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Party of Democratic Action

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bosniak political party
For eponymous parties, seeParty of Democratic Action (disambiguation).

Party of Democratic Action
Stranka demokratske akcije
AbbreviationSDA
PresidentBakir Izetbegović
Secretary GeneralHalid Genjac
Vice Presidents
FounderAlija Izetbegović
Founded26 May 1990; 35 years ago (1990-05-26)
HeadquartersMehmeda Spahe 14,Sarajevo
Youth wingYouth Association SDA
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing[21]
European affiliationEuropean People's Party (observer)[22]
International affiliationInternational Democracy Union (formerly)
Colours
  •   Green
Slogan"Snaga naroda!"
"Power of the people!"
Anthem"Ja sin sam tvoj, zemljo"
"I am your son, oh land"
HoP BiH
2 / 15
HoR BiH
8 / 42
HoP FBiH
15 / 80
HoR FBiH
26 / 98
NA RS
1 / 83
Mayors
32 / 145
Party flag
Flag of the Party of Democratic Action
Website
www.sda.ba

TheParty of Democratic Action (Bosnian:Stranka demokratske akcije; abbr.SDA) is aBosniak nationalist andconservative political party inBosnia and Herzegovina.[23][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

History

[edit]

The Party of Democratic Action (SDA) was founded on 26 May 1990 inSarajevo, as a "party of Muslim cultural-historic circle". It was a realisation ofAlija Izetbegović's idea of an Islamic religious and national party inBosnia and Herzegovina. Many members of theIslamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, includingimams, took part in the party's foundation. Alija, who was chosen as its chairman, tried to resolve disputes between the Muslim nationalist Islamists led byOmer Behmen and the left-wing Muslims led byAdil Zulfikarpašić.[10] The party has its roots in the oldYugoslav Muslim Organization, a conservative Muslim party in theKingdom of Yugoslavia.Yugoslav Muslim Organization was a successor of Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Muslim National Organization), a conservative Muslim party founded in 1906 during the Austro-Hungarian era. The Muslim National Organization was itself a successor of the conservative Muslim "Movement forwaqf and educational autonomy" (Pokret za vakufsko-mearifsku autonomiju) that goes back to 1887.

The SDA achieved considerable success in elections after thebreakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. It founded the newspaperLjiljan. The party remains the strongest political party among the Bosniak population in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In November 2000, the party was defeated by theSocial Democratic Party and other parties gathered into the "Alliance for Change", and found itself in opposition for the first time since its creation.[24][clarification needed] After the2022 general election, the SDA became once again the largest party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The party has branches inSlovenia,Kosovo,North Macedonia,Croatia and theSandžak region ofSerbia. One of the goals of the party, outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, is to represent and defend the interests of Bosniaks and other MuslimSouth Slavs in the entireBalkan region. InMontenegro, the SDA merged with smaller Bosniak and Slavic Muslim parties to create theBosniak Party.

The party is an observer member of theEuropean People's Party (EPP).

Ideology

[edit]

The Party of Democratic Action is the primary stronghold for right-orientatedBosniaks, especially fornationalists, andconservatives. The party has been also described assecularist by some researchers.[25][26]Islamist ideologies exist in the party but tends to represent itself mainly among the elite apparatus of the party.[27][28] The party supports the centralization of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[29] On foreign stances they also tend to beatlanticist and supportive of the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina toNATO and theEuropean Union.[28][19]

List of presidents

[edit]
Further information:List of chairpersons of the Party of Democratic Action
NameTerm of Office
1Alija Izetbegović1990–2001
2Sulejman Tihić2001–2014
3Bakir Izetbegović2014–present

Elections

[edit]

Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit]
Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
YearLeader#Popular vote%Seats wonGovernment
1990Alija Izetbegović1st711,07531.48
86 / 240
Coalition
Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina
YearLeader#Popular vote%HoRSeat changeHoPSeat changeGovernment
1996Alija Izetbegović1st909,97037.92
19 / 42
New
5 / 15
NewCoalition
1998[a]1st583,89533.83
13 / 42
Decrease 6
3 / 15
Decrease 2Coalition
20001st279,54818.76
8 / 42
Decrease 5
2 / 15
Decrease 1Opposition
2002Sulejman Tihić1st269,42721.92
10 / 42
Increase 2
4 / 15
Increase 2Coalition
20062nd238,47516.89
9 / 42
Decrease 1
3 / 15
Decrease 1Coalition
20103rd214,30013.05
7 / 42
Decrease 2
3 / 15
Steady 0Coalition(2010–2012)
Opposition(2012–2014)
2014Bakir Izetbegović1st305,71518.73
10 / 42
Increase 3
3 / 15
Steady 0Coalition
20181st281,75417.01
9 / 42
Decrease 1
3 / 15
Steady 0Coalition
20221st273,54517.23
9 / 42
Steady 0
2 / 15
Decrease 1Opposition

Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit]
Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
YearLeader#Popular vote%HoRSeat changeHoPSeat changeGovernment
1996Alija Izetbegović1st725,81054.34
78 / 140
New
27 / 65
NewCoalition
1998[a]1st456,45849.20
68 / 140
Decrease 10
26 / 72
Decrease 1Coalition
20001st232,67426.81
38 / 140
Decrease 30
11 / 81
Decrease 15Opposition
2002Sulejman Tihić1st234,92333.57
32 / 98
Decrease 6
11 / 58
SteadyCoalition
20061st218,36525.45
28 / 98
Decrease 4
9 / 58
Decrease 2Coalition
20102nd206,92620.22
23 / 98
Decrease 5
9 / 58
SteadyCoalition
2014Bakir Izetbegović1st275,72827.79
29 / 98
Increase 6
10 / 58
Increase 1Coalition
20181st252,81725.25
27 / 98
Decrease 2
9 / 58
Decrease 1Coalition
20221st238,11124.40
26 / 98
Decrease 1
13 / 80
Increase 4Opposition

Presidency elections

[edit]
Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Election year#CandidateVotes%RepresentingElected?
19961stAlija Izetbegović730,59280.0%BosniaksYes
1998[a]1stAlija Izetbegović511,54186.8%BosniaksYes
20021stSulejman Tihić192,66137.2%BosniaksYes
20062ndSulejman Tihić153,68327.5%BosniaksNo
20101stBakir Izetbegović162,83134.8%BosniaksYes
20141stBakir Izetbegović247,23532.8%BosniaksYes
20181stŠefik Džaferović212,58136.6%BosniaksYes
20222ndBakir Izetbegović214,41237.3%BosniaksNo

Cantonal elections

[edit]
Cantonal electionCantonal Assembly
Una-SanaPosavinaTuzlaZenica-DobojBosnian Podrinje GoraždeCentral BosniaHerzegovina-NeretvaWest HerzegovinaSarajevoCanton 10Total won / Total contested
1996
39 / 50
3 / 20
33 / 50
40 / 59
26 / 31
29 / 55
19 / 50
0 / 31
28 / 45
2 / 15
219 / 406
1998
33 / 50
5 / 30
26 / 50
29 / 50
21 / 31
22 / 50
18 / 50
0 / 31
25 / 45
4 / 30
183 / 417
2000
13 / 30
2 / 19
12 / 35
13 / 35
8 / 25
8 / 28
5 / 28
0 / 21
8 / 35
2 / 23
71 / 279
2002
14 / 30
2 / 21
16 / 35
20 / 35
12 / 25
10 / 30
7 / 30
0 / 23
15 / 35
2 / 25
98 / 289
2006
12 / 30
2 / 21
12 / 35
13 / 35
9 / 25
8 / 30
6 / 30
0 / 23
10 / 35
2 / 25
74 / 289
2010
7 / 30
2 / 21
10 / 35
10 / 35
6 / 25
6 / 30
5 / 30
0 / 23
7 / 35
2 / 25
55 / 289
2014
10 / 30
3 / 21
13 / 35
11 / 35
6 / 25
8 / 30
7 / 30
0 / 23
10 / 35
2 / 25
70 / 289
2018
9 / 30
2 / 21
9 / 35
11 / 35
5 / 25
10 / 30
8 / 30
0 / 23
10 / 35
2 / 25
66 / 289
2022
8 / 30
3 / 21
13 / 35
11 / 35
5 / 25
11 / 30
7 / 30
0 / 23
7 / 35
2 / 25
67 / 289

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcRun as part of the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (SDA,SBiH,LS andGDS).

