Parliament of Somaliland Baarlamaanka Somaliland البرلمان في ارض الصومال | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Houses |  House of Elders House of Representatives |
| History | |
| Founded | 1990 (1990) |
| Leadership | |
Speaker of theHouse of Elders | Suleiman Mohamoud Adan since August, 2004 |
Speaker of theHouse of Representatives | |
| Meeting place | |
| Hargeisa,Somaliland | |
| Website | |
| somalilandparliament | |
|
|---|
Constitution |
 Somaliland portal |
TheParliament of Somaliland consists of two chambers:
The current speakership position was established in the 1990s, following the formation of theSomaliland polity. Since July 2023,Yasin Haji Mohamoud has been the Speaker of the House of Representatives ofSomaliland, whileSaid Mire Farah is the first deputy speaker andAli Hamud the second deputy speaker.[1][2] The Speaker of the House of Elders isSuleiman Mohamoud Adan, who was elected in 2004.[3]
In 2002, Somaliland held itsfirst multiparty municipal elections since independence, for district councils.[4]
The following year in 2003, Somaliland held itsfirst presidential elections. The result was a victory for incumbent PresidentDahir Riyale Kahin, who won by a margin of just 0.01%. The outcome was initially rejected by the main opposition, which led to violence and a subsequent ban on public protests for a ten-day period starting on 22 April.[5] Nevertheless, theInternational Crisis Group labeled the election a democratic "milestone" for the breakaway state.[6]
On 11 May the Somaliland Supreme Court endorsed Kahin's victory.[7] He was sworn in on 16 May.[8]
In 2005, Somaliland held itsfirst parliamentary elections, the 82 members of theHouse of Representatives were elected byopen listproportional representation with the six multi-member constituencies based on theregions. The number of seats for each region was based on those used for the1960 elections and multiplied by 2.5[9]
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud “Silanyo” (Kulmiye) defeated incumbent Dahir Riyale (UDUB). President Riyale had publicly announced that he would step down and hand over power peacefully if he was defeated.[10]
President Riyale’s third term of office should have expired on 15 May 2008. The election that was to have been held at least one month earlier had been rescheduled six times. The last delay was ostensibly caused by the unilateral decision of the previousNational Electoral Commission (NEC) not to use a voter registration list tainted by massive, systematic fraud. This prompted both opposition parties to declare an election boycott and suspend cooperation with the commission. The crisis was defused in September 2009, when the parties, under strong external and internal pressure, accepted amemorandum of understanding (MOU) agreeing to a change in the NEC’s leadership and composition.[11]
In 2012,Municipal elections were held acrossSomaliland.[12] Two of the existing parties,For Justice and Development and thePeace, Unity, and Development Party contested the elections alongside six newly registered political associations.[12]
In November 2017,Presidential elections were held in Somaliland, Muse Bihi Abdi (Kulmiye) won with 55% against Irro, succeeding President Silanyo. The elections were initially postponed by six months due to a drought crisis in the region.[13] The elections to elect thePresident andVice President were eventually held separately on 13 November.[14] Incumbent PresidentAhmed Mohamed Mohamoud of thePeace, Unity, and Development Party (Kulmiye) did not run for a second term.[15]
Somaliland heldnationwide elections in May 2021 for the first time in more than 10 years. TheMuslim-democraticWaddani party won a plurality in the election. Still, it fell short of a majority and allied with the centre-leftJustice and Welfare Party to form a majority.[16]
In the next elections, theSomaliland National Electoral Commission (NEC) announced on November 19, 2024, thatAbdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi (also known as “Irro”) of theWaddani Party won the presidency with 63.92% of the vote. IncumbentMuse Bihi Abdi (Kulmiye Party) received 34.81%, while third-party candidateFaysal Ali Warabe (UCID Party) garnered around 0.74%.[17]
The election had a 53% voter turnout, with around 648,000 of the 1.2 million registered voters participating.[18]
TheSupreme Constitutional Court formally validated these results, confirming Irro’s victory along with that of his running mate,Mohamed Ali Abdi Mohamud, for vice president. The Court similarly approved Waddani as the leading political party, followed by Kulmiye and the newcomer KAAH Party replacing UCID in official party status for the next decade[19]
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