PHOIBLE (short for "Phonetics Information Base and Lexicon")[1] is alinguisticdatabase accessible through itswebsite and compilingphonological inventories fromprimary documents andtertiary databases into a single, easily searchable sample. The 2019 version 2.0 includes 3,020 inventories containing 3,183 segment types found in 2,186 distinct languages. It is edited by Steven Moran, Assistant Professor from the Institute of Biology at theUniversity of Neuchâtel and Daniel McCloy, Researcher at the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at theUniversity of Washington.
Rather than imposing a single system of describing languages, PHOIBLE attempts to be faithful to the various description methods found in source documents (often called "doculects") and to encode all character data in a consistent representation according to the Unicode API.
Its data is published under theCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 licence (CC BY-SA 3.0).
The website is very similar to those ofGlottolog,WALS andAPiCS.
Since the release of PHOIBLE 2.0 in 2019, the data is taken from the Cross-Linguistic Data Formats (CLDF) dataset of theCross-Linguistic Linked Data (CLLD) project.[2]
The languages are classified by family, geographical coordinates and world regions (Africa, North and South America, Australia, Eurasia and Papunesia).
The individual language pages include geographical information from Glottolog, with a link to its site with theglottocode of the language, and another with theISO 639-3 code pointing to that ofSIL. They also include links to one or morephoneme inventories, with associated bibliographic records for each source. Multiple entries are based on separate sources that disagree on the number and/or identity of phonemes in the language.
In addition to phoneme inventories, PHOIBLE includes distinctive feature data for each phoneme in each language. This system is loosely based on Hayes'Introductory Phonology[3] with some additions from Moisik and Esling'sThe 'whole larynx' approach to laryngeal features,[4] but may change as new languages are added.
A subset of 451 languages in PHOIBLE comes from theUCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID), whose author, Ian Maddieson, is a contributor to the chapter on phonology in WALS.[5]