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Patty

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Serving of chopped ingredients formed into a disc
For other uses, seePatty (disambiguation).
This article is about ground or chopped ingredients formed into a disc. For ingredients encased in pastry or puff pastry, seeTurnover (food).

Patty
A ground beef hamburger patty
Alternative namesBurger
TypeMain dish,Sandwich
Serving temperatureHot
Main ingredientsGround meat,meat alternatives, vegetables, grains, and/or legumes

Apatty is a flattened, usually round,serving ofground meat orlegumes,grains,vegetables, ormeat alternatives. Common ground meat used includebeef,bison,elk,turkey,chicken,ostrich, andsalmon. Patties are found in multiple cuisines throughout the world.

The ingredients are compacted and shaped, usually cooked, and served in various ways.

Etymology

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The term originated in the 17th century as an English alteration of the French wordpâté, originally meaning a pastry with a meat filling, and later the filling itself.[1]

Terminology

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The term "patty" is used in many varieties ofEnglish, but less frequently inBritain andIreland than in theUnited States.[2] Merriam-Webster defines it as "a small flat cake of chopped food",[3]Cambridge as "pieces of food, especially meat, formed into a thin, circular shape and then usually cooked".[4] In some countries, patties may be called "discs."[5]

Similar-shaped cakes not made from ground beef may also be called "burgers": "fish burgers" may be made from reshapedmechanically separated meat.[6] Patties made from chicken meat may be called chicken patties.[citation needed]

Veggie burger patties are made without meat and instead use legumes, grains, other mixed vegetables, and/or soy products such astofu ortempeh orseitan, a product made of wheat gluten, often mixed with a binding agent.[7][8][9]

Variations and serving styles

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Croquettes

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ground meat patty
Korokke

Patties can be breaded and deep-fried, producingcroquettes such ascrab cakes.[10] InIreland, traditionalchippers often servebatter burgers (a beef-based patty dipped inbatter anddeep fried). A batter burger served as a sandwich is called awurly burger, and is believed to have been invented by the Mona Lisa chipper inCrumlin, Dublin.[11] In Japan theKorokke is an example.[12]Rissoles are meat (typically beef), or fish and other ingredients, coated in breadcrumbs or less frequently battered, and deep-fried; they are found in various European cuisines.[13]

Cutlets

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ground meat patty, cooked
Salisbury steak

Patties can be treated as acutlet and eaten with a knife and fork in dishes likeSalisbury steak, the GermanHamburg steak, or the Serbo-Croatianpljeskavica, or with chopsticks in dishes such asSongjeongtteok-galbi.[14][15] Other examples include the RussianPozharsky cutlet.[16][17]

Fritters

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Aloo tikki is a potato patty that originated in the Indian subcontinent.[18] A related dish isragda pattice, which covers the potato patty in a gravy.[19]

Anarepa is a dish ofmaize and other ingredients shaped into a patty andgriddled; it has been eaten in parts of Central and South American sincepre-Columbian times.[20]

Quenelles

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Gefilte fish

Gefilte fish is often served as aquenelle, a patty shaped into a flattened egg.[21]

Sandwich fillings

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Ground beef patty between two disks made of compressed rice
Rice burger

Patties are often served assandwiches, typically inbuns, making a type of sandwich called a "burger", or ahamburger if the patty is made fromground beef, or sometimes between slices of bread.[citation needed] An Americanpatty melt is a ground beef patty topped with melted cheese (typicallySwiss) served on toasted bread, typicallyrye.[22]

InIreland, traditionalchippers often serve sandwiches calledspice burgers.[23]

In Japan and Korea, a ground beef patty is sometimes served as a sandwich on a "bun" made of compressed rice; the sandwich is called arice burger.[24]

Tartares

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Raw beef shaped into a disk and garnished with a quail egg
Steak tartare

Some patties, likesteak tartare and Middle Easternkibbeh nayeh, are served raw.[25][26]

