| Arára | |
|---|---|
| Pará Arára | |
| Ugoroŋmo worondu | |
| Pronunciation | [ugɔɾɔŋˈmɔ] |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Pará |
| Ethnicity | Arara people |
Native speakers | 340 (2010)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | aap |
| Glottolog | para1310 |
Arára (Pará Arára:Ugoroŋmo worondu[2]) is aCariban language ofPará,Brazil. It is spoken by theArara and perhaps other related groups. Arára forms part of theKampot dialect cluster along withIkpeng, Apiaká do Tocantins, Parirí, andYarumá.[3]
The language is spoken by a people which includes groups that are still uncontacted. They live mainly in three villages: Cachoeira Seca, Laranjal and Maia. However, the natives of the latter have switched toPortuguese, while 85 speakers still remain in Cachoeira Seca and 250 in Laranjal.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Affricate | tʃ | |||||
| Trill | (ʙ̥) | |||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Fricative | (h) | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||
Two of the sixteen consonants, /ʙ̥, h/ occur infrequently. /ʙ̥/ only occurs in expressive words, or before the vowel /u/. /h/ only occurs after a coronal consonant, like /a/ or /u/.[clarification needed] There is also a specially rare occurrence of two implosive consonants,/ɓ/ and/ɗ/.[4]
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɯ | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Low | a | |||
Linguist Isaac Costa de Souza studied the language and concluded some words were modified when used to talk to different animals.[4] The table below shows some modified words used when speaking to acapuchin monkey.
| Normal word | Capuchin word | English gloss |
|---|---|---|
| ɔɛt | ɔɛgɛt | rubber tree |
| aɛ | aɛge | wasp |
| ikpa | ikpaga | mud |
| kuɾi | kuligi | bead |
| kɔk | kɔgɔk | night, evening |
| nu | nugu | tumour, abscess |
| paɾu | palugu | water |
Different modifications are used according to the species of animal being addressed. The wordikpa, for example, might be modified astɔkpa when addressing a dog, or asĩkpã when addressing ahowler monkey. Specific modifications may be used when talking towoodpeckers,tortoises, andcoatis, among other animals.
 | This article related to theIndigenous languages of the Americas is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |