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Oxyrhynchus Papyri

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Manuscript fragments from 32BC–640AD found in an Egyptian rubbish dump

Grenfell (left) andHunt (right) in about 1896

Oxyrhynchus

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Site where the Oxyrhynchus Papyri were discovered

TheOxyrhynchus Papyri are a group ofmanuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries bypapyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell andArthur Surridge Hunt at an ancientrubbish dump nearOxyrhynchus inEgypt (28°32′N30°40′E / 28.533°N 30.667°E /28.533; 30.667, modernel-Bahnasa).

The manuscripts date from the time of thePtolemaic (3rd century BC) andRoman periods of Egyptian history (from32 BC to theMuslim conquest of Egypt in 640 AD).

Only an estimated 10% are literary in nature. Most of the papyri found seem to consist mainly of public and private documents:codes,edicts,registers, official correspondence,census-returns,tax-assessments,petitions,court-records,sales,leases,wills,bills,accounts,inventories,horoscopes, and private letters.^[1]

Although most of the papyri were written inGreek, some texts written in Egyptian (Egyptian hieroglyphics,Hieratic,Demotic, mostlyCoptic),Latin andArabic were also found. Texts inHebrew,Aramaic,Syriac andPahlavi have so far represented only a small percentage of the total.^[2]

Since 1898, academics havecollated and transcribed over 5,000 documents from what were originally hundreds of boxes of papyrus fragments the size of large cornflakes. This is thought to represent only 1 to 2% of what is estimated to be at least half a million papyri still remaining to be conserved, transcribed, deciphered and catalogued. The most recent published volume was Vol. LXXXVIII, released on 1st of May 2025^[update].

Oxyrhynchus Papyri are currently housed in institutions all over the world. A substantial number are housed in theBodleian Art Library atOxford University. There is an online table of contents briefly listing the type of contents of each papyrus or fragment.^[3]

Vol	Oxy	Date	Content	Institution	City, State	Country
IV	656	150	Gen 14:21–23; 15:5–9; 19:32–20:11; 24:28–47; 27:32–33, 40–41	Bodleian Library; MS.Gr.bib.d.5(P)	Oxford	UK
VI	845	400	Psalms 68 ; 70	Egyptian Museum; JE 41083	Cairo	Egypt
VI	846	550	Amos 2	University of Pennsylvania; E 3074	Philadelphia Pennsylvania	U.S.
VII	1007	400	Genesis 2–3	British Museum; Inv. 2047	London	UK
VIII	1073	350	Gen 5–6 Old Latin	British Museum; Inv. 2052	London	UK
VIII	1074	250	Exodus 31–32	University of Illinois; GP 1074	Urbana, Illinois	U.S.
VIII	1075	250	Exodus 11:26–32	British Library; Inv. 2053 (recto)	London	UK
IX	1166	250	Genesis 16:8–12	British Library; Inv. 2066	London	UK
IX	1167	350	Genesis 31	Princeton Theological Seminary Pap. 9	Princeton New Jersey	U.S.
IX	1168	350	Joshua 4-5 vellum	Princeton Theological Seminary Pap. 10	Princeton New Jersey	U.S.
X	1225	350	Leviticus 16	Princeton Theological Seminary Pap. 12	Princeton New Jersey	U.S.
X	1226	300	Psalms 7 –8	Liverpool University Class. Gr. Libr. 4241227	Liverpool	UK
XI	1351	350	Lev 27 vellum	Ambrose Swasey Library; 886.4 Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School (prior to privatesale)	Rochester New York	U.S.
XI	1352	325	Pss 82 –83 vellum	Egyptian Museum; JE 47472	Cairo	Egypt
XV	1779	350	Psalm 1	United Theological Seminary	Dayton, Ohio	U.S.
XVI	1928	500	Ps 90 amulet	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XVII	2065	500	Psalm 90	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XVII	2066	500	Ecclesiastes 6–7	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XXIV	2386	500	Psalms 83 –84	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
L	3522	50	Job 42.11–12	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LX	4011	550	Ps 75 interlinear	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXV	4442	225	Ex 20:10–17, 18–22	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXV	4443	100	Esther 8:16-9:3	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK

