پاکستانی امریکی pākistānī amrīkī | |
|---|---|
 American-Pakistanis by PUMA and state according to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (2023) | |
| Total population | |
| 684,438 (2023)[1] (ancestry or ethnic origin) 428,795 (2023)[2] (born in Pakistan) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| New York City Metropolitan Area,New Jersey,Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area,Philadelphia metropolitan area,Chicago Metropolitan Area,Houston metropolitan area,Los Angeles Metropolitan Area,San Francisco Bay Area,Boston,Atlanta,Phoenix metropolitan area,Dallas-Fort Worth,Florida, and major metropolitan areas throughout the United States | |
| Languages | |
| Religion | |
| PredominantlyIslam (96%), mostlySunni Islam (72%)[3] |
Pakistani Americans[a] are citizens of theUnited States who have full or partial ancestry fromPakistan, or more simply,Pakistanis in America. They can be from different ethnic groups in Pakistan likePunjabi,Saraiki,Sindhi,Balochi,Pashtun,Kashmiri orMuhajir/Urdu-speaking people. The term may also refer to people who also hold a dual Pakistani and U.S. citizenship. Educational attainment level and household income are much higher in the Pakistani-Americandiaspora compared to the U.S. population at large.[4] In 2019, there were an estimated 554,202 self-identified Pakistani Americans, representing about 0.187% of theU.S. population, and about 2.50% ofAsian Americans; more specifically, around 8% ofSouth Asian Americans.[5]
Immigrants from modern-day Pakistan (formerlyBritish India) had been immigrating to America as early as the nineteenth century, working in agriculture, logging, and mining in the western states ofCalifornia,Oregon, andWashington.[6] The passage of theLuce-Celler Act of 1946 allowed these immigrants to acquireU.S. citizenship through naturalization. Between 1947 and 1965, only 2,500 Pakistani immigrants entered the United States; most of them were students who chose to settle in the U.S. after graduating from American universities, according to reports from theU.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. This marked the beginning of a distinct Pakistani community in America. However, after PresidentLyndon B. Johnson signed theINS Act of 1965 into law, eliminating per-country immigration quotas and introducing immigration on the basis of professional experience and education, the number of Pakistanis immigrating to the U.S. increased dramatically.[7] As of the 1990 U.S. Census, the Pakistani-American population was 100,000. By 2005, that figured more than doubled to 210,000.[8] In 2023,Monroe Township High School, inMonroe Township,Middlesex County,New Jersey, launched the first high schoolcricket team in New Jersey.[9][10] In Texas, Zain Haq, launched the first ever official High School Cricket League with the formation of the San Antonio High School Cricket Association (SAHSCA).[11]
In a study on the ethnic identification ofSouth Asian Americans based on the 1990 U.S. Census, a sample of 299 Pakistanis living in the United States showed that, while 6.7% identified as white and 0.3% identified as black, a grand majority identified as Asian.[12]
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In 2021, theU.S. Census Bureau estimated that there were 629,946 U.S. residents ofPakistani descent,[5] an increase from 409,163 at the 2010 Census.[14] Some studies estimate the Pakistani population to be much higher, and in 2005, the Embassy of Pakistan in the U.S. found that the population exceeded 700,000.[15][16] Pakistan is the 12th highest ranked country of origin for immigration to the U.S.[17]
Perhaps 50% of Pakistani Americans speakPunjabi, 30% speakUrdu, and the remainder speak languages such asSindhi,Saraiki,Hindko,Pashto,Baloch,Memoni, andKashmiri.[18]The most systematic study of the demography of Pakistanis in America lies within Dr.Adil Najam's bookPortrait of a Giving Community, which estimates a population of 500,000.[19]
All 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia are ranked below based on the estimated population of residents of Pakistani descent according to the 2018American Community Survey:[5]
New York –77,352
Texas –74,712
California –63,038
Illinois –35,496
Virginia –32,474
New Jersey –28,792
Maryland –20,140
Florida –17,783
Georgia –14,436
Pennsylvania –12,580
Michigan –11,415
Massachusetts –8,466
North Carolina –6,721
Washington –6,483
Connecticut –6,454
Ohio –5,131
Missouri –4,776
Indiana –4,049
Wisconsin –3,134
Arizona –2,786
Oklahoma –2,588
Minnesota –2,415
Tennessee –2,338
Alabama –2,055
