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Panbabylonism

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Archaeological school of thought

A map showing the generally defined area of the Fertile Crescent in red

Panbabylonism (also known asPanbabylonianism) was the school of thought that considered the cultures and religions of theMiddle East and civilization in general to be ultimately derived fromBabylonian myths which in turn they viewed as being based onBabylonian astronomy, often in hidden ways.^[1]

Overview

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A related school of thought is the Bible-Babel school, which regarded theHebrew Bible andJudaism to be directly derived fromMesopotamian (Babylonian) mythology^{[citation needed]}; both are forms ofhyperdiffusionism in archaeology.^[2]

Both theories were popular in Germany, and Panbabylonism remained popular from the late 19th century toWorld War I. Prominent advocates includedFriedrich Delitzsch,Peter Jensen,Alfred Jeremias andHugo Winckler.^[3]^[4]

Panbabylonist thought largely disappeared from legitimate scholarship after the death of one of its greatest proponents,Hugo Winckler.^[2] The claims of the school were largely discredited by astronomical and chronological arguments ofFranz Xaver Kugler (aJesuit priest).^[5]

TheAtra-Hasis on acuneiform tablet in theBritish Museum

References

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^Toy, Crawford H. (1910). "Panbabylonianism".Harvard Theological Review.3 (1):47–84.doi:10.1017/S0017816000005782.JSTOR 3142227.S2CID 248820620.
^^a ^bBrown, Peter Lancaster (2000).Megaliths, Myths, and Men: An Introduction to Astro-Archaeology (Dover ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 267.ISBN 9780486411453.
^Gold, Daniel. (2003).Aesthetics and Analysis in Writing on Religion: Modern Fascinations.University of California Press. pp. 149-158.ISBN 978-0520236141
^Scherer, Frank F. (2015).The Freudian Orient: Early Psychoanalysis, Anti-Semitic Challenge, and the Vicissitudes of Orientalist Discourse. Kanarc Books. p. 18.ISBN 978-1-78220-296-7
^Jong, Teije de.Babylonian Astronomy 1880-1950: The Players and the Field. In Alexander Jones,Christine Proust, John M. Steele. (2016).A Mathematician's Journeys: Otto Neugebauer and Modern Transformations of Ancient Science. Springer. pp. 285-286.ISBN 978-3-319-25863-8