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Pápa | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Pápa Location of Pápa Show map of Hungary Pápa Pápa (Europe) Show map of Europe | |
| Coordinates:47°19′25″N17°28′05″E / 47.32373°N 17.46802°E /47.32373; 17.46802 | |
| Country |  Hungary |
| County | Veszprém |
| District | Pápa |
| Area | |
• Total | 91.47 km2 (35.32 sq mi) |
| Population (2024) | |
• Total | 28,549 |
| • Density | 338/km2 (880/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8500 |
| Area code | (+36) 89 |
| Website | papa |
Pápa[ˈpaːpɒ] is a historical town inVeszprém county,Hungary, located close to the northern edge of theBakony Hills, and noted for itsbaroque architecture. With its 28,549 inhabitants (2024), it is the cultural, economic and tourism centre of the region.
Pápa is one of the centres of theReformed faith inTransdanubia, as the existence of numerous ecclesiastical heritage sites and museums suggest. Due to the multitude of heritage buildings the centre of the town is now protected.
Pápa has a large historical centre, with renovated old burgher's houses, cafes, and museums, including the Blue-Dyeing Museum (Kékfestő Múzeum), set up in a former factory which produced clothes and other textiles dyed withindigo blue under a unique method.
The town is also noted for its thermal baths, particularly a newly constructed swimming complex, theEsterházy family's palace, its grandRoman Catholic church, andCalvinist secondary school; the town is an important religious centre. It also boasts a large park near the centre of town.
The town has been the main center of trade in the wines of theSomló wine region. Pápa was an administrative regional capital from 1945 to 1983.
Pápa is a historic town first mentioned in records in 1061. It is possible that the town (originally a royal manor) was named after thekindred Pápa. Its importance and development is proved by the fact that in the 14th century the town was given civic privileges and at the beginning of the next century it became a market-town, which evolved from the 11 villages that occupied the current territory of the town during theMiddle Ages. Large landowning families and various religious orders played an important role in the development of Pápa as a city: theFranciscans settled here in 1475 and thePaulists in 1638.
In the late Middle Ages it was the most important centre ofProtestantism inTransdanubia. Reformationist doctrines swept in at the start of theReformation. The first Hungarian translation of theCatechism of Heidelberg was printed in 1577. AfterSopron andSárvár, this town became the third most important centre of Protestantism in Transdanubia.
AReformed Church school operated here as early as in 1531, which was later expanded with a faculty of theology and an academy of law. The castle of Pápa already stood in the 15th century, and inTurkish times it became part of the system of border fortresses.
Construction of the current town centre began in the late 18th century, when it looked surprisingly similar to how it does today, hence its heritage protection status. The castle was converted into a palace, the lake that used to protect the castle from the east was drained, and a monumental church was built on the main square.
Between 1929 and 1945, Pápa was a county town and from 1945 to 1983 a district town.World War II caused immeasurable losses to the city as a whole. The palace and the synagogue were severely damaged, the archives were destroyed.
On 18 November 2007,Pápa Air Base was selected to host threeNATOC-17 Globemaster III transport aircraft of the futureHeavy Airlift Wing which was activated in 2009.[1]
Jews were permitted to settle in 1748, which helped Pápa to grow into a regional trade centre. By the 19th century, Hungary's third most significantJewish community had gathered and the third largest synagogue was built here in 1846.
Theanti-Jewish laws of 1938–39 caused great hardship in the community, and from 1940 the young Jewish men were sent toforced labour battalions, at first within Hungary, but later to theRussian front (1942). The Jewish population in Pápa increased from 452 in 1787 to 2645 in 1840 (19.6% of the total population), and 3,550 in 1880 (24.2%). After the beginning of the 20th century, a gradual decline began. There were 3,076 Jews in 1910 (15.3%), 2,991 in 1920, 2,613 in 1941 (11%) and 2,565 in 1944.
After theGerman occupation on March 19, 1944, the Jews were confined in aghetto on May 24 and from there moved to aconcentration camp which was set up in a factory in the town. On July 4 and 5, 2,565 Jews of the city plus 300 from the vicinity were deported toAuschwitz concentration camp from which less than 10% returned. In 1946 there were 470 Jews in the town (2% of the population) and by 1970 the number had fallen to 40. There are no Jews left in Pápa.[2] The last rabbi of the community beforeWorld War II, RabbiYosef Greenwald, established a community called Pupa in theUnited States, and today it exists as aHasidiccourt, called "Pupa".