Vol	Oxy	Date	Content	Institution	City, State	Country
III	403	400	2 Baruch 12:1–13:2, 13:11–14:3	Property of The General Theological Seminary and held at the Bishop Payne Library ofVirginia Theological Seminary	Alexandria, VA	U.S.
VII	1010	350	2 Esdras 16:57–59	Bodleian Library MS.Gr.bib.g.3(P)	Oxford	UK
VIII	1076	550	Tobit 2 not LXX	John Rylands University Library 448	Manchester	UK
XIII	1594	275	Tobit 12 vellum, not LXX	Cambridge University Library Add.MS. 6363	Cambridge	UK
XIII	1595	550	Ecclesiasticus 1	Palestine Institute Museum Pacific School of Religion	Berkeley California	U.S.
XVII	2069	400	1 Enoch 85.10–86.2, 87.1–3	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XVII	2074	450	Apostrophe toWisdom [?]	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXV	4444	350	Wisdom 4:17–5:1 vellum	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK

Vol	Oxy	Date	Content	Institution	City, State	Country
IX	1173	250	Philo	Bodleian Library	Oxford	UK
XI	1356	250	Philo	Bodleian Library	Oxford	UK
XVIII	2158	250	Philo	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XXXVI	2745	400	onomasticon of Hebrew names	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK

