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Palatal lateral ejective affricate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Palatal lateral ejective affricate
c𝼆ʼ
cʎ̥˔ʼ
Audio sample

Apalatal lateral ejective affricate is a rare type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨c͜𝼆ʼ⟩ (extIPA; standard IPA: ⟨cʎ̥˔ʼ⟩).

It is a rare sound, found inDahalo, aCushitic language ofKenya, and inHadza, alanguage isolate ofTanzania. In Dahalo,/c͜𝼆ʼ/ contrasts with alveolar/t͜ɬʼ/, and in Hadza it contrasts with velar[k͜𝼄ʼ], an allophone of/kʼ/.

Features

[edit]

Features of a palatal lateral ejective affricate:

  • Itsmanner of articulation isaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Itsplace of articulation ispalatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of thetongue raised to thehard palate.
  • Itsphonation is un-voiced, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is alateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
  • Theairstream mechanism isejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping theglottis upward.

Occurrence

[edit]
LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Dahalo[1][ʔac𝼆ʼáno]'semen'
Hadza[2]mitdla[mitc𝼆ʼa]'bone'

The Hadza sound has been transcribed as[t͜𝼆ʼ], but alveolar contact of the tongue is variable and not distinctive.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Maddieson et al. (1993), p. 36.
  2. ^Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 209.

References

[edit]
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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