.
In 1985, Duke became the second woman, afterKathleen Nolan, to be elected president of theScreen Actors Guild, a post she held until 1988.[16] Her tenure as president was marked by factional in-fighting and controversy; however, she gained respect for managing to maintain solidarity among the guild's members.[24] During her term, she led industrial actions and contract negotiations and oversaw the relocation of the guild's headquarters.[24]
Duke reprising her role asCathy Lane in a series of U.S. governmentSocial Security promotions for filing for Social Security online, 2011
Duke gradually reduced her work schedule in the 2000s but took occasional TV roles, including guest appearances on shows such asGlee[25] and the reboot ofHawaii Five-0. In 2011, she joined the cast of the dramaThe Protector.[26] She also returned to the stage on occasion—in 2002 as Aunt Eller in a revival ofOklahoma! on Broadway[27] and in 2009 asMadame Morrible in the San Francisco production of the musicalWicked.[28] In May 2011, Duke directed the stage version ofThe Miracle Worker at the now defunct Interplayers Theater inSpokane, Washington.[29] In 2010, she hosted a PBS TV specialWhen Irish Eyes Are Smiling: An Irish Parade Of Stars. The special was part of the My Music series and featured Irish and Irish-American folk music and sentimental standards.
In 2011, Duke appeared inpublic service announcements for the U.S. government, promoting theSocial Security website. In several, she appeared as Patty and Cathy using split-screen effects. In others, she appeared withGeorge Takei wearing aStar Trek-like costume.[30] In 2015, Duke made her final TV appearance, guest-starring onLiv and Maddie as Grandma Janice and Great-aunt Hilary, a pair of identical twins.[31]
Duke on the cover of music publicationCash Box, December 11, 1965
Like many teen stars of the era, and bolstered somewhat by her appearance in the musicalBillie, Duke had a successful singing career, including two top-40 hits in 1965, "Don't Just Stand There" (number eight) and "Say Something Funny" (number 22).[32] She also performed on TV shows such asThe Ed Sullivan Show.[33]
In 1987, Duke revealed in her autobiography that she had been diagnosed with manic depression (now calledbipolar disorder) in 1982, becoming one of the first public figures to speak out about her personal experience of mental illness.[7] She also suffered fromanorexia nervosa and during her teenaged years, weighed as little as 76 pounds.[9] She attempted suicide in 1967 and was again hospitalized for mental health problems in 1969, eventually being diagnosed as manic depressive in 1982.[9] Her treatment, which included the use oflithium as medication and therapy, successfully stabilized her moods. She subsequently became an activist for mental health causes.[7] She lobbied theUnited States Congress and joined forces with theNational Institute of Mental Health and theNational Alliance on Mental Illness to increase awareness, funding, and research for people with mental illness.[22] In 2007, Duke appeared onThe Oprah Winfrey Show, talking about her bipolar disorder.[34]
Duke wrote three books. Her autobiography,Call Me Anna (ISBN0-553-27205-5) was published in 1987 andBrilliant Madness: Living with Manic Depressive Illness (ISBN0-553-56072-7) was published in 1992.[35]The third,In The Presence of Greatness—My Sixty Year Journey as an Actress (ISBN9781629332352) (with William J. Jankowski), published posthumously in February 2018, is a collection of essays about her experiences with other artists and celebrities.
