P. Kesavadev | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1904-07-20)20 July 1904 |
| Died | 1 July 1983(1983-07-01) (aged 78) Trivandrum,Kerala, India |
| Notable awards |
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| Spouse | Seethalekshmi Dev |
| Children | 1 |
| Relatives | Appu Pillai (father) Karthiyayani Amma (mother) |
| Website | |
| kesavadev | |
P. Kesava Pillai (20 July 1904 – 1 July 1983), better known by his pen-nameP. Kesavadev, was a novelist and social reformer ofKerala,India. He is remembered for his speeches, autobiographies, novels, dramas, short stories, and films.Odayil Ninnu,Nadhi,Bhrandalayam,Ayalkar (Central Academi Award-winning novel),Ethirppu (autobiography) andOru Sundariyude Athmakadha are some among his 128 literary works. Kesavadev along withThakazhi Sivasankara Pillai andVaikom Muhammad Basheer are considered the exponents of progressive Malayalam Literature.[1][2]
Keshavadev, born Keshava Pillai, on July 21, 1904, at Kedamangalam, a small hamlet nearNorth Paravur, thenBritish Raj, to Appu Pillai-Karthyayani Amma couple.[3] He had formal education only up to High School levels when he had to abandon it due to financial constraints and take up part-time jobs such as a collection agent, tuition teacher and cloth merchant. It was during this time, he was influenced by the thoughts ofSahodaran Ayyappan and participated in theMishra Bhojanam, a grand feast organized by Ayyappan where around 200 people including people of the lower castes sat together to eat. Subsequently, he joinedArya Samaj and adopted the name Kesavadev to get rid of his last name "Pillai" which denoted his caste. He later aligned himself with theIndian National Congress and with theCommunist Party of India.[3] He was involved with several publications, starting withSwadeshabhimani as an interim editor when A. K. Pillai, the then editor traveled to the UK.Malayala Rajyam,Bhaje Bharatham,Prathidinam andThozhilali were some of the other publications he was involved with; the last one when he was an activecommunist.[4] He also wrote propaganda literature for the communist movement[5] and served as the president of theSahitya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangham (Sahitya Pravarthaka Cooperative Society) andKerala Sahitya Akademi.[3]
Kesavadev published his autobiography,Ethirppu, in 1959,[6] which reflected his communist ideals.[7] He was a recipient ofKerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship.[8] In 1964,Sahitya Akademi selected his work,Ayalkkar for theirannual award for Novel.[9][10] He was also a recipient of the Soviet Land Nehru Award.[3]
Kesavadev's first marriage was to Gomathy Amma but the marriage did not last long.[11] His married again in 1957 when he was in the sixties and working at theAll India Radio; Seethalekshmi Dev, his second wife was a novelist and was much younger to him in her thirties.[3] They had a son.[12]
Kesavadev died on July 1, 1983, at the age of 78.[3]
Kesavadev emerged as one of the makers of modern Malayalam fiction.[13] He can be referred to as the first writer to usher in the Renaissance in Malayalam literature, by writing the novelOdayil Ninnu (From the Gutter; 1942) with a rickshaw puller as its hero.[14] Dev was in the forefront among the writers who employed new norms in the content and characterisation in Malayalam fiction.Odayil Ninnu came as a shocking revelation that a finest piece of literature can be produced with commonplace themes and unconventional style of prose with ordinary mortals as heroes and heroines. Apart from the fact that the appearance of rickshaw puller was a thrilling experience at that time, he was known to have started a new trait in Malayalam literature and many writers followed suit.[15] The novel was made into a movie with the name unchanged, byK. S. Sethumadhavan in 1965.[16]
His second novel,Bhranthalayam (The Mad House; 1949), was novel based on the tragedy of partition of the nation and showed Kesavadev as a humanist.[17][18]Rowdy, his next novel, was published in 1958, which was based on the story of an abused orphan, taking to arms in defense against the community, narrated in a sarcastic style.[19]K. S. Sethumadhavan's 1966 film, Rowdy was based on this novel.[20]Ayalkar (The Neighbours), published in 1963, is considered by many as his masterpiece.[3] This novel is acclaimed as the chronicle of the evolution of the three leading communities of the State of Kerala, theNairs, Christians and Ezhavas from the days of feudalism to the post independent era.[21] Writing about the tragedy of the disintegration of the two majortharavads – Mangalassery and Pachazhi, Kesavadev recreates their past and also narrates the trials and tribulations paving the way for their total destruction as well as the history of the state for a period of about fifty years from the times of feudalism to the rise of the new era. The novel won theSahitya Akademi Award.[22]
The other works of Dev adapted as movies areAadhyathe Katha (1972) directed byK. S. Sethumadhavan,[23]Oru Sundariyude Athmakatha, renamed asOru Sundariyude Katha and directedThoppil Bhasi (1972)[24] andSwapnam (1973), the directorial debut ofBabu Nanthankode.[25] His unfinished novelPadicha Kallanmar was later rewritten and published by his wife Seethalekshmi Dev.[26]
Kesavadev was a prolific writer.[27] He has written about 300 short stories. His stories offer a very wide range and variety in theme and technique and deal with the trivialities of the ordinary people as their themes.[13]
Though Kesavadev is primarily known for his contributions as a Novelist and Short Story writer, the full-length plays and one act plays he has written were very popular in those days and attracted huge audience when enacted on stages.[28] His plays reflect his social criticism. Plays like Pradhanamanthri (Prime Minister) have political undertones and were popular.[13]
P. Kesavadev Trust has instituted P. Kesavadev Awards to be presented yearly to two dignified personalities.[29] One award goes to literature (poetry, novel, and essays). Diabscreen Kerala- Kesavadev Trust Award is presented to best health related article/report alternatively to visual and print media.[30][31]Sugathakumari,Gopinath Muthukad,G.N. Panicker[32] andMohanlal are among the recipients of the award.[7][33]
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