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Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje | |
|---|---|
 P S Khankhoje | |
| Born | 7 November 1883 |
| Died | 22 January 1967 (1967-01-23) (aged 83) |
| Organization(s) | Ghadar Party,Berlin Committee,Communist Party of India |
| Movement | Hindu–German Conspiracy, Indian Communism |
Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje (7 November 1884 – 22 January 1967) was an Indian revolutionary, scholar, agricultural scientist and Statesman who was among the founding fathers of theGhadar Party.[1]
Khankhoje was born in November 1884 to aMarathiDeshastha Rigvedi Brahmin (DRB) family atWardha, where his father worked as a petition-writer.[2][3] Young Khankhoje spent his childhood in Wardha, where he completed his primary and middle school education before moving toNagpur for higher education. He was at the time inspired by the nationalist work ofBal Gangadhar Tilak.[4] At some time in the first decade of the 1900s, Khankhoje left India on a voyage that ultimately saw him settle in the United States. Here he enrolled in the Washington State College (now calledWashington State University), graduating in 1913.His grand father was Vyankatesh Khankhoje . Brother's name was chaphekar.
Khankhoje's earliest nationalist work abroad dates back to the time around 1908 when he, along withPandit Kanshi Ram founded the Indian Independence League inPortland, Oregon. His works also brought him close to other Indian nationalists in United States at the time, includingTarak Nath Das. In the years preceding World War I, Khankhoje was one of the founding members of the Pacific coast Hindustan association, and subsequently founded the Ghadar Party. He was at the time one of the most influential members of the party. He metLala Har Dayal in 1911. He also enrolled at one point in a West Coast military academy.
Through World War I, Khankhoje was intricately involved in theHindu–German Conspiracy when he was involved in the plans for the mutiny. He visited Europe during the war and subsequently went toMesopotamia along with other members of what was theBerlin Committee. In the summer of 1915, he worked clandestinely among troops of the Indian expeditionary force, spreading nationalist literature and hoping to incite a mutiny. Through the course of the war, Khankhoje made his way through Turkey and Persia under different Muslim guises as far as Baluchistan, spreading Ghadarite propaganda en route. He is known to have attempted insurrections and raised at the Iran-Baluchistan border whileMahendra Pratap'sIndo-German expedition attempted to rally the Afghan EmirHabibullah Khan against British India. Towards the end of the war, Khankhoje, like most of the members of the Berlin committee, began turning towards communism. He is known to have been inSoviet Union in company of the earliest Indian communist, includingVirendranath Chattopadhyaya,M. P. T. Acharya,M. N. Roy,Abdur Rab Barq.For his nationalist work at the time, Khankhoje was banned from returning to India as a highly dangerous individual.
Khankhoje later moved to Mexico in the 1920s, where he was the professor of Botany and Crop Breeding in the National School of Agriculture of Mexico. In 1936, Khankhoje married Jean Alexandrine Sindic, a Belgian woman in Mexico by whom he had two daughters. He led the Mexican corn breeding programme and was appointed director to the Mexican Government's department of Agriculture.
Khankhoje features on a mural atSecretariat of Public Education (Mexico) painted byDiego Rivera, which is almost reminiscent of theLast Supper. He heads a table and breaks the bread with a big knife. A farmer and a soldier stand on the either side with people from different nations sitting around the table. Mexico is represented by the child wearing overalls.[5]
Both Khankhoje and Jean returned to India after 1947. His application for visa was initially rejected by the Indian government due to the ban by the British Indian Government, but was eventually overturned. He settled in Nagpur and subsequently embarked on a political career. Pandurang Khankhoje died on 22 January 1967.
In August 2022,Speaker of the Lok SabhaOm Birla unveiled Khankhoje's statue during his visit to Mexico.[4][6]
पांडुरंग सदाशिव खानखोजे हे देशस्थ ऋग्वेदी ब्राह्मण कुळातले आहेत.
| Background |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Ghadar | ||
| Berlin Committee | ||
| Indian figures | ||
| German figures | ||
| Conspiracy | ||
| Counter-intelligence | ||
| Related topics | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