Over the course of her career, Duke received anAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actress, three Emmy Awards in 10 nominations,[15][1] and twoGolden Globe Awards amongst four nominations.[36][21] In 1963, when she won her Academy Award, Duke became the youngest person to ever win an Academy Award in a competitive category.[37]
On August 17, 2004, Duke received a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame for her contribution to the motion-picture industry.[38] On December 14, 2007, her 61st birthday, Duke was awarded an honorary doctorate in humane letters degree from theUniversity of North Florida for her work in advancing awareness of mental health issues.[39] On March 6, 2010, she was awarded an honorary doctorate in humane letters degree from theUniversity of Maryland Eastern Shore.[40]
Duke was married four times and had three children. A Catholic, Duke had dreams of becoming a nun in her youth.[41][42] In her later life, she studied a number of different religions, commenting in 1995: "To suggest that one must spoutMoses or Jesus orBuddha or chant like Tibetan monks in order to be religious, I believe, is not to walk in the path of Christ... I have been aChristian Scientist. If there's a religious definition of 'dabbler', I guess that would be me. I have studiedBuddhism. There was a time when I very seriously consideredJudaism. And, yes, I do go to church now. I go to aUnity Church. I also go to Catholic church occasionally because the child in me desperately needs the bells and smells."[5]
In 1965, at age 18, Duke married directorHarry Falk, who was 13 years her senior. It led to the end of Duke's relationship with her childhood guardians, the Rosses.[9] During their marriage, she had repeated mood swings, drank heavily, becameanorexic, and overdosed on pills a number of times. The couple divorced in 1969.[6]
In early 1970, at age 23, Duke became involved with three men at the same time: 17-year-oldHere's Lucy starDesi Arnaz Jr.,[6] actorJohn Astin (who was 16 years her senior), androck music promoter Michael Tell.[43][44] The relationship with Arnaz was widely publicized, due in part to the vocal and public opposition of Arnaz's mother, actress andproduction company executiveLucille Ball. By late spring, Duke and Arnaz had broken off their relationship.
In June 1970, Duke learned that she was pregnant; she then married Michael Tell on June 26, 1970, during a manic phase,[citation needed] to "give (her child) a name."[43] Their marriage lasted 13 days before ending in anannulment on July 9, 1970.[6] Her son, actorSean Astin, was born on February 25, 1971; she later told him that Arnaz was his biological father.[43] Duke wrote in her 1987 autobiography that the marriage to Tell was never consummated, and that Astin was Sean's biological father, emphasizing those two assertions in several parts of the book. Both of her statements on these matters appear to have been incorrect: in 1994, biological tests determined that Tell was Sean's biological father.[45][46][44]
Duke married John Astin on August 5, 1972. Astin adopted Sean, and the couple had a son together, actorMackenzie Astin.[15] Duke and Astin worked together extensively during their marriage, and she took his name professionally, becoming "Patty Duke Astin". During this period, Duke underwent a hysterectomy.[9] Duke also adopted Astin's other three sons; years later in 1998, they reversed the adoption with Duke's approval.[47] The couple divorced in 1985.
Duke married her fourth husband,drill sergeant Michael Pearce, in 1986, and remained married to him until her death 30 years later. Duke and Pearce had met during the production ofA Time to Triumph, for which Pearce served as a consultant.[16] Pearce had two daughters, Raelene and Charlene, to whom Duke became an enthusiastic stepmother.[48] The couple moved toHayden, Idaho, and adopted a son, Kevin, who was born in 1988.[16] From her marriage to Pearce until her death in 2016, Duke occasionally used the name "Anna Duke-Pearce" in her writings and other professional work.[16]
Duke had three granddaughters by her eldest son Sean, actresses Alexandra, Elizabeth, and Isabella.[49]
Duke died on the morning of March 29, 2016[50] inCoeur d'Alene, Idaho, ofsepsis from aruptured intestine at the age of 69.[51] Her sonSean Astin invited the public to contribute to a mental-health foundation in his mother's name, the Patty Duke Mental Health Initiative.[52] She was cremated and her ashes were interred at Forest Cemetery in Coeur d'Alene.[53]
Note: After years of remaining unreleased,Patty Duke Sings Folk Songs: Time to Move On was released by Real Gone Music (under Capitol records) on CD and digital download in 2013.
^Astin, Allen (April 4, 2016)."Anna's Passing".The Dawn of Awareness. RetrievedJune 5, 2017.Years later, as an adult, I felt that the adoption was a mistake and I asked Anna if she would be hurt if I reversed the adoption and/or would she contest the action. She was happy for me and completely agreed that the reversal was the right decision.