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| PT-19 | |
|---|---|
 Fairchild PT-19 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Trainer |
| Manufacturer | Fairchild Aircraft |
| Primary users | United States Army Air Corps |
| Number built | 7,700+ |
| History | |
| Introduction date | 1940 |
| First flight | 15 May 1939 |
TheFairchild PT-19 (company designation Fairchild M62) is an Americanmonoplane primarytrainer aircraft that served with theUnited States Army Air Forces,RAF andRCAF duringWorld War II. Designed byFairchild Aircraft, it was a contemporary of theKaydetbiplane trainer, and was used by the USAAF during Primary Flying Training. As with other USAAF trainers of the period, the PT-19 had multiple designations based on the powerplant installed.
According to H.L. Puckett, "Still U.S. pilots were receiving their primary flight training in biplanes, although the low wing advance trainer was in use. A look around showed that there was no low wing primary trainer being produced in the U.S.Fairchild felt this urgency and set his organization at work on such a low wing trainer with the proposal that the new proven Ranger be used as the power plant for the new airplane to be known as the M-62. The M-62, which was to become the PT-19, was to use the experience gained from theF-24 and the more recent Model 46."[1]
In 1933, Fairchild Aircraft Corporation's chief engineer, A.A. Gassner, had hired Armand Thiebolt, as his chief structural engineer. In 1937, Thiebolt was named chief engineer, and given the task of designing the PT-19. Included in the design was the use of interchangeable parts and non-strategic materials. According to Puckett, "The proposed low wing design adapted itself readily to a wide tread landing gear, which when combined with judicious wheel location and a low center of gravity, provided protection against ground looping." The Ranger engine would also result in a narrower cowling compared to those using a radial engine, which meant increased visibility for the pilot. The reduced cowling also improved propeller efficiency and an increase in horsepower.[1]
Thecantilever wings, with wooden ribs, were covered by 3/32 inch preformed mahogany or fir plywood. The inboard portion consisted of a weldedtrussed4130 structure. The fuselage usedChromoly square tubing for thelongerons and brace members, and fabric covered. The cowling was made ofAlclad. Both wing center sections contained the 24.5-US-gallon (93 L) fuel tank, with landing gear housings on the outboard ends. Theoleo struts were designed to withstand a 6g acceleration from a 30-inch (76 cm) drop. Two hollow box wood spars were used in the wing and center sections.Duramold was used to cover the wings. Early models used aluminum alloy seats made by theBudd Company, while later models used plywood seats made byHughes Aircraft Company. Early models had metal floors and flaps, while later models used wood for both. The vertical and horizontal stabilizers were made of spruce spars, covered with1⁄16 inch (1.6 mm) plywood. According to Puckett, "Moisture became the arch enemy of the Fairchild PT and was responsible for the relatively small survival rate of the airplanes built."[1]
On 15 May 1939, the M-62 prototype first flew. In a fly-off competition atWright Field, the aircraft beat out 17 other designs. On 22 September 1939, the Army placed an order for 270 airplanes. Fairchild had to include 27 wood working subcontractors, including furniture stores, ahosiery plant and afoundry. After the start ofWWII, Fairchild licensed manufacturing withFleet Aircraft,Howard Aircraft Corporation,St. Louis Aircraft Corporation, andAeronca.[1]
The original production batch of 275 were powered by theinline 175 hpRanger L-440-1 engine and designated thePT-19.[citation needed] In 1941, mass production began and 3,181 of thePT-19A model, powered by the 200 hp L-440-3, were made byFairchild. An additional 477 were built byAeronca and 44 by the St. Louis Aircraft Corporation. ThePT-19B, of which 917 were built, was equipped for instrument flight training by attaching a collapsible hood to the front cockpit.
When airplane production exceeded engine production, thePT-23 was prototyped by Fairchild. Except for the engine, the airplane was identical from thefirewall rearwards. According to Puckett, "The second protype PT-23 was the only one of these airplanes which was paintedAir Corps blue and yellow."[1] The PT-23 was powered by the 220 hpContinental R-670radial powerplant. A total of 869 PT-23s were built as well as 256 of thePT-23A, which was the instrument flight-equipped version.[citation needed] The PT-23 was manufactured in the US by Fairchild, Aeronca,St. Louis Aircraft Corporation andHoward Aircraft Corporation and inCanada byFleet Aircraft Corporation as well as Fabrica do Galeao inBrazil (220 or 232 between 1944 and 1948).
During 1943, USAAF Training Command received a number of complaints about durability issues with the plywood wings of the PT-19 and the PT-23 when exposed to the high heat and/or humidity of training bases located in Texas and Florida.[2] Maintenance officers at the USAAF overhaul depots had been forced to order replacement of the wooden wing sections after only two to three months' active service because of wood rot and ply separation issues.[2] Subsequent to this incident, the USAAF incorporated a demand for all-metal wing sections on all future fixed-wing training aircraft.[2]
The final variant was thePT-26 which used the L-440-7 engine. The Canadian-built versions of these were designated theCornell for use by theBritish Commonwealth Air Training Plan which was centered in Canada.[citation needed]
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Compared to the earlierbiplane trainers, the Fairchild PT-19 provided a more advanced type of aircraft. Speeds were higher and wing loading more closely approximated that of combat aircraft, with flight characteristics demanding more precision and care. Its virtues were that it was inexpensive, simple to maintain and, most of all, virtually viceless.[citation needed]
These planes were delivered to various bases all over the country by WASPs (Women's Airforce Service Pilots) between 1942-1944.[citation needed]
Thousands of the PT-19 series were rapidly integrated into the United States and Commonwealth training programs, serving throughout World War II and beyond. Even after their retirement in the late 1940s, a substantial number found their way onto the United States and other civil registers, being flown by private pilot owners.[citation needed]
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As of 2011[update], there were 98 airworthy aircraft worldwide.[21]
Data from United States Military Aircraft since 1909[28]
General characteristics
Performance
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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