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Former name | United States Science Pavilion (part ofWorld's Fair in Seattle) |
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| Established | 1962; 63 years ago (1962) |
| Location | Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 47°37′09″N122°21′04″W / 47.6192°N 122.3511°W /47.6192; -122.3511 |
| Type | Science center |
| Director | Will Daugherty (president and CEO) |
| Architect | Minoru Yamasaki |
| Website | www |
Pacific Science Center (PacSci) is a nonprofitscience education organization inSeattle, Washington, United States. Its mainscience museum is on the ground of theSeattle Center nearDowntown Seattle with auxiliary facilities inBellevue, Washington. Pacific Science Center was founded in 1962 and reused the United States Science Pavilion that was built for theCentury 21 Exposition. The Seattle campus has more than 1 million visitors each year.
Pacific Science Center sits on 7.1 acres (29,000 m2) of land at the southwest corner ofSeattle Center. A satellite campus, the Mercer Slough Environmental Education Center, is a collaboration between Pacific Science Center and the City ofBellevue, Washington with educational programming for all ages about environmental stewardship,wetland ecology and nature awareness. Pacific Science Center also offers year-round youth, teen, family and adult programs, including summer camps in various Puget Sound locations, science-themed 21+ events and research weekends.[1]
Pacific Science Center's outreach program, Science On Wheels, has a fleet of vans that bring hands-on science education to schools throughout the Pacific Northwest. The center also has a division of staff whose purpose is to assist teachers in teaching science to their students.[2]
The center's original buildings were theUnited States Science Pavilion designed byMinoru Yamasaki for the 1962World's Fair in Seattle. The World of Science, along with the Worlds of Art, Entertainment, Commerce and Industry, and Tomorrow were the five main theme areas that were installed the World's Fair. Located at the southernmost end of the fairgrounds and west of the Space Needle, the World of Science was located next to the arches, an easily-identifiable landmark.
The fountains located at the entrance of the center appeared in the movieIt Happened at the World's Fair withElvis Presley. After the World's Fair closed, the US Science Pavilion was re-opened asPacific Science Center. The land and buildings were leased for $1.00 a year until 2004, when the title deed was signed over and the Pacific Science Center Foundation officially took ownership.[citation needed]
During the 1960s, many of the center's exhibits were carried over from the original World's Fair exhibition; only a few of these original exhibits remain today. Currently, exhibits remaining from the World's Fair are the Lens and Mirror Machine and a suspended model of the Earth's moon.[3] One of the more notable science exhibits during the World's Fair was a ramp where the buildings were built at a tilt (the "illusion ramp"); this exhibit was reproduced in the late 1990s. The domed Spacerium, now known as the Seattle Laser Dome and used forlaser light show, was designed for a wide-angle movie journey through space. BeforeIMAX, a previous movie theater there showed films such as NASA'sApollo 8 (to the soundtrack of Yellow Submarine) and The 21st Century withWalter Cronkite. Before being elected governor of the state of Washington,Dixy Lee Ray, served as Science Center director for many years. Ray helped promote the Science Center among school children by hosting a school-age geared science program televised on SeattlePBS stationKCTS-9.
In the mid-1970s, the lower-level math area was dominated by theMathematica: A World of Numbers... and Beyond exhibit, where demonstrators in orange jackets (known as "OJ"s) madesoap bubbles and showed audiences how the stylish newChevrolet Chevette was paving the way for the quick adoption of theMetric system. Upstairs, a giant apparatus known as the "probability machine" would ring an alarm before emptying out a bin of balls. The entire exhibition had been originally designed as an exhibit for the IBM Pavilion at the1964–65 New York World's Fair.[4] It was permanently removed around 1980.
An aerospace building contained a full-sizedlunar module mockup from which suitedastronauts would climb out. The Life Building contained theSea Monster House, a replica of aFirst Nationslonghouse,[5] as well as a working hydraulic model[6] ofPuget Sound and theMount Baker volcanic exhibit.
With the physical sciences, the physicswitch onHalloween would ask "Would you like to boilblood in a paper cup?" orGroucho Marx would dumpliquid nitrogen on the ponds after a demo. The presenters in question here were Janie Mann, who did dynamic combustion shows dressed as a witch circa 1977–78, and Dan Cox,[7] who did physics demos as Groucho Marx in the same era. Cox would later go on to become a professor of physics. These staff were part of the "OJ" program (short for "Orange Jacket", the uniform of the time for Science Center tour guides and visitor assistants). The program consisted of 24 work study students, whose leader in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Carl Linde, set a format for the program that would last into the late 1990s. TheEames theater was originally created for a special multi-screenIBM movie for the World Fair. It was later converted into anIMAX screen in 1979, the first of two IMAX theaters at the center.
Pacific Science Center grew dramatically in the 1980s. A key step in its evolution was the hiring of George Moynihan as executive director in 1980.[8] Moynihan, from theLawrence Hall of Science inBerkeley, California, would run the center for the next two decades. His leadership team in the 1980s included Diane Carlson in public programs, Dennis Schatz in education and exhibits, and Dave Taylor in exhibits. In 1984 the science center took a gamble on hosting the exhibitChina: 7000 Years of Discovery. The success of the exhibit helped put PSC on the map as a leading science center.[9] Other notable successes later in the decade were several iterations of a traveling robotic dinosaur exhibit, which led to the center eventually installing a permanent dinosaur display in the 1990s.[10] Pacific Science Center hosted the annualAssociation of Science and Technology Centers conference in October 1987 and opened several major exhibits in the same period, includingKids Works,Body Works, an animal area, and a tide pool.[11]
The Pacific Science Center complex was designed byMinoru Yamasaki; the design brought him international fame, and was featured on the front cover ofTime magazine.[12] He later became architect of theWorld Trade Center inNew York City.[12] The walls of each building, composed of many pre-cast concrete slabs, form an arch motif which was used by Yamasaki in a number of his other designs.[13] In 2025, plans were announced to renovate the courtyard and integrate it into the rest of the Seattle Center grounds with improvements to public access.[14]
In 2013 Pacific Science Center put out a call for public art which would demonstrate the use of solar energy. The resulting installation was designed by Seattle artistDan Corson and involves five 10 meter (33 ft) tall sculptures of flowers, inspired by theAustralian firewheel tree. The work is titledSonic Bloom and generates electricity using solar panels mounted in the flower heads. The flowers hum when people approach them and light up at night.[15]
Today, the Pacific Science Center is composed of eight buildings, including twoIMAX theaters (one of only a few places in the world with more than one IMAX theater), one of the world's largest Laser Dome theaters, a dinosaur exhibit (installed in 1990 --when first installed, it was in Building 3 until the end of 1999, then in the beginning of 2000 it moved to Building 1), a tropicalbutterfly house, aplanetarium, and hundreds of hands-on science exhibits. In addition to a number of permanent exhibits the center also hosts a variety of traveling and temporary exhibits.[16]
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