Movatterモバイル変換

Palato-alveolar ejective affricate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Consonantal sound

This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Palato-alveolar ejective affricate
tʃʼ
ʧʼ
Audio sample
source · help

Apalato-alveolar ejective affricate is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespoken languages. The sound is represented in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨t͡ʃʼ⟩. In some languages it is phonemically apalatal ejective.

Features of a palato-alveolar ejective affricate:

Itsmanner of articulation issibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequencyturbulence.
Itsplace of articulation ispostalveolar, which means it is articulated with the tip or blade of thetongue behind thealveolar ridge.
Itsphonation is un-voiced, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Theairstream mechanism isejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping theglottis upward.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		ҷыгәӡа^{[romanization needed]}	[tʃʼəɡʷdza]	'neatly' or 'tidily'	SeeAbkhaz phonology
Adyghe		кӏако^{[romanization needed]}	[t͡ʃʼaːkʷa]^ⓘ	'short'
Amharic		ጨረቃ^{[romanization needed]}	[t͡ʃʼərəkʼa]^ⓘ	'moon'
Armenian	Yerevan dialect^[1]	ճյուղ^{[romanization needed]}	[t͡ʃʼiʊ̯ʁ]	'branch'	Corresponds to tenuis[t͡ʃ⁼] in otherEastern dialects.
Avar		ворчӀами^{[romanization needed]}	[wort͡ʃʼami]	'hello'
Aymara		ch'uspa	[t͡ʃ'uspa]	'ch'uspa'
Chechen		чӏара /ç̇ara	[t͡ʃʼɑːrə]	'fish'
Georgian		ჭა /ch’a	[t͡ʃʼɑ]	'well' (noun)
Hadza		jjabako	[t͡ʃʼabako]	'rock hyrax'
Hausa		tshanya	[t͡ʃʼanja]	'cricket'	Only found in western Hausa dialects.
Kabardian		кӏэ^{[romanization needed]}	[t͡ʃʼa]^ⓘ	'tail'
Keres		shchʼísạ	[ʃtʃʼísḁ]	'six'
Laz		ჭრაჭუნირი /ç̌raç̌uniri	[t͡ʃʼrat͡ʃʼuniri]	'squeaky'
Lushootseed		č̓uʔ	[t͡ʃʼʉʔ]	'one'
Mingrelian		ჭკიჭკიტია /čʼḳičʼḳiṭiɑ	[t͡ʃʼkʼit͡ʃʼkʼitʼia]	'ant'
Ossetian	Kudairag	Чъреба	[ˈt͡ʃʼɾebä]	'Tskhinval'
Q'eqchi'		ch'och'	[t͡ʃʼot͡ʃʼ]	'earth'
Quechua		ch'umpi	[t͡ʃʼʊmpɪ]	'brown'
Svan		ლენჭყ /lenčʼqʼ	[lɛnt͡ʃʼqʼ]	'marsh'
Tlingit		ch'eed	[t͡ʃʼit]^ⓘ	'duck'

Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009),Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Special topics	Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Usenet ASCII-IPA TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilantfricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ		ʁ̞				ʔ̞
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ		ɾ̼			ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̮
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪	l̥	l		l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈		ʎ̮		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥
Ejective	Stop	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	tʂʼ	tɕʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ	q𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k𝼊 q𝼊	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuislateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