Louisiana –1,987
Colorado –1,969
Kansas –1,758
Nevada –1,663
Arkansas –1,623
Iowa –1,393
Kentucky –1,255
Oregon –1,194
Delaware –1,082
South Carolina –966
District of Columbia –801
Rhode Island –775
Utah –751
New Mexico –704
New Hampshire –679
West Virginia –556
Mississippi –547
Nebraska –445
Idaho –309
Maine –266
North Dakota –186
Wyoming –156
Alaska –136
South Dakota –117
Hawaii –75
Vermont –63
Montana –53
All 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia are ranked below based on the estimated percentage of residents of Pakistani descent according to the 2018American Community Survey:[5]
New York –0.394%Virginia –0.386%Maryland –0.335%New Jersey –0.324%Illinois –0.277%Texas –0.268%Connecticut –0.180%California –0.161% Georgia –0.140%Massachusetts –0.124%District of Columbia –0.117%Michigan –0.115%Delaware –0.114%Pennsylvania –0.098% Washington –0.089%Florida –0.086%Missouri –0.078%Rhode Island –0.073%North Carolina –0.066%Oklahoma –0.066%Indiana –0.061%Kansas –0.060%Nevada –0.057%Arkansas –0.054%Wisconsin –0.054%New Hampshire –0.051%Iowa –0.044%Ohio –0.044%Minnesota –0.044%Louisiana –0.043%Alabama –0.042%Arizona –0.040%Colorado –0.036%Tennessee –0.035%New Mexico –0.034%West Virginia –0.030%Oregon –0.029%Kentucky –0.028%Wyoming –0.027%North Dakota –0.025%Utah –0.025%Nebraska –0.023%Maine –0.020%South Carolina –0.019%Alaska –0.018%Idaho –0.018%Mississippi –0.018%South Dakota –0.014%Vermont –0.010%Hawaii –0.005%Montana –0.005%TheGreater New York City Combined Statistical Area, consisting ofNew York City,Long Island, and adjacent areas ofNew York State, as well as nearby areas inNew Jersey (extending toTrenton),Connecticut (extending toBridgeport), andPike County, Pennsylvania, comprises by far the largest Pakistani-American population of any metropolitan area in the United States, receiving the highest legal permanent resident Pakistani immigrant population.[20] Within the greater metropolitan area, New York City itself hosts the largest concentration of Pakistani Americans of any U.S. city proper, with a population of approximately 34,310 as of the2000 U.S. census, primarily in the boroughs ofQueens andBrooklyn.[21] These numbers made Pakistani Americans the fifth largest Asian American group in New York City. From 2000 to 2006, this figure had increased from 34,310 to 60,000. When includingillegal immigrants in population figures, the population expands to roughly 70,000.[22]Pakistan International Airlines servedJohn F. Kennedy International Airport in Queens until 2017.[23] While New York City has celebrated North America's largestPakistan Day parade for decades, New Jersey's first annual Pakistan Day parade was held on August 16, 2015, inEdison andWoodbridge, New Jersey.[24][25]
It has been estimated that 10,000 Pakistanis work inSilicon Valley, most of whom work in the information technology, software development, and computer science sectors.[26] From 1990 to 2000, theSan Francisco Bay Area's Pakistani population increased from 3,477 to 6,119, an increase of 76%.[27]
Predating modern-day Pakistan, Muslims from the British Raj immigrated in waves starting in 1902 to the West Coast, most notably in Yuba City, California, in search for mining and logging jobs. Some of the oldest Muslim communities and largest Sikh communities in the U.S. remain inYuba City to this day.
Devon Avenue has a cross street named for Pakistan's founderMuhammad Ali Jinnah as well asMahatma Gandhi to honor both the Indian and Pakistani businesses there.[7][28]
Texas has a large Pakistani population, estimated at 70,000 people as of 2018. They are primarily concentrated in theAustin,Dallas-Fort Worth,Houston, andSan Antonio metropolitan areas.[29]
The community consists of professionals involved in medicine, IT, and engineering; textiles, manufacturing, real estate, and management; as well as those working in small businesses such as travel agencies, motels, restaurants, convenience stores and gas stations.[30]
Newly arrived Pakistani immigrants mostly settle in cities such asNew York City;Paterson, New Jersey;Los Angeles;Atlanta;Boston;San Diego;San Francisco;Chicago;Denver; andDetroit.[31] As with other South Asians, Pakistanis generally settle in major urban areas. Pakistani Americans are also prevalent inArizona,Arkansas,Colorado,Connecticut,Georgia,Louisiana,Massachusetts,Michigan,Nevada,New England,New Mexico,Ohio,Oklahoma,Oregon,Seattle,Virginia,the District of Columbia,Wisconsin andUtah.[19][30][32][33]Fremont, California, has the largest Pashtun population in the U.S., many of which emigrated from Pakistan.
