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Puthuvayil Narayana Panicker (1 March 1909 – 19 June 1995) is known as theFather of theLibrary Movement in the Indian state ofKerala.[1] The activities of theKerala Grandhasala Sangham that he initiated triggered a popular cultural movement in Kerala which produced universal literacy in the state in the 1990s.
June 19, his death anniversary, has been observed in Kerala asVayanadinam (Reading Day) since 1996.[2] The Department of Education in Kerala also observesVayana varam (Reading Week) for a week from June 19 to 25.[2]
In 2017, Indian Prime MinisterNarendra Modi declared June 19, Kerala's Reading Day, as National Reading Day in India.[2] The following month is also observed as National Reading Month in India.[2]
Panicker was born in aNair family on 1909 March 1 to Govinda Pillai and Janaky Amma atNeelamperoor,India.[3] In 1926 he started theSanadanadharmam Library as a teacher in his hometown.[4] He was a teacher and his influence on society was much greater than many of his time.
Panicker led the formation ofThiruvithaamkoor Granthasala Sangham (Travancore Library Association) in 1945 with 47 rural libraries. The slogan of the organization was 'Read and Grow'. Later on, with the formation of Kerala State in 1956, it became Kerala Granthasala Sangham (KGS). He traveled to the villages of Kerala proclaiming the value of reading. He succeeded in bringing some 6,000 libraries into this network. Grandhasala Sangham won the‘Krupsakaya Award’ fromUNESCO in 1975. Panicker was the General Secretary of Sangham for 32 years, until 1977, when it was taken over by the State Government. It became the Kerala State Library Council, with an in-built democratic structure and funding.
After his organization was taken over by the State, Panicker became subject to political interference. In 1977 he responded by founding the Kerala Association for Non-formal Education and Development (KANFED). KANFED was instrumental in starting the Kerala State Literacy Mission, which led Kerala to its universal literacy movement. Thus, Kerala became the first state which achieved universal literacy.
Panicker took a keen interest in promoting Agricultural Books Corners, The Friendship Village Movement (Sauhrudagramam), Reading Programmes for Families, Grants for Books and building libraries and Best Reader's Award P.N. Panicker Foundation.
Panicker died on 19 June 1995, at age 86.[5] The Government of Kerala acknowledged his contributions and ordered that 19 June be observed, annually, asVaayanadinam (Reading Day) with a week-long series of activities at schools and public institutions to honor his contributions to the cause of literacy, education and library movement.
The Department of Posts honored Panicker by issuing a commemorative postage stamp on 21 June 2004.
His birth centenary was celebrated under the auspices of the P. N. Panicker Foundation in 2010.