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Owen Richardson

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(Redirected fromOwen Willans Richardson)
British physicist (1879–1959)

Owen Richardson
Richardson in 1928
Born
Owen Willans Richardson

(1879-04-26)26 April 1879
Died15 February 1959(1959-02-15) (aged 79)
Alton, England, UK
Resting placeBrookwood Cemetery
EducationBatley Grammar School
Alma mater
Known forRichardson's law
Spouses
Children3
RelativesHarold Albert Wilson,Oswald Veblen (brothers-in-law)
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Institutions
Academic advisorsJ. J. Thomson[1]
Doctoral students
Other notable students
Signature

Sir Owen Willans Richardson (26 April 1879 – 15 February 1959) was a Britishphysicist who received the 1928Nobel Prize in Physics for his work onthermionic emission and for the discovery ofRichardson's law.[3]

Biography

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Owen Willans Richardson was born on 26 April 1879 inDewsbury, England, the only son of Joshua Henry Richardson and Charlotte Maria Willans.[4]

Richardson was educated atBatley Grammar School, before enteringTrinity College, Cambridge, in 1897, where he gainedFirst Class Honours in Natural Science in 1900 and was elected a Fellow in 1902.[4] He obtained aD.Sc. fromUniversity College London in 1904.[5]

In 1906, Richardson was appointed Professor of Physics atPrinceton University in the United States, a position he held until 1913. The following year, he returned to England to become Wheatstone Professor of Physics atKing's College London, where he was later made Director of Research in 1924. He retired from King's College in 1944.[6]

Richardson died on 15 February 1959 inAlton at the age of 79.[6] He is buried inBrookwood Cemetery (Plot 8) inSurrey.

Research

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In 1900, Richardson began researching theemission of electricity from hot bodies in theCavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. The following year, he demonstrated that the current from a heated wire seemed to depend exponentially on the temperature of the wire with a mathematical form similar to theArrhenius equation. This became known asRichardson's law: "If then the negative radiation is due to theelectrons coming out of the metal, thesaturation currents should obey the laws=AT1/2eb/T{\displaystyle s=A\,T^{1/2}\,e^{-b/T}}."[7]

Richardson also researched thephotoelectric effect,[8] thegyromagnetic effect, the emission of electrons by chemical reactions,[9] softX-rays, and the spectrum of hydrogen.

Family

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In 1906, Richardson married Lilian Maud Wilson, the sister of his Cavendish colleague,Harold Albert Wilson. They had two sons and a daughter.

Richardson had two sisters: Elizabeth Mary Dixon Richardson, who married the prominent mathematicianOswald Veblen; and Charlotte Sara Richardson, who married the American physicist (and 1937 Nobel laureate in Physics)Clinton Davisson, who was Richardson's Ph.D. student at Princeton. After Lilian's death in 1945, he was remarried in 1948 to Henriette Rupp, a physicist.

Richardson had a son, Harold Owen Richardson, who specialised in nuclear physics and was also the chairman of the Physics Department at Bedford College, London University, and later on became emeritus professor at London University.[citation needed]

Recognition

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Memberships

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YearOrganisationTypeRef.
1910United StatesAmerican Philosophical SocietyInternational Member[10]
1913United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandRoyal SocietyFellow[11]

Awards

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YearOrganisationAwardCitationRef.
1920United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandRoyal SocietyHughes Medal"For his work in experimental physics, and especially thermionics."[12]
1928SwedenRoyal Swedish Academy of SciencesNobel Prize in Physics"For his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him."[3]
1930United KingdomRoyal SocietyRoyal Medal"For his work on thermionics and spectroscopy."[13]

Chivalric titles

[edit]
YearHead of stateTitleRef.
1939United KingdomGeorge VIKnight Bachelor[14]

Works

[edit]
  • Title page to The emission of electricity from hot bodies (1916)
    Title page toThe emission of electricity from hot bodies (1916)
  • Preface to The emission of electricity from hot bodies (1916)
    Preface toThe emission of electricity from hot bodies (1916)
  • Table of contents to The emission of electricity from hot bodies (1916)
    Table of contents toThe emission of electricity from hot bodies (1916)
  • First page to The emission of electricity from hot bodies (1916)
    First page toThe emission of electricity from hot bodies (1916)

References

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  1. ^abcde"Physics Tree - Owen Willans Richardson".academictree.org. Retrieved3 August 2025.
  2. ^"Owen Richardson".Mathematics Genealogy Project. North Dakota State University. Retrieved1 June 2025.
  3. ^ab"Nobel Prize in Physics 1928".Nobel Foundation.Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved9 October 2008.
  4. ^ab"Owen Willans Richardson – Biographical".Nobel Foundation.Archived from the original on 12 September 2025. Retrieved18 October 2022.
  5. ^"O. W. Richardson".history.aip.org. Archived fromthe original on 23 September 2025. Retrieved1 September 2025.
  6. ^ab"Sir Owen Willans Richardson".Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved20 October 2023.
  7. ^Richardson, O. W. (1901)."On the Negative Radiation from Hot Platinum".Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.11:286–295.
  8. ^Richardson, O. W.;Compton, K. T. (1912)."The Photoelectric Effect".Science.35 (907):783–784.Bibcode:1912Sci....35..783R.doi:10.1126/science.35.907.783.PMID 17792421.
  9. ^Richardson, O. W. (1913)."The Emission of Electrons from Tungsten at High Temperatures: An Experimental Proof That the Electric Current in Metals Is Carried by Electrons".Science.38 (967):57–61.Bibcode:1913Sci....38...57R.doi:10.1126/science.38.967.57.PMID 17830216.
  10. ^"APS Member History".search.amphilsoc.org.Archived from the original on 14 May 2025. Retrieved7 December 2023.
  11. ^"Search Results".catalogues.royalsociety.org.Archived from the original on 15 February 2025. Retrieved3 November 2025.
  12. ^"Hughes Medal".royalsociety.org. Retrieved31 October 2025.
  13. ^"Royal Medals".royalsociety.org.Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved7 August 2014.
  14. ^"No. 34633".The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 June 1939. p. 3852.

External links

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