Pápa's climate is classified asoceanic climate (KöppenCfb). The annual average temperature is 10.8 °C (51.4 °F), the hottest month in July is 21.0 °C (69.8 °F), and the coldest month is 0.1 °C (32.2 °F) in January. The annual precipitation is 597.4 millimetres (23.52 in), of which June is the wettest with 71.2 millimetres (2.80 in), while February is the driest with only 29.4 millimetres (1.16 in). The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from −21.7 °C (−7.1 °F) on January 12, 2003 to 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) on August 8, 2013.
| Climate data for Pápa, 1991−2020 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) | 20.8 (69.4) | 23.2 (73.8) | 29.9 (85.8) | 32.3 (90.1) | 36.5 (97.7) | 38.6 (101.5) | 39.4 (102.9) | 32.5 (90.5) | 27.1 (80.8) | 23.6 (74.5) | 17.8 (64.0) | 39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | 11.4 (52.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.4 (81.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 16.2 (61.2) | 9.9 (49.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | 16.1 (61.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) | 1.8 (35.2) | 6.0 (42.8) | 11.2 (52.2) | 15.5 (59.9) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.6 (69.1) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.9 (51.6) | 5.9 (42.6) | 1.1 (34.0) | 10.8 (51.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) | −2.2 (28.0) | 1.0 (33.8) | 5.3 (41.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 13.0 (55.4) | 14.6 (58.3) | 14.3 (57.7) | 10.5 (50.9) | 6.4 (43.5) | 2.3 (36.1) | −2.2 (28.0) | 5.8 (42.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.7 (−7.1) | −20.3 (−4.5) | −17.6 (0.3) | −8.7 (16.3) | −2.2 (28.0) | 1.8 (35.2) | 5.9 (42.6) | 4.8 (40.6) | −0.7 (30.7) | −9.7 (14.5) | −11.0 (12.2) | −21.7 (−7.1) | −21.7 (−7.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 30.0 (1.18) | 29.4 (1.16) | 33.9 (1.33) | 37.4 (1.47) | 65.6 (2.58) | 71.2 (2.80) | 58.0 (2.28) | 68.9 (2.71) | 67.5 (2.66) | 51.9 (2.04) | 46.2 (1.82) | 37.4 (1.47) | 597.4 (23.52) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.7 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 8.8 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 82.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 81.5 | 75.7 | 69.6 | 65.1 | 68.8 | 69.9 | 68.3 | 68.9 | 74.6 | 79.7 | 83.4 | 85.6 | 74.1 |
| Source: NOAA[3] | |||||||||||||
Pápa won the János Hild Memorial Medal in 1989 for restoration work creating a beautiful townscape in the town. After the Reformation, new church and educational traditions were initiated. A new grammar school was built, the Reformed College recommenced its activities and higher education began once again.
A symbol of the town is the Great Church in the Main square, which was built according to the plans ofJakab Fellner between 1774 and 1786. It was decorated with frescoes byFranz Anton Maulbertsch.
The "white church" in the Main street built by the Paulists, later home of theBenedictine order, was completed by 1744. Its furnishing is valuable decorated with unique wood-carving. The 17th century so calledBlack Christ can be found in itsparvis.
The Franciscan church is in Barát Street, it was built between 1678 and 1680. Pápa has been the centre of the Transdanubian Reformed Church, whose famous college was founded in 1531. Its spirituality has had a significant role in the life of the town since then.
In 1844, Pápa's local Jewish community began building a synagogue in the town's predominantly Jewish neighborhood. In continuing his family's good relations with the local Jewish community, Count Paul Esterhazy de Galanthay donated 100 thousand bricks to assist in the synagogue's construction. Construction of the new synagogue was completed in 1846, and its opening service was officiated by Rabbi Leopold Löw (the rabbi is credited for being the first to introduce the Hungarian language into his services). The building was vandalized by the Nazis.
The population is largely descendants ofGerman settlers, who came here mostly in the 18th century.
Pápa is considered to be a school town. The present building of the college was built between 1895 and 1899. Today a secondary school of six and four classes and the Pápa Reformed Collection (library, archives, museum) can be found there. The Old College is inPetőfi Sándor street, beside it there is a plaque on the house where Sándor Petőfi, Hungary's National Poet, at one time dwelt.
TheCalvinist old church houses the permanent exhibition of the Museum of Religious Art.The painted sarcophagus of the EgyptianHori (High Priest of Osiris) made between 1186-1070 B.C. is exhibited here.[4]
The famous Museum of Blue-dyeing is opposite the Calvinist College. The blue-dyeing workshop of the Kluge family was one of the most significant in Central Europe. Active until 1956, its original furnishings and equipment can be seen today.
Another important building of the Main Square is the building complex of theEsterházy-mansion.The reading hall of the library in the mansion was awarded theEuropa Nostra-prize after the restoration of the former mansion chapel. The restoration of thebaroque mansion started in 2000 and works are still underway. Apart from the baroque mansion and the Great Church in the Main square, the town is also proud of itsbaroque dwelling houses. In the historical part of the town there are a number of monuments and locally protected buildings.
Casalecchio di Reno, Italy
Covasna, Romania
Gorlice, Poland
Hurbanovo, Slovakia
Kampen, Netherlands
Leinefelde-Worbis, GermanyLučenec, SlovakiaSchwetzingen, Germany
Vyshkovo, UkraineThe association football club,Pápai PFC, competes in the2017–18 Nemzeti Bajnokság III.[6]
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