City in Estonia
City in Pärnu County, Estonia
Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpærˑnu] Estonia . Situated in southwest Estonia, Pärnu is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) south of the Estonian capital,Tallinn , and 176 kilometres (109 mi) west of Estonia's second-largest city,Tartu . The city sits off the coast ofPärnu Bay , an inlet of theGulf of Riga , which is a part of theBaltic Sea . In the city, thePärnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga.
Pärnu is a popular summerholiday resort town among Estonians with many hotels, restaurants and large beaches. The city is served byPärnu Airport .
Pärnu in 1554 Pärnu or Old Pärnu (Latin:Perona , German:Pernau, Alt-Pernau , Estonian:Vana-Pärnu ), which was founded by the bishop ofÖsel–Wiek c. 1251 , suffered heavily under pressure of the concurrent town, and was finally destroyed c. 1600 . Another town, Embeke (later German:Neu-Pernau , Estonian:Uus-Pärnu ) was founded by the Livonian Order , who began building anOrdensburg nearby in 1265. The latter town, then known by the German name ofPernau Hanseatic League and an important ice-free harbor forLivonia . ThePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took control of town between 1560 and 1617; thePoles andLithuanians fought theSwedes nearby in 1609. Sweden took control of the town during the 16th-centuryLivonian War as part ofSwedish Livonia , although it was not formally ceded by Poland-Lithuania until the 1660Treaty of Oliva . Sweden then lost Livonia to theRussian Empire in the 1710Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia and the 1721Treaty of Nystad , following theGreat Northern War ; the city also bore the nameПернов Pernov [ 2] Governorate of Livonia until 1917, when it was transferred to the short-livedAutonomous Governorate of Estonia . The city is occasionally referred to asPyarnu , an incorrect reverse-transliteration from the RussianПярну
The town became part of independent Estonia in 1918 followingWorld War I and theEstonian War of Independence .
The city was occupied by theSoviet Red Army along with the rest of Estonia in 1940 duringWorld War II , and its German population fled the town. It was briefly occupied byGermany from 1941 until 1944 before it was liberated by the Soviet Union during its counteroffensives. Pärnu then continued as being part of theEstonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, when Estonia restored its independence.
During theGreat Northern War , theAcademia Gustavo-Carolina in Dorpat (cf.University of Tartu ) was relocated from Dorpat to Pärnu from 1699 to 1710. The university has still maintained a branch campus in Pärnu to this day (1,000 students in the 2004/2005 school year).[ 3]
Drone video of Pärnu coastal meadow hiking trail, beach and town in June 2022 There are seven districts in Pärnu: Ülejõe, Rääma, Vana-Pärnu, Kesklinn, Rannarajoon, Eeslinn and Raeküla.[ 4]
Pärnu lies within the temperate humid continental climate zone.
Climate data for Pärnu (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1842–present) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 9.0 8.3 19.6 26.2 31.2 32.6 34.1 33.4 28.0 22.4 12.6 10.3 34.1 Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.8 −1 3.0 10.2 16.7 20.2 23.0 21.8 16.6 9.9 4.3 1.1 10.4 Daily mean °C (°F) −3.0 −3.7 −0.5 5.4 11.4 15.4 18.3 17.2 12.5 6.8 2.2 −0.9 6.8 Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.5 −6.6 −3.7 1.2 6.1 10.7 13.6 12.8 8.6 3.8 0.0 −3.1 3.2 Record low °C (°F) −34.8 −34.3 −28.5 −19.7 −5.3 −0.1 3.4 2.6 −4.7 −10.9 −22.2 −34.5 −34.8 Averageprecipitation mm (inches) 61 49 43 40 39 78 74 84 61 83 73 71 761 Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) 12.6 10.4 9.5 8.4 7.7 9.7 9.6 10.4 9.6 12.2 13.5 14.0 127.6 Averagerelative humidity (%) 88 87 81 73 68 73 75 78 82 86 89 89 81 Mean monthlysunshine hours 38.8 69.6 148.2 210.1 300.3 293.5 306.4 258.6 172.8 95.5 36.5 24.3 1,950.2 Source:Estonian Weather Service [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11]
Coastal temperature data for Pärnu Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average sea temperature °C (°F) 0.4 0.0 -0.1 1.9 7.7 14.7 19.4 19.1 15.9 10.7 6.7 3.6 8.3 Source 1: Seatemperature.org[ 12]
Pärnu River ,Sauga River ,Reiu River ,Pärnu Moat ,Pärnu Bay .