U.S. localities with the highest percentages of Pakistani ancestry includeMadison Park, New Jersey (5.7%);[34]Herricks, New York (4.1%);[34]Boonton, New Jersey (4%);[35]Lincolnia, Virginia (3%);[36]Stafford, Texas (2%);[37] andAvenel, New Jersey (2%).[38]
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As with the terms "Asian American" or "South Asian American," the term "Pakistani American" is an umbrella term applying to a variety of views, values, lifestyles, and appearances. Although Pakistani Americans retain a strong ethnic identity, they are known toassimilate into American culture while at the same time keeping the culture of their ancestors. Pakistani Americans are known to assimilate more easily than many other immigrant groups because they have fewer language barriers (English is a co-official language of Pakistan and widely spoken in the country among professional classes), higher educational credentials (immigrants are disproportionately well-educated among Pakistanis), and come from a similarly diverse, relatively tolerant, and multi-ethnic society. In addition to national identity, many Pakistani Americans also identify with their ethnic group (i.e. Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Muhajir, Baloch etc.)
Pakistani Americans are well represented in the fields of medicine, engineering,finance andinformation technology. Pakistani Americans have broughtPakistani cuisine to the United States, and Pakistani cuisine has been established as one of the most popular cuisines in the country with hundreds of Pakistani restaurants in each major city and several similar eateries in smaller cities and towns. There are many Pakistani markets and stores in the United States. Many of such establishments cater to a broader South Asian audience due to similarities in cuisine. Some of the largest Pakistani markets are inNew York City,Central New Jersey,Washington, D.C.,Chicago,Dallas andHouston.
Pakistani Americans often retaintheir native languages, such asPunjabi,Saraiki,Sindhi,Balochi,Pashto andKashmiri.[39] As English is an official language in Pakistan and is taught in schools throughout the country, many immigrants coming to the United States generally have an ability to speak the English language.[40]
Many Pakistanis in the United States also speak Pakistan's national languageUrdu, although it is notnative to the country.
Most Pakistani Americans are Muslims. Religion figures prominently in many Pakistani American families.
The majority of Pakistanis areSunni Muslims, although a significant minority areShi'ite orAhmadiyya Muslims. In smaller American towns which do not have mosques within an hour's driving distance, Pakistani Americans make trips to attend the nearest one mainly on major religious holidays and occasions,such as Eid.[18] Pakistani Americans worship at mosques alongside other Muslims who often trace their ancestry to other parts of the Islamic world;mosques in the U.S. are usually not specific to a particular nationality or ethnic group.
Pakistani Americans also participate in and contribute to the larger Islamic community, which includes Americans ofArab,African,Indian,Bangladeshi,Iranian,Turkish,Azerbaijani,Indonesian,Malaysian,Albanian, andBosnian descent.[18] Pakistanis are part of the larger Muslim community's efforts to educate the country about Islam's principles and teachings. Pakistani Americans have played important roles in theMuslim Students Association (MSA), which caters to the needs of Islamic students across the U.S.[18] Pakistani Americans have also significantly contributed to theIslamic Society of North America andIslamic Circle of North America, which are both considered offshoots of the MSA.
Although most Pakistani Americans areMuslims, some areHindus,Christians, orZoroastrians. Pakistani Christians, like Asian Christians, worship at churches all over the country and share in the religious life of the dominant Christian culture in America. Pakistani Hindus mainly originate from Karachi and religiously associate with fellow Hindus fromIndia. In recent times, Pakistani Zoroastrians (calledParsis) mainly emigrated fromLahore andKarachi to the U.S.[41] Pakistani Zoroastrians religiously associate with fellowZoroastrians fromIran.
Pakistani Americans have made many contributions to the U.S. inscience,politics, themilitary,sports,philanthropy, andbusiness.
