Paja Jovanović | |
|---|---|
| Паја Јовановић | |
 Pavle "Paja" Jovanović before 1900 | |
| Born | (1859-06-16)16 June 1859 |
| Died | 30 November 1957(1957-11-30) (aged 98) |
| Education | Academy of Fine Arts,Vienna |
| Known for | Painting |
| Notable work | Čas Mačevanja (Fencing) (1884) Seoba Srba (Migration of the Serbs) (1896) Krunisanje cara Dušana (Crowning of Stefan Dušan) (1900) |
| Movement | Realism |
| Website | www.pajajovanovic.rs |
Pavle "Paja" Jovanović (Serbian Cyrillic:Павле "Паја" Јовановић;IPA:[pâʋlɛpǎːjajɔʋǎːnɔʋit͡ɕ]; 16 June 1859 – 30 November 1957) was a Serbianrealist painter who painted more than 1,100 works including:[1][2]The Wounded Montenegrin (1882),Decorating of the Bride (1886),The Takovo Uprising (1894),Migration of the Serbs (1896) andThe Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex (1900). As one of the best European painters of oriental scenes, Paja at the end of the 19th century turned to painting historical events of Serbian history. Paja was also the premierportraitist of Europe after 1905. He painted the EmperorFranz Joseph I of Austria 15 times. He painted royalty, major industrialists, scientists, bankers, oil barons and monopolists, including certain heirs to theStandard Oil fortune in theUnited States. He was a very sought-after portraitist world-wide, which made him incredibly wealthy in his lifetime. Many European and international museums carry his works, signed under various names including: Paul Joanowitch in theNational Gallery of Victoria and also two portraits in theUtah Museum of Fine Arts, Paul Joanowits, Paul Ivanovitch, Paul Joanovitch, Paul Joanovitsch, P. Joanowitsch and others.[3]
Paja Jovanović was born inVršac,Austrian Empire (modern-daySerbia). His father was photographer Stevan Jovanović and his mother was Ernestina née Deot, of French descent.[4] He spent his childhood and early youth in this home town, where he saw theiconostasis ofPavel Đurković andArsenije Teodorović in the town churches,[5] which would influence his future works. So Paja Jovanović started drawing himself, at first in secret, copying church pictures and spending hours in the empty church that he considered his first teacher. However, at the time when the ecclesiastical municipality in Vršac decided to order new bells for the Cathedral and when it was necessary to create drawings of saints, it became known about his talent. Thus, already at the age of fourteen, Jovanović received his first commission, and, thanks to significant praise, a kind of pass to Vienna and the opportunity to enroll in the Academy.
Jovanović's mother died at a young age and his father went on to remarry.[5] He received his first art lectures and knowledge from his teacher Vodecki.[6] His father took him toVienna in 1875 when he was 15, where he enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts in 1877 in the class of professorChristian Griepenkerl.[7] He finished the Academy in 1880, attending several important courses taught byLeopold Carl Müller, known as an "orientalist". There is no doubt that Miller's crucial lessons determined his painting preference. Noting the increased interest of Europe to the events in the Balkans, he travelled during the holidays to Albania, Montenegro, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia gathering sketches and studies of the life of the Balkan peoples. Precisely these themes brought Paja Jovanović worldwide fame and popularity.[8] In the following period, having noticed the greater interest of Europe for theBalkans, he painted mostly scenes from the life of theSerbs,Montenegrins,Herzogivinans,Aromanians andAlbanians, which brought him a great reputation. Encouraged to visit the Balkan region during his hiatus, he studied the customs and folklore of the people,[9] and in 1882 he was awarded the prize of the Academy and was given the Imperial scholarship for the compositionThe Wounded Montenegrin.[citation needed]
The public and many art critics directed their attention to the young painter, and in 1883 he signed a contract with the "French" gallery inLondon.[10] He continued his travelling throughCaucasus,[11]Morocco,Egypt,[11][12]Greece,Turkey,Italy, andSpain.[13] A great number of sketches, notes, and studies, along with the collected objects from the life of the common people, will find their place in his famous genre-compositions, such as:Fencing,Decorating of the Bride, andCockfighting. Some of Jovanović's most remarkable praises were gathered at two of his greatest exhibitions: Millennium exhibition inBudapest in 1896, where he preparedMigration of the Serbs for entry, but theVršac triptych was sent instead, and the World Exhibition inParis in 1900, for which he had painted a great historical compositionThe Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex.[citation needed]
As of 1888, he was proclaimed a member of theSerbian Royal Academy.[14] He was tasked with painting monumental, historical compositions. After 1905 he devoted himself exclusively to painting the portraits in the style of academic realism for the rich clientele, and he became very famous thanks to them. Some of the most famous include those ofPainter Simington,Mihajlo Pupin,Đorđe Jovanović,King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and others. He painted the portraits of his longtime model and wife, Muni with special care.
Painting women for Paja Jovanović always meant painting beauty. He simply did not want to see them ugly and old. Even when it was about not so beautiful women, he always tried to find the beauty in them. Many art critics reproached him for this, and sent fierce and even caustic criticisms, but he remained true to himself and his wisdom in life: "Skill is to find beauty."
Jovanović focused mostly on Serbian history, painting various historical events, such as
He painted theiconostasis in the church of St Nicholas inDolovo[15] andOrthodox cathedral in Novi Sad,[16] which was painted without commission. He spent most of his time in his atelier in Vienna, where he settled, and occasionally travelled toBelgrade. In 1940 he was madehonorary citizen ofVršac, and in 1949 he was given theOrderzasluga za narod (Merit for People) of the first category. He lived quietly and lonely, after his wife's early death, in Vienna until his own death in 1957. According to his will, the urn with his ashes was to be moved to Belgrade and whereMuseum of Paja Jovanović was opened in 1970, as well in Vršac. Later, in the building of the Old Pharmacy on the Stairs, in 1977 the permanent commemorative exhibition of Paja Jovanović was opened. The works of Paja Jovanović have been kept in the Town Museum of Vršac, along with his well-known paintingVršac triptych.[17] Most of his works and personal belongings can be found in theBelgrade City Museum.[18]
Paja Jovanović was also a member of "Privrednik" Patronage. He remembered after graduating from theAcademy of Fine Arts in Vienna, that it was theMatica Srpska that afforded him schooling. He joined Privrednik's work early on, making annual monetary donations and furthermore donating his valuable works of art to the Society.[19]
He is included inThe 100 most prominent Serbs list.[20][21] Along withUroš Predić andĐorđe Krstić, he is considered the most important Serbian painter of realism. Thanks to his extremely rich oeuvre with over 1100 works, especially works with themes from folk life and history, he strongly and widely influenced art education, culture, but also the patriotism of Serbian people. Jovanović received a number of orders and decorations both in Serbia and abroad. A number of schools in Serbia are named after him.[22]
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