References

[edit]
  1. ^Šedo 2013, p. 31.
  2. ^abcNordsieck, Wolfram (2018)."Bosnia-Herzegovina".Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved10 October 2018.
  3. ^abEralp 2012, p. 28.
  4. ^abBabić 2014, p. 128.
  5. ^abFarmer 2010, p. 126.
  6. ^abKrieger 2012, p. 102.
  7. ^abTottoli 2014, p. 81.
  8. ^abFilipović & 28 July 2000.
  9. ^[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
  10. ^abPerica 2004, p. 87.
  11. ^Babić 2014, p. 128.
  12. ^Farmer 2010, p. 126.
  13. ^Krieger 2012, p. 102.
  14. ^Tottoli 2014, p. 81.
  15. ^Filipović 28 July 2000
  16. ^[10][11][12][13][14][15]
  17. ^"Stav SDA o novoj metodologiji proširenja Evropske unije".ba.n1info.com (in Bosnian). N1. 7 February 2020.
  18. ^Gallagher, Tom (2 September 2003).The Balkans After the Cold War: From Tyranny to Tragedy. Routledge.ISBN 9781134472406.
  19. ^ab"Party Politics in the Western Balkans" edited by Vera Stojarová, Peter Emerson
  20. ^Dyker, David; Vejvoda, Ivan (19 September 2014).Yugoslavia and After: A Study in Fragmentation, Despair and Rebirth. Routledge.ISBN 9781317891352.
  21. ^Nardelli, Alberto; Dzidic, Denis; Jukic, Elvira (8 October 2014)."Bosnia and Herzegovina: the world's most complicated system of government?".The Guardian.
  22. ^Šedo 2013, p. 92.
  23. ^James, Ron (2003).Frontiers and ghettos: State Violence in Serbia and Israel. University of California Press. p. 218.ISBN 9780520236578. Retrieved18 June 2009.
  24. ^Al-Azmeh, Aziz (2007).Islam in Europe: Diversity, Identity, and Influence.Cambridge University Press. p. 118.ISBN 9780521860116. Retrieved18 June 2009.
  25. ^"Innocence and Victimhood: Gender, Nation, and Women’s Activism in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina", Elizabeth Helms, University of Wisconsin Press
  26. ^"Islam and Bosnia: Conflict Resolution and Foreign Policy in Multi-ethnic States", edited byMaya Shatzmiller, McGill-Queen's University Press
  27. ^Xavier Bougarel, "Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Surviving Empires", Bloomsbury
  28. ^abXavier Bougarel. "Bosnian Islam since 1990: Cultural Identity or Political Ideology?", Convention annuelle de l’Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN), p. 3
  29. ^"Bosnia-Herzegovina political briefing: BIH's Troyka Agreement – ambitious or premature plan to exit from 10 months-long government crisis? – China-CEE Institute". 11 October 2019.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Babić, Marko (2014). Milosevic, Marko; Rekawek, Kacper (eds.).Perseverance of Terrorism: Focus on Leaders. Amsterdam: IOS Press.ISBN 9781614993872.
  • Eralp, Doğa Ulaş (2012).Politics of the European Union in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Between Conflict and Democracy. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.ISBN 9780739149478.
  • Farmer, Brian R. (2010).Radical Islam in the West: Ideology and Challenge. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.ISBN 9780786462100.
  • Krieger, Joel (2012).The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780199738595.
  • Perica, Vjekoslav (2004).Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780195174298.
  • Šedo, Jakub (2013). "The party system of Bosnia and Herzegovina". In Stojarová, Vera; Emerson, Peter (eds.).Party Politics in the Western Balkans. New York: Routledge.ISBN 9781135235857.
  • Tottoli, Roberto (2014).Routledge Handbook of Islam in the West. London: Routledge.ISBN 9781317744023.

Further reading

[edit]

External links

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