Vol	Oxy	CRG	Date	Content	Institution	City, State	Country
I	2	𝔓¹	250	Matthew 1	University of Pennsylvania	Philadelphia Pennsylvania	U.S.
I	3	069	500	Mark 10:50.51;11:11.12	Frederick HaskellOriental Institute University of Chicago; 2057	Chicago Illinois	U.S.
II	208=1781	𝔓⁵	250	John 1 , 16 , 20	British Library	London	UK
II	209	𝔓¹⁰	350	Romans 1	Houghton Library,Harvard	Cambridge Massachusetts	U.S.
III	401	071	500	Matthew 10 -11 †	Harvard Semitic Museum; 3735	Cambridge Massachusetts	U.S.
III	402	𝔓⁹	250	1 John 4	Houghton Library,Harvard	Cambridge Massachusetts	U.S.
IV	657	𝔓¹³	250	Hebrews 2 –5 , 10 –12	British Library	London	UK
VI	847	0162	300	John 2	Metropolitan Museum of Art	New York	U.S.
VI	848	0163	450	Revelation 16	Metropolitan Museum of Art	New York	U.S.
VII	1008	𝔓¹⁵	250	1 Corinthians 7 –8	Egyptian Museum	Cairo	Egypt
VII	1009	𝔓¹⁶	300	Philippians 3 –4	Egyptian Museum	Cairo	Egypt
VIII	1078	𝔓¹⁷	350	Hebrews 9	Cambridge University Library,Cambridge	Cambridge	UK
VIII	1079	𝔓¹⁸	300	Revelation 1	British Library	London	UK
VIII	1080	0169	350	Revelation 3 –4	Robert Elliott Speer Library Princeton Theological Seminary	Princeton	U.S.
IX	1169	0170	500	Matthew 6	Robert Elliott Speer Library Princeton Theological Seminary	Princeton	U.S.
IX	1170	𝔓¹⁹	400	Matthew 10 –11	Bodleian Library	Oxford	UK
IX	1171	𝔓²⁰	250	James 2 –3	Harvey S. Firestone Memorial Library,Princeton	Princeton New Jersey	U.S.
X	1227	𝔓²¹	400	Matthew 12	Muhlenberg College	Allentown Pennsylvania	U.S.
X	1228	𝔓²²	250	John 15 –16	Glasgow University Library	Glasgow	UK
X	1229	𝔓²³	250	James 1	University of Illinois	Urbana, Illinois	U.S.
X	1230	𝔓²⁴	350	Revelation 5 –6	Franklin Trask Library Andover Newton Theological School	Newton Massachusetts	U.S.
XI	1353	0206	350	1 Peter 5	United Theological Seminary	Dayton, Ohio	U.S.
XI	1354	𝔓²⁶	600	Romans 1	Joseph S. Bridwell Library Southern Methodist University	Dallas, Texas	U.S.
XI	1355	𝔓²⁷	250	Romans 8 –9	Cambridge University Library	Cambridge	UK
XIII	1596	𝔓²⁸	250	John 6	Palestine Institute Museum Pacific School of Religion	Berkeley California	U.S.
XIII	1597	𝔓²⁹	250	Acts 26	Bodleian Library	Oxford	UK
XIII	1598	𝔓³⁰	250	1 Ths 4 –5;2 Ths 1	Ghent University Library	Ghent	Belgium
XV	1780	𝔓³⁹	250	John 8	Museum of the Bible	Washington, D.C.	U.S.
XV	1781=208	𝔓⁵	250	John 1 , 16 , 20	British Library	London	UK
XVIII	2157	𝔓⁵¹	400	Galatians 1	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XXIV	2383	𝔓⁶⁹	250	Luke 22	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XXIV	2384	𝔓⁷⁰	250	Matthew 2 –3 , 11 –12 , 24	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XXIV	2385	𝔓⁷¹	350	Matthew 19	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XXXIV/LXIV	2683/4405	𝔓⁷⁷	200	Matthew 23	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XXXIV	2684	𝔓⁷⁸	300	Jude	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
L	3523	𝔓⁹⁰	150	John 18 –19	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXV	4449	𝔓¹⁰⁰	300	James 3 –5	Sackler Library Papyrology Rooms	Oxford	UK
LXIV	4401	𝔓¹⁰¹	250	Matthew 3 –4	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXIV	4402	𝔓¹⁰²	300	Matthew 4	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXIV	4403	𝔓¹⁰³	200	Matthew 13 –14	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXIV	4404	𝔓¹⁰⁴	150	Matthew 21?	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXIV	4406	𝔓¹⁰⁵	500	Matthew 27 –28	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXV	4445	𝔓¹⁰⁶	250	John 1	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXV	4446	𝔓¹⁰⁷	250	John 17	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXV	4447	𝔓¹⁰⁸	250	John 17 /18	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXV	4448	𝔓¹⁰⁹	250	John 21	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXVI	4494^[24]	𝔓¹¹⁰	350	Matthew 10	Sackler Library Papyrology Rooms	Oxford	UK
LXVI	4495	𝔓¹¹¹	250	Luke 17	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXVI	4496	𝔓¹¹²	450	Acts 26 –27	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXVI	4497	𝔓¹¹³	250	Romans 2	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXVI	4498	𝔓¹¹⁴	250	Hebrews 1	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXVI	4499	𝔓¹¹⁵	300	Revelation 2 –3 , 5 –6 , 8 –15	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXVI	4500	0308	350	Revelation 11:15–18	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXI	4803	𝔓¹¹⁹	250	John 1:21–28, 38–44	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXI	4804	𝔓¹²⁰	350	John 1:25–28, 33–38, 42–44	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXI	4805	𝔓¹²¹	250	John 19:17–18, 25–26	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXI	4806	𝔓¹²²	4th/5th century	John 21:11–14, 22–24	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXII	4844	𝔓¹²³	4th/5th century	1 Corinthians 14:31–34;15:3–6	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXII	4845	𝔓¹²⁴	4th/5th century	2 Corinthians 11:1-4. 6–9	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXIII	4934	𝔓¹²⁵	3rd/4th century	1 Peter 1:23-2:5.7-12	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXIV	4968	𝔓¹²⁷	5th century	Acts 10 –17	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXXI	5258	𝔓¹³²	3rd/4th century	Ephesians 3:21–4:2, 14–16	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
LXXXI	5259	𝔓¹³³	3rd century	1 Timothy 3:13–4:8	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXXXVII	5575		late 2nd century	Syncretistic:^[25] portions of Matt 6, Luke 12, Thomas 27

Vol	Oxy	Date	Content	Institution	City, State	Country
Early Writings
LXIX	4705	250	Shepherd,Visions 1:1, 8–9	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LXIX	4706	200	Shepherd Visions 3–4;Commandments 2; 4–9	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
L	3526	350	Shepherd,Commandments 5–6 [same codex as 1172]	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XV	1783	325	Shepherd,Commandments 9
IX	1172	350	Shepherd,Parables 2:4–10 [same codex as 3526]	British Library; Inv. 224	London	UK
LXIX	4707	250	Shepherd,Parables 6:3–7:2	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XIII	1599	350	Shepherd,Parables 8
L	3527	200	Shepherd,Parables 8:4–5	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
L	3528	200	Shepherd,Parables 9:20–22	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
III	404	300	Shepherd
XV	1782	350	Didache 1–3	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
Pseudepigrapha
I	1	200	Gospel of Thomas	Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. e 7 (P)	Oxford	UK
IV	654	200	Gospel of Thomas	British Library; Inv. 1531	London	UK
IV	655	200	Gospel of Thomas	Houghton Library,Harvard SM Inv. 4367	Cambridge Massachusetts	US
XLI	2949	200	Gospel of Peter?	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
L	3524	550	Gospel of James 25:1	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
L	3525	250	Gospel of Mary	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
LX	4009	150	Gospel of Peter?	Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
I	6	450	Acts of Paul and Thecla
VI	849	325	Acts of Peter
VI	850	350	Acts of John
VI	851	500	Apocryphal Acts
VIII	1081		Gnostic Gospel
II	210	250	Unknown gospel	Cambridge University Library Add. Ms. 4048	Cambridge	UK
V	840	200	Unknown gospel	Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. g 11	Oxford	UK
X	1224	300	Unknown gospel	Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. e 8 (P)	Oxford	UK

