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Anelectoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found inproportional ormixed electoral systems, but also in some pluralityelectoral systems. An electoral list can be registered by apolitical party (aparty list) or can constitute a group of independent candidates. Lists can beopen, in which case electors have some influence over the ranking of the winning candidates, orclosed, in which case the order of candidates is fixed at the registration of the list.
Electoral lists are required forparty-list proportional representation systems.
An electoral list is made according to the applyingnomination rules andelection rules. Depending on the type of election, apolitical party, ageneral assembly, or a board meeting, may elect or appoint anominating committee that will add, and if required, prioritize list-candidates according to their preferences. Qualification, popularity, gender, age, geography, and occupation are preferences that may influence the committee's work. The committee's proposed list may then be changed in a selection meeting, where new candidates may be added, or existing candidates may be moved or removed from the list.[1] When the internal process is over, the final list is made public. The list may be printed on theballot paper cast by voters at the election, or on a separate voter information paper.
When an elected representative vacates their seat, thecasual vacancy in a list-PR system is typically filled by the highest-ranked candidate on the departed representative's list who was not already elected. For personal or party-strategic reasons, this person may choose to cede the place to a lower-ranked colleague.
Replacement lists are sometimes used to fill casual vacancies insingle transferable vote electoral systems. An example isEuropean Parliament elections in Ireland since1984.[2]
In New Zealand'smixed-member proportional (MMP) system, the "party list" refers to theclosed list of candidates nominated by aregistered party for election to theNew Zealand Parliament. Voters cast two votes: one for anelectorate candidate and one for the party at large. The "party vote" generally determines the overall distribution of seats in Parliament, with candidates from the party list being elected based on their ranking on the list.[3]
The state list (German:Landesliste) is a closed list of candidates nominated byparties at thestate level, used in Germany'smixed-member proportional (MMP) system to allocate seats based on the party's share of the second vote (Zweitstimme).
