Harlem River Lift Bridge | |
|---|---|
 From downriver | |
| Coordinates | 40°48′40″N73°56′00″W / 40.81114°N 73.93333°W /40.81114; -73.93333 |
| Carries | 4 tracks of theMetro-North Railroad |
| Crosses | Harlem River |
| Locale | Manhattan andthe Bronx inNew York City |
| Maintained by | Metropolitan Transportation Authority |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Vertical lift bridge |
| Longest span | 340 ft (100 m) |
| Clearance below |
|
| History | |
| Opened | 1956 (replacing 1897 bridge) |
| Location | |
 Interactive map of Harlem River Lift Bridge | |
TheHarlem River Lift Bridge[1] (also known as thePark Avenue Bridge) is avertical lift bridge carrying theMetro-North Railroad'sHudson Line,Harlem Line, andNew Haven Line across theHarlem River between theboroughs ofManhattan andthe Bronx inNew York City. The average weekday ridership on the lines is 265,000.[2]
The first bridge on this site was constructed by theNew York and Harlem Railroad in 1841. It was composed of four 90-foot (27 m)-longbox truss spans, three of which were fixed iron spans, while the remaining span was a woodenswing span. In the closed position, the bridge had a clearance of only seven feet above the mean high water level. Masonry piers supported the four box-truss spans. In 1867, the wooden drawbridge was replaced with an iron one that gave a clearance of 50 feet. By the 1880s, the bridge was crossed by more than 200 trains a day.
The 1867 bridge was soon made obsolete by heavy traffic and dredging of theHarlem River Ship Canal. In 1888, theUnited States Department of War began work on theHarlem River to allow for unrestricted shipping activity between the Hudson River and the East River and through the new Harlem River Ship Canal at 225th Street.[3][4]
The New York Central was opposed to the project as the increase in river traffic would interfere with its rail line, which was only 8 feet (2.4 m) above the water. In 1890, theNew York and Northern Railway, a competitor of the New York Central which operated freight traffic to the Bronx shore which relied upon barges to ship its freight, complained to the Department of War about delays to its traffic due to the New York Central's low bridge.[3][4]
To remedy the situation, the Central could have raised the bridge to 24 feet (7.3 m) above the water to satisfy the Department of War, allowing most vessels to cross under the bridge, for $300,000 or replaced it with a tunnel to satisfy the Harlem community for $3 million.[3] The railroad opted to raise the bridge, which was the only four-track drawbridge in the country at the time.Alfred P. Boller worked with the railroad to create the new four-tracked swing bridge.[5] Due to political pressure, it had to raise the grade of its line north of 115th Street on a viaduct, raising the project's cost significantly.[3]
In 1892, a law was passed establishing the Board of Park Avenue Improvement. Under the terms of the law, New York City was to pay for half of the project, with the remainder paid for by the New York Central.[5][6]
The new bridge was to be 400 feet (120 m)-long and was built for about $500,000 by the King Bridge Company. The new bridge was to be 17 feet (5.2 m) higher than the old bridge, as mandated by the Federal Government, making it 24 feet (7.3 m) above the water. The Park Avenue Line's grade had to be raised to allow it to reach the higher bridge, and as a result, a new four-track steel viaduct was built between 132nd Street and 106th Street.[7]
During construction, trains were to run over a temporary wooden structure along with a temporary two-track wooden drawbridge.[6][8] The cost of the entire project was to be $2 million.[9] At the time, construction was expected to begin on September 1, 1893. The work was divided into four sections.[10] The bridge's design was underway in 1894, and in February 1894, the project was expected to be completed in December 1895.[11] Service continued to operate during a complex procedure involving the installation of temporary wooden trestles, trusses, and the installation of columns.[6]
On February 15, 1897, trains on the Harlem Division started running over the new drawbridge over theHarlem River and the elevated structure connecting to it.[12]: 25 [13] The Department of War ordered that the bridge cannot be opened during peak hours, between 7 and 10 a.m. and 4 and 7 p.m.[14]
Between 1954 and 1956, the New York Central Railroad built a fourth rail bridge on this site, this time avertical-lift bridge, to replace the 1897 bridge. The new bridge opened in 1956.[15] The four-track bridge remains in use today and consists of two parallel double-track spans, 340 feet (100 m) long. It has 25 feet (7.6 m) of clearance when closed and 135 feet (41 m) when open.[16] In the 1960s, the bridge came under the ownership of several different companies, includingPenn Central Railroad. Metro-North operates it, referring to it as the Harlem River Lift Bridge.[1]
Crossings of theHarlem River | ||||
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