Pärnu Moat was previously a part of Pärnu Fortress. Nowadays, it is mainly used as a venue for different events.[ 13]
Year 1881 1897 1922 1934 1959 1970 1979 1989 2000 2011 2012 2017 2021 Population 12,966 12,898 18,499 20,334 22,367 50,224 54,051 53,885 45,500 39,728 40,401 40,700 40,228
Ethnic composition 1922–2021 Ethnicity 1922 [ 14] 1934 [ 15] 1941[ 16] 1959 [ 17] 1970 [ 18] 1979 [ 19] 1989 [ 19] 2000 [ 20] 2011 [ 21] 2021 [ 22] amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % Estonians 16440 89.0 18436 90.7 18370 96.7 26669 73.9 34370 74.2 36748 74.1 37939 72.4 36112 79.4 33000 83.1 33682 83.7 Russians 494 2.67 469 2.31 328 1.73 – – 9146 19.7 9676 19.5 10753 20.5 6951 15.3 5076 12.8 4256 10.6 Ukrainians – – 7 0.03 – – – – 1010 2.18 1255 2.53 1631 3.11 966 2.12 671 1.69 887 2.20 Belarusians – – – – – – – – 412 0.89 493 0.99 546 1.04 297 0.65 179 0.45 184 0.46 Finns – – 14 0.07 11 0.06 – – 517 1.12 543 1.09 534 1.02 331 0.73 254 0.64 324 0.81 Jews 236 1.28 248 1.22 0 0.00 – – 190 0.41 138 0.28 76 0.15 35 0.08 20 0.05 13 0.03 Latvians – – 143 0.70 88 0.46 – – 135 0.29 165 0.33 150 0.29 85 0.19 65 0.16 128 0.32 Germans 1030 5.57 871 4.28 – – – – – – 105 0.21 132 0.25 69 0.15 50 0.13 55 0.14 Tatars – – 0 0.00 – – – – – – 76 0.15 103 0.20 45 0.10 33 0.08 31 0.08 Poles – – 34 0.17 26 0.14 – – – – 108 0.22 81 0.15 60 0.13 35 0.09 37 0.09 Lithuanians – – 10 0.05 6 0.03 – – 60 0.13 80 0.16 83 0.16 82 0.18 60 0.15 58 0.14 unknown 0 0.00 28 0.14 8 0.04 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 226 0.50 59 0.15 129 0.32 other 281 1.52 74 0.36 167 0.88 9398 26.1 476 1.03 236 0.48 361 0.69 241 0.53 226 0.57 444 1.10 Total 18481 100 20334 100 19004 100 36067 100 46316 100 49623 100 52389 100 45500 100 39728 100 40228 100
Rüütli street in Pärnu. Today Pärnu is an economically balanced region with a comprehensive range of industries. Foreign investments and new businesses with up-to-date technologies have enhanced job creation and higher competitiveness of the businesses in the world markets. Several enterprises of Pärnu region stand out as the best in Estonia.
Significant flows of exports from Pärnu region and South-Estonia pass through the Port of Pärnu which lies at the mouth of the Pärnu River. In recent years, the port has developed into an important regional harbour for south-western and southern Estonia.Pärnu's fame as a rehabilitation and holiday resort dates back to the middle of the 19th century. The foundation of the first bathing facility in 1838 is considered the birth date of Pärnu resort. Today Pärnu has all desirable qualities of a modern holiday resort – it has spas and rehabilitation centres, hotels, conference and concert venues, golf courses and tennis courts, restaurants and pubs. It's long tradition as a resort has made Pärnu well known in Finland and Scandinavian countries.
Pärnumud baths The majority of the tourists in Pärnu are Finns, Swedes and Russians. German, Latvian, and Norwegian tourists have also become more common.