Shahid Khan is a Pakistani-American billionaire businessman who is owner of an auto-parts company and the NFL team theJacksonville Jaguars. As of 2012, his net worth was estimated to exceed $6 billion, being ranked at No. 179 on theForbes 400 list of wealthiest Americans.[42] Forbes also ranked him the 491st wealthiest person in the world.[43]
Amir Hussain is a scholar of Islam and President of theAmerican Academy of Religion. Scholars, such as Omar Suleiman and Nouman Ali Khan, preach Islam in the country.
In 2002, the community contributed nearly $1 billion in philanthropic activities (including value of volunteered time.)[44] Since the Pakistani diaspora has spread internationally over the years, many Pakistanis living abroad choose to donate time, money, and talent to further development in Pakistan.Pakathon, for example, aims to empower Pakistanis through innovation, technology, and entrepreneurship.
Pakistani-American soldiers compose a sizable proportion of the over 4,000 Muslim service members in the U.S. military.[45] As of February 2008, 125 Pakistan-born service members were serving on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces, out of the 826 U.S., service members born in South Central Asia. This figure does not include U.S.-born service members of Pakistani ancestry.[46]
Pakistani-American service members have assisted in U.S. intelligence operations, and have worked as interpreters, interrogators, and liaison officers in Afghanistan. Their knowledge of local languages such asPashto andDari helps facilitate coordination activities.[47]
The overall number of Afghan and Pakistani Americans involved in the war effort has not been released, although their recruitment by the CIA and U.S. Defense Department agencies has been very public. Because most of their work was secret, few of the men have received any public recognition.
— Los Angeles Times[47]
The Pakistani American community generally lives in a comfortable middle-class, upper-middle-class[18][40] and upper-class lifestyles.[54] Many Pakistani Americans follow the residence pattern set by other immigrants to the United States that when they increase their wealth, they are able to own orfranchise small businesses; including restaurants, groceries and convenience stores, clothing and appliance stores, petrol and gas stations, newspaper booths, and travel agencies. It is common to include members of the extended and immediate family in the business.
Members of the Pakistani community believe in the symbolic importance of owning homes; accordingly, Pakistani Americans tend to save money and make other monetary sacrifices earlier on in order to purchase their own homes as soon as possible.[18] Members of the family and sometimes the closer community tend to take care of each other, and to assist in times of economic need. Hence, it would be more common to turn to a community member for economic assistance rather than to a government agency. This leads to relatively low use of welfare and public assistance by Pakistani-Americans.[18] According to the2000 Census, the mean household income in the United States in 2002 was $57,852 annually, whereas for Asian households, which includes Pakistanis this was $70,047.[7] A separate study conducted by the American Community Survey in 2005, showed the mean and median incomes for Pakistani male full-time workers were US$59,310 and US$42,718 - respectively compared to the average male American full-time workers' mean and median incomes of US$56,724 and US$41,965 - respectively.[55] A 2011 report based on data from the 2010 US Census reported the median household income of Pakistani-American families at $63,000, which was considerably higher than the American family income average of $51,369.[56]
There is also incidence of poverty in the Pakistani community and in particular around the growing number of new immigrants that migrated from less privileged backgrounds in Pakistan. These migrants tend to take low-paying jobs involving manual or unskilled labor and tend to live in large cities where such jobs are readily available and in particular New York, where as of the 2000 census, poverty rates for Pakistanis in relation to the total New York population were higher overall, with 28% of Pakistanis living in poverty, which is greater than the general New York City poverty rate of 21%.[57] Compared with those immigrants that arrived from 1965 who were either professionals or students and considered to be middle- and upper-class, the newer migrants tended to be worse off economically.[58]