Vol	Oxy	Date	Content	Institution	City, State	Country
Biblical quotes
VIII	1077	550	Amulet: magic text quotesMatthew 4:23–24	Trexler Library; Pap. Theol. 2 Muhlenberg College	Allentown Pennsylvania	U.S.
LX	4010^[28]	350	"Our Father" (Matthew 6:9ff) with introductory prayer	Papyrology Room Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
Creeds
XVII	2067^[29]	450	Nicene Creed (325)	Papyrology Room Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XV	1784	450	Constantinopolitan Creed (4th-century)	Ambrose Swasey Library Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School	Rochester New York	U.S.
Church Fathers
III	405	250	Irenaeus,Against Heresies	Cambridge University Library Add. Ms. 4413	Cambridge	UK
XXXI	2531^[30]	550	Theophilus I of Alexandria Peri Katanuxeos [?]	Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library	Oxford	UK
Unknown theological works
XIII	1600	450	treatise onThe Passion	Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. d 4 (P)	Oxford	UK
I	4	300	theological fragment	Cambridge University Library	Cambridge	UK
III	406	250	theological fragment	Library; BH 88470.1 McCormick Theological Seminary	Chicago Illinois	U.S.
Dialogues (theological discussions)
XVII	2070^[31]	275	anti-Jewish dialogue	Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library	Oxford	UK
XVII	2071^[32]	550	fragment of a dialogue	Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library	Oxford	UK
Apologies (arguments in defence of Christianity)
XVII	2072^[33]	250	fragment of an apology	Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library	Oxford	UK
Homilies (short sermons)
XIII	1601	400	homily aboutspiritual warfare	Ambrose Swasey Library Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School	Rochester New York	U.S.
XIII	1602	400	homily to monks (vellum)	University Library State University of Ghent	Ghent	Belgium
XIII	1603	500	homily about women	John Rylands University Library Inv R. 55247	Manchester	UK
XV	1785	450	collection of homilies [?]	Papyrology Room Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
XVII	2073^[34]	375	fragment of a homily and other text	Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library	Oxford	UK
Liturgical texts (protocols for Christian meetings)
XVII	2068^[35]	350	liturgical [?] fragments	Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library	Oxford	UK
III	407	300	Christian prayer	Department of Manuscripts British Library	London	UK
XV	1786	275	Christian hymn with musical notation	Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library	Oxford	UK
Hagiographies (biographies of saints)
L	3529^[36]	350	martyrdom of Dioscorus	Papyrology Room Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
Libelli (certificates of pagan sacrifice)
LVIII	3929	250	libellus from between 25 June and 24 July 250	Papyrology Room Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
IV	658	250	libellus from the year 250	Beinecke Library Yale University	New Haven Connecticut	U.S.
XII	1464	250	libellus 27 June 250	Department of Manuscripts British Library	London	UK
XLI	2990	250	libellus from the 3rd century	Papyrology Rooms Sackler Library	Oxford	UK
Other documentary texts
XLII	3035	256	warrant to arrest a Christian 28 February 256	Papyrology Room Ashmolean Museum	Oxford	UK
Other fragments
I	5	300	early Christian fragment	Bodleian Library Ms. Gr. Th. f 9 (P)	Oxford	UK

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Administrative texts

Secular texts

Greek

Historiography

Mathematics

Drama

Poetry

Latin

Christian texts

Old Testament

Old Testament Deuterocanon (or, Apocrypha)

Other related papyri

New Testament

New Testament apocrypha

Other related texts

Bibliography

See also

References

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