In 1837, a tavern near the beach was made into a bathing establishment. The establishment accommodated 5–6 bathrooms that provided hot seawater baths in summer and operated as a sauna in winter. The wooden building was burnt down in the course ofWorld War I . In 1927, the present stone building of Pärnu Mud Baths was erected at the same site. Kursaal hall dating from 1880 which is close by is used for concerts.[ 23]
Since 1996 Pärnu has been known as Estonia's Summer Capital.[ 24] [ 25]
Starting from 2015 the city of Pärnu hosts the annualWeekend Festival , the largest dance music festival in theNordic andBaltic region. Stages are headlined by DJs from across theelectronic dance music spectrum, with audiovisual support. Some of the past and upcoming artists to perform includeMartin Garrix ,David Guetta ,Avicii ,Steve Aoki ,The Chainsmokers ,Tiësto ,Armin van Buuren ,Hardwell ,Robin Schulz ,Afrojack ,deadmau5 ,Knife Party ,Desiigner and many more.Pärnu is also known for its seawall. According to legend, if a couple holds hands while journeying along the wall and kisses at its endpoint they will stay together forever.[ 26]
Memorial monument ofLydia Koidula created byAmandus Adamson Elisabeth Aspe , writerGustav Fabergé , jewellerJohann Voldemar Jannsen , journalist and poetLili Kaelas , archeologistTõnis Kasemets , race-car driver who has competed inChampCar andIMSA Rein Kask , politicianEgon Kaur , rally driverPaul Keres , chess grandmasterLydia Koidula , poetIlmi Kolla , poetKaie Kõrb , prima ballerinaJüri Kukk , professor of chemistry, dissident, and political prisonerKarin Luts , artistFriedrich Martens , lawyerKaili Närep , actressRene Pais , professionally known as Syn Cole, DJ and musicianLiisa Pulk , actressRasmus Rändvee , singerSalme Reek , actressGeorg Wilhelm Richmann , German physicistErika Salumäe , track bicycle racerDavid Samoylov , poetAugust Sang , poetOlev Siinmaa , architectDavid Shrayer-Petrov , poet, fiction writer, translator, medical scientistMaxim D. Shrayer , author and literary scholarLilli Suburg , writerAvo Sõmer , musicologist, music theorist, composerKristin Tattar , athlete, disc golf world champion^ Population by sex, age and place of residence after the 2017 administrative reform, 1 January . Statistics Estonia.^ public domain : "Пернов" Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary ^ University of Tartu Pärnu College ^ "LINNAOSADE JA -JAGUDE LÜHENDID" .www.eki.ee (in Estonian). Retrieved18 March 2020 .^ "Climate normals-Temperature" . Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved1 February 2021 .^ "Climate normals-Precipitation" . Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved1 February 2021 .^ "Climate normals-Humidity" . Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved1 February 2021 .^ "Climate normals-Sunshine" . Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved1 February 2021 .^ "Rekordid" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved19 March 2021 .^ "Kliimanormid-Sademed, õhuniiskus" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Archived fromthe original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved1 February 2021 .^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" .National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . RetrievedDecember 21, 2023 .^ "Pärnu Sea Temperature" . 2023-04-25.^ "Pärnu moat, Estonia" .Visitestonia.com . Retrieved23 December 2020 .^ 1922 a. üldrahvalugemise andmed. Vihk I ja II, Rahva demograafiline koosseis ja korteriolud Eestis ISBN 9789916103067 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^ Rahvastiku koostis ja korteriolud. 1.III 1934 rahvaloenduse andmed. Vihk II 47– 53.hdl :10062/4439 .^ Eesti Statistika : kuukiri 1942-03/04 66– 67.^ Katus, Kalev; Puur, Allan; Põldma, Asta (2005).Rahvastiku ühtlusarvutatud sündmus- ja loendusstatistika: Pärnumaa 1965–1990 31– 32.ISBN 9985-820-83-5 ^ Население районов, городов и поселков городского типа Эстонской ССР : по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения на 15 января 1970 года ^a b Eesti Vabariigi maakondade, linnade ja alevite rahvastik. 1. osa, Rahvaarv rahvuse, perekonnaseisu, hariduse ja elatusallikate järgi : 1989. a. rahvaloenduse andmed ISBN 978-9949-7193-2-7 ^ "RL222: RAHVASTIK ELUKOHA JA RAHVUSE JÄRGI" .Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).^ "RL0429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011" .Estonian Statistical Database . Retrieved4 February 2021 .^ "RL21429: Rahvastik Rahvuse, Soo, Vanuserühma Ja ELukoha (Haldusüksus) Järgi, 31. DETSEMBER 2021" .Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).^ Peter und Rainer Höh:Baltikum , p. 564. Bielefeld 1993 ^ suvepealinn ^ "Short history – VisitPärnu.com" . Archived fromthe original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved2012-06-15 .^ "Pärnu Seawall" .Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Pärnu .
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for
Pärnu .
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Kontore Vitten Factories 1 Cologne andDortmund were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.2 The kontor was moved toAntwerp onceBruges became inaccessible due to the silting of theZwin channel.
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