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Package format

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type of computer archive

Package format is a type ofarchive containing computer programs and additional metadata needed bypackage managers;[1] an instance of this type of archive is called apackage. While thearchive file format itself may be unchanged, package formats carry additional metadata, such as amanifest file or certain directory layouts. Packages may contain either source code orexecutable files.

Packages may be converted from one type to another with software such asAlien.

Software supply chain and security

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Packages are an important component in managing the security and integrity of the software supply chain. Packages containing executables and configuration can bedigitally signed to establish the integrity of running software and protect against tampering.[2]

Package formats that supportcode signing include .deb (Debian), .msi (Microsoft Windows), .apk (Android) and .ipa (IOS,IPadOS).

Common formats

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Specialized formats

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FormatConsumed by
AIRAdobe AIR
BottleHomebrew

BSD-based formats

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FormatConsumed by
.ipaIOS,IPadOS
Ports (BSD)pkgsrc,FreeBSD,OpenBSD[3]
PKGmacOS,iOS,PlayStation 3,Solaris,SunOS,UNIX System V,Symbian,BeOS,Apple Newton

Linux-based formats

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FormatConsumed by
AABAndroid
APK (Alpine)Alpine Linux[4]
APK (Android)Android
AppImageLinux distribution-agnostic
DebDebian and its derivatives, such asRaspberry Pi OS,Kali Linux,Ubuntu, andLinux Mint[5]
ebuildGentoo Linux[6]
eopkgSolus[7]
NixpkgNix,NixOS, Home Manager
PortageGentoo Linux,ChromeOS[8]
FlatpakLinux distribution-agnostic
.app, .hapHarmonyOS,OpenHarmony, Oniro OS and Linux basedUnity Operating System
PISIPardus
.pkg.tar.zstArch Linux
PUP and PETPuppy Linux (PUP format is deprecated since version 3.0)
RPMRed Hat Enterprise Linux,Fedora, derivatives such asCentOS,[9] andSUSE Linux Enterprise,openSUSE
SnapLinux distribution-agnostic, mainly developed forUbuntu

Windows formats

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FormatConsumed by
APPX andAPPXBundleWindows 8 and later,Windows Phone[10]
Windows Installer package / MSIWindows Installer onMicrosoft Windows

Generic formats

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Arch Linux'sPacman[11] andSlackware[12] use'tar' archives with generic naming but specific internal structures.

References

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  1. ^Justin Angelo Cappos,Stork: Secure Package Management for VM Environments[permanent dead link], ProQuest, 2008, p. 128;
  2. ^Cooper, David; Feldman, Larry; Witte, Gregory (May 23, 2018)."Protecting Software Integrity Through Code Signing".National Institute of Standards and Technology. ITL Bulletin.
  3. ^"Ports - Working with Ports".OpenBSD.org.
  4. ^"Alpine package format - Alpine Linux".wiki.alpinelinux.org. RetrievedMay 19, 2016.
  5. ^"InstallingSoftware - Community Ubuntu Documentation". Help.ubuntu.com. RetrievedApril 24, 2013.
  6. ^"ebuild". RetrievedJuly 29, 2015.
  7. ^"Basics to Package Management". Archived fromthe original on August 6, 2020. RetrievedMay 1, 2020.
  8. ^"Using Portage to Manage Packages in Gentoo".linode.com. July 15, 2021.
  9. ^"rpm - Trac". RetrievedSeptember 29, 2014.
  10. ^"App packaging". Archived fromthe original on October 8, 2014. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2014.
  11. ^"makepkg.conf(5) Manual Page".
  12. ^"The Slackware Linux Project: Configuration Help". RetrievedSeptember 29, 2014.
Archiving only
Compressing only
Archiving
and compressing
Software packaging
and distributing
Document packaging
and distributing
dpkg
RPM
Embedded systems
  • ipkg
Distribution-agnostic
Others (binary)
Others (source)
Front-ends
Related topics
Linux kernel
Controversies
Distributions
Organizations
Adoption
Media
Security
certifications
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