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Parakanã language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tupi-Guarani language
Parakanã
Native toBrazil
RegionPará
EthnicityParakanã
Native speakers
900 (2004)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3pak
Glottologpara1312
ELPParakanã

Parakanã is aTupi-Guarani language spoken in the Brazilian state ofPará. The language is classified under theTenetehara branch or fourth language group of Tupi-Guarani languages as suggested by Rodrigues & Cabral (2012).[2] Parakanã is a dialect of theAkwáwa cluster and is sometimes referred to as Awaeté, Parakanân or Parocana. The Parakanã are the primary speakers of their language. It has been recorded as part of the International Organization for Standardization under theEthnologue listingpak. Their language has been transcribed and preserved by Christian missionaries for Bible translations.

Phonology

[edit]

The following is the Parakanã dialect:[3]

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiɨ
Mideo
Opena
  • Vowel sounds are realized as nasalized when preceding nasal consonants.
  • /e/ can also be heard as[ɛ] when in stressed position.
  • /ɨ/ can also be heard as[ə] when preceding a vowel.
  • /a/ can be heard as back[ʌ] when in word-final position. In its nasal form, it is heard as back[ʌ̃].
  • /o/ can be heard as[u] when in unstressed position.

Consonants

[edit]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
plainlab.
Plosiveptkʔ
Fricativeβh
Nasalmnŋ
Tapɾ
Glide(w)
  • /β/ can also be heard as a glide[w].
  • /tʃ/ can be realized as a glide[j] in final position, and as voiced[] in intervocalic positions.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Parakanã atEthnologue (16th ed., 2009)Closed access icon
  2. ^Dall’Igna Rodrigues, Aryon; Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral, Ana (2012-01-13), Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica (eds.),"Tupían",The Indigenous Languages of South America, De Gruyter, pp. 495–574,doi:10.1515/9783110258035.495,ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3, retrieved2025-11-08{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  3. ^Souza e Silva, Auristéa Caetana (1999).Aspectos da referência alternada em Parakanã. Universidade Federal do Pará.
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