Commercial production

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Two pre-formed hamburger patties

Commercially produced patties are machine-formed.[9]

Withmass-produced patties, it is not uncommon to find them with seemingly abnormal shapes or a bumpy perimeter. These groove-like bumps are caused by the machine that forms the patties. They are used in production to keep the patties in line, so they will not fall off the assembly line, and can be manipulated by the various machines. In other boxed patties, small punctures can be seen in the top and bottom sides of the patty. These punctures are there for similar reasons.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Patty".Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  2. ^Google ngrams comparison of the phrase "hamburger patty/ies" in US and UK English.[1]
  3. ^"Definition of PATTY".www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  4. ^"PATTY | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary".dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  5. ^Malkin, Elisabeth (6 April 2019)."'Veggie Discs' Could Replace Burgers Under European Food Labeling Proposal".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  6. ^Costa, Denise Pinheiro Soncini da; Gonçalves, Tania Maria Vinturin; Conti-Silva, Ana Carolina (28 November 2019)."Potentiality of Using Mechanically Separated Meats of Nile Tilapia in Fishburgers: Chemical, Physical and Sensory Characterization".Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology.62.doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2019180436.hdl:11449/200142.S2CID 213932907. Retrieved25 September 2020.
  7. ^"What's Inside Your Veggie Burger?". Archived fromthe original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved8 October 2015.
  8. ^"A Breakdown of What's Inside Your Veggie Burger".Spoon University. 10 June 2016. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  9. ^ab"How It's Made: Veggie Burgers".Science Channel. 8 July 2011. Archived fromthe original on 7 October 2013. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  10. ^"Bitter Strikes Brought Deviled Crabs | Cigar City Magazine".archive.vn. 22 July 2012. Archived fromthe original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  11. ^Mullally, Una (23 May 2011)."On the batter for National Fish and Chips Day".The Irish Times. Retrieved25 September 2020.
  12. ^"Korokke no Rekishi (The history of Korokke)".
  13. ^RissolesFoodsOfEngland.co.uk. Accessed July 2020.
  14. ^"Tteok-galbi"떡갈비.Korean Food Foundation (in Korean). Archived fromthe original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved2 August 2017.
  15. ^Bartholomeusz, Rachel (5 May 2016)."Is there a wrong way to use chopsticks?".SBS. Retrieved2 August 2017.
  16. ^Павел Сюткин, Ольга Сюткина.Непридуманная история русской кухни.Котлетная история. Moscow: Астрель, 2015 (in Russian).ISBN 978-5-45717-598-3.
  17. ^Н. А. Лопатина. История пожарских котлет. Тверь: ТО "Книжный клуб", 2014 (in Russian).ISBN 978-5-903830-44-2
  18. ^"At Houses Of Worship, Women Serve Food For A Higher Purpose".NPR. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  19. ^"Ragda Patties: The Crispy Potato Patty and Chickpea Curry Combination That Will Set Your Heart Racing".NDTV Food. Retrieved24 September 2020.
  20. ^"Arepas Are Conquering The World — But Dying At Home In Venezuela".NPR. Retrieved24 October 2017.
  21. ^Marks, Gil (17 November 2010).Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. HMH.ISBN 978-0-544-18631-6.
  22. ^Ellis-Christensen, Tricia."What is a Patty Melt?".Wisegeek. Retrieved17 June 2014.
  23. ^"Legal row over spice burger 'secret recipe'".RTÉ. 25 August 2009. Retrieved29 September 2009.
  24. ^Walker, Harlan (1997).Food on the Move: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery, 1996. Oxford Symposium.ISBN 978-0-907325-79-6.
  25. ^Murrey, Thomas Jefferson (1887)."Eating Before Sleeping"(PDF).Cookery for Invalids (1st ed.). New York City: White Stokes & Allen. pp. 30–33. Retrieved24 December 2013.
  26. ^Marks, Gil (17 November 2010).Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. HMH.ISBN 978-0-544-18631-6.
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