| Paniai Lakes | |
|---|---|
| Wissel Lakes | |
| Geographic distribution | Paniai Lakes and highlands ofPapua,Western New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | pani1259 |
ThePaniai Lakes languages, also known as theWissel Lakes orWissel Lakes – Kemandoga River, are a small family of closely relatedTrans–New Guinea languages spoken in thePaniai Lakes region of the highlands ofWestern New Guinea in thePaniai Lakes region ofPapua. Foley (2003) considers their Trans–New Guinea status to be established.
The languages are:[1]
They are most closely related to theDani languages,Amung andDem.[1]
Independent pronouns and possessive prefixes are:
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | *ani, *na- | *ina | *ini, *ni- |
| 2 | *aka, *ka- | *ika | *iki |
| 3 | *oka, *e- |
The following basic vocabulary words are from Larson & Larson (1972)[2] and Voorhoeve (1975),[3] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[4]
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g.homa,huma for “stone”) or not (e.g.bodiya,usa for “fire”).
| gloss | Ekari (Paniai Lake dialect) | Ekari | Moni (Kemandoga dialect) | Moni | Wolani (Upper Mbijandoga dialect) | Wolani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| head | migo | muŋagi | moto | |||
| hair | iyo | mbagu | elo | |||
| eye | peka | seŋgamu | ||||
| nose | juma | jange | juma | |||
| tooth | egó | ego | baga | baga | hego | hego |
| tongue | etá | dabe | debegada | |||
| leg | bado | bado | ||||
| louse | uka | uka | amu | amu | uka | uka |
| dog | dodi | home | kawino | |||
| pig | ekina | wogo | iŋgina | |||
| bird | bedo | bedo | beka | bega | bido | bido |
| egg | nipo | ŋgeda | ||||
| blood | emo | emo | eka | ega | emo | emo |
| bone | mitoo | mitoo | iwa | iwa | mitoo | mitoo |
| skin | kadó | kado | ada | ada | ebada | ebada |
| breast | ama | ama | ama | |||
| tree | pija | piya | bo | bo | pija | piya |
| man | jame | yame | aka | me | me | me |
| sun | meuka; tani | tani | emondani | emondani | dame | dame |
| moon | agoo | tinawi | agoo | |||
| water | uwo | uwo | du | du | uwo | uwo |
| fire | bodija | bodiya | usa | usa | bida | bida |
| stone | mogo | mogo | homa | ŋeda | huma | huma |
| road, path | itá | kejako | hindá | |||
| name | eka | eka | eje | eze | ekada | ekada |
| eat | nai | nai | nuija | nuya | nona | nona |
| one | ena; kate | ena; kato | hako | hago | naa | naa |
| two | wijá | wiya | hija | hiya | wijá | wiya |
Paniai Lakes reflexes ofproto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[5]