According to American Factfinder, Pakistani Americans are high achievers academically and tend to be better educated as compared to other heritage groups in the United States with 89.1% being at least high school graduates[59] and about 54% holding a bachelor's degree or higher professional degree.[59] Additionally it was found that over 30% of Pakistani Americans hold graduate or professional degrees.[59]
An increasing number of Pakistani Americans work in the medical field. TheAssociation of Physicians of Pakistani Descent of North America,APPNA, has been meeting in various locations across the United States for the past 30 years. As of 2022, there were more than 20,000 doctors practicing medicine in America who are of Pakistani descent.[60] Pakistan is the fourth highest source ofIMG doctors in the U.S.[61] and they are chiefly concentrated inNew York,California,Florida,New Jersey andIllinois.[62] Pakistan is also the fourth highest source of foreign dentists licensed in the United States.[63] US congressmen and congresswomen have lauded the contributions of Pakistani medical professionals to the country's healthcare system.[64]
This table shows the areas of work that Pakistanis are employed in and compares people that are born in the U.S., those born in Pakistan and those who are American nationals:[65]
| Occupational characteristics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Managerial - business/financial-related occupations | % Professional related occupations | % Self-employed | ||
| FB1 | Men | 15.1 | 29.6 | 17.1 |
| FB1 | Women | 8.8 | 32.0 | 9.6 |
| NB2 | Men | 10.0 | 33.3 | 9.9 |
| NB2 | Women | 15.6 | 50.7 | 7.2 |
| NB3 | Men | 17.7 | 18.0 | 14.0 |
| NB3 | Women | 11.9 | 26.7 | 8.2 |
Note: FB1 = Pakistani born, NB2 = American born Pakistani and NB3 = All American nationals
TheNew York Times estimated that there were 109,300 workers born in Pakistan in all occupations in the US in 2007. With the top 10 occupations in ascending order being; sales-related, managers and administrators, drivers and transportation workers, doctors, accountants and other financial specialists, computer software developers, scientists and quantitative analysts, engineers and architects, clerical and administrative staff, and teachers.[66]
Since theSeptember 11 attacks in 2001, Pakistani Americans began reporting incidents of discrimination, especially in places such as airports.[67][68][69] After the September 11 attacks, several Pakistani Americans started identifying themselves asIndians to avoid discrimination and for better business and economic opportunities.[70][71]
As a result of theNovember 2008 Mumbai terror attacks perpetrated by the Pakistan-based terrorist groupLashkar-e-Taiba, which killed 6 American citizens, as well as thekilling of Osama bin Laden near thePakistan Military Academy in Abottabad, there was a massive rise inanti-Pakistan sentiments.[72][73]
Since the second wave of immigration in 1965, the Pakistani American community has not been politically inclined, but this is now changing, with the community starting to contribute funds to their candidates of choice in both parties, and running for elected office in districts with large Pakistani American populations. In recent times, Pakistani American candidates have run for the state senate in districts of such city boroughs asBrooklyn, New York. Because the community is geographically dispersed, the formation of influential voting blocs has not generally been possible, making it difficult to for the community to make an impact on politics in this particular way. However, there are increasing efforts on the part of community leaders to ensure voter registration and involvement. In 1989, observing the need for greater political coordination, activism and advocacy, a group of Pakistani Americans founded The Pakistani American Political Action Committee (PAKPAC).[74]
Historically, Pakistani Americans have tended to voteRepublican due to the shared ideology of conservatism and the perceived notion that Republican Presidents and leaders are more pro-Pakistani thanDemocrats. This was evident during the2000 Presidential Election, as Pakistani Americans voted in overwhelming numbers for Republican candidateGeorge W. Bush.[citation needed] That trend reversed itself in 2004, after George W. Bush's first term in office. His policies alienated Muslims at home and abroad, and Pakistanis were no exception.[citation needed] When George W. Bush was up for re-election, Pakistani Americans voted for Democratic candidateJohn Kerry. Former Pakistan diplomatMohammed Sadiq (diplomat) helped establish the internship program at the Pakistan Embassy in Washington, D.C. Mr. Sadiq also helped the Pakistani American community organize and launch the Pakistan Caucus in Capitol Hill.
In the past, especially during theCold War and thewar on terror under theBush administration, there was the perceived notion thatRepublicans were more pro-Pakistani thanDemocrats. However, that trend reversed itself from 2011 onwards. Since then, there has been an increasing anti-Pakistani sentiment among Republican congressman which has alienated some Pakistani-Americans.[citation needed] Some Republican presidential candidates have criticised the Democrats policy toward Pakistan. During the2012 Republican Party presidential debates, the Republican candidates questioned whether the United States could trust Pakistan. Texas governorRick Perry called Pakistan unworthy of US aid because it had not done enough to help fight al-Qaeda.[75] In the same year a bill was introduced byDana Rohrabacher in the US House of Representatives proposing a hefty reduction in aid to Pakistan.[76] President Obama has vowed to veto any proposed anti-Pakistan bills.[77] President Obama also courted the Pakistani-American community for votes and money for his2012 re-election campaign. In March 2012, Obama traveled toHouston, Texas for this purpose and at a dinner organised by Pakistani entrepreneurs, the President managed to raise $3.4 million in just a few hours for his re-election campaign. President Obama also pledged to continue sending aid and selling military equipment to Pakistan. According to polls, most Pakistani-Americans have now switched their votes to theDemocratic Party.[78]
In 2013, during thesecond inauguration of Barack Obama, the re-elected President praised the members of the Pakistani community in America and said, "I am about to go speak to the crowd in Chicago, but I wanted to thank you first. I want you to know that this was not fate and it was not an accident. You made this happen." Talking to theDaily Times via telephone, US business leader Muhammad Saeed Sheikh said Obama in his address told that he would spend the rest of his presidency honoring the Pakistani-American support and doing what he can to finish what he started. Obama continued his praise and said, "You organised yourselves block by block. You took ownership of this campaign 5 and 10 dollars at a time. And when it was not easy, you pressed forward."[79]
In the 2016 presidential election, a majority of Pakistani Americans (88%) voted for Hillary Clinton.[80] An exit poll conducted byAALDEF showed that an overwhelming majority (89%) of Pakistani Americans backed Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election.[81]
In January 2019,Sadaf Jaffer became the first femalePakistani-American mayor, the first femaleMuslim American mayor, and the first femaleSouth Asian mayor in the United States, ofMontgomery inSomerset County,New Jersey.[82]
In January 2021,Ali Zaidi (lawyer) became the first deputyWhite House National Climate Advisor serving in theJoe Biden administration.[83]
In March 2021, President Biden nominatedDilawar Syed to serve as Deputy Administrator of theSmall Business Administration.[84]
In June 2021,Lina Khan became the Chair of theFederal Trade Commission.[85]
Several paid TV channels are available for viewing; Pakistani TV serials, reality TV shows and political talk shows are popular among expatriates. These channels can also be viewed on the internet. Pakistani Americans maintain a deep interest in the society and politics of their country of origin. Funds are raised by the community in the US for various political parties and groups in Pakistan. From all the Pakistani diaspora, Pakistani Americans raised the largest number of funds to help Pakistan due to the2005 earthquake. Tensions among ethnic groups like theSindhis,Punjabis,Pashtuns, andBalochis in Pakistan are not reflected in interaction between these subgroups in the US.
The Pakistani community in the United States alsoremits the largest share of anyPakistani diaspora community since 2002/03, surpassing those fromSaudi Arabia which from 2000/01 were $309.9 million and increased to $1.25 billion by 2007/08 and during the same period remittances from the United States increased from $73.3 million to $1.72 billion.[55]
In 2012 theElection Commission of Pakistan grantedOverseas Pakistanis the right to vote in future Pakistani general elections. By allowing the setting up of polling stations in embassies and consulates, this move was welcomed by those Pakistanis living abroad particularly in America who stated "Overseas Pakistanis make enormous contributions to the development of Pakistan".[86][87]
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TraditionallyBritish Airways has been the main route to Pakistan becauseLondon is halfway between Pakistan and theUnited States.[citation needed]Pan Am was the last full American carrier to pull out ofKarachi airport during the late 1980s, due to financial structuring and security concerns following the hijacking ofFlight 73 on 5 September 1986.[88] Since theSeptember 11, 2001 terror attacks, the hope of American carriers likeUnited,Delta, andAmerican having direct services to Pakistan was no longer possible, although they operate by codesharing certain flights through other carriers with transit stops. In order to avoid stopping somewhere with poor human rights, Pakistani Americans are liaising for a resumption with EU Carriers such asLufthansa,Turkish Airlines, or Gulf carriers likeEtihad,Emirates, orQatar Airways.[citation needed]
Non-stop flights on certain routes have been operated byPakistan International Airlines, but in June 2020, the US FAA along with theEuropean Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) prohibited flights from PIA due to pilots certification concerns after a major scandal erupted.[89]
According to a 2011 report by the Asian American Center for Advancing Justice (AACAJ), which draws on data from the 2010 US Census and other US government sources, the median household income of Pakistani-American families is nearly $63,000. This is considerably higher than the figure for families in America on the whole ($51,369).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Today, APPNA, the largest Pakistani organization in the US, represents over 20,000 physicians of Pakistani origin in North America, with diverse contributions in their respective disciplines and to their local communities.
She is now the first female South Asian mayor of a New Jersey municipality and the first female Muslim mayor in the state. She is also believed to be the first female Muslim mayor, female Pakistani-American mayor and first female South Asian-American mayor first in the nation, according to Religionnews.com.
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