Ovidiopol Ові́діополь | |
|---|---|
 Church of Saint Mykola, the Miracleworker | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Interactive map of Ovidiopol | |
  Ovidiopol Location of Ovidiopol Show map of Ukraine Ovidiopol Ovidiopol (Odesa Oblast) Show map of Odesa Oblast | |
| Coordinates:46°14′41″N30°26′41″E / 46.24472°N 30.44472°E /46.24472; 30.44472 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Odesa Oblast |
| Raion | Odesa Raion |
| Hromada | Ovidiopol settlement hromada |
| First mentioned | 17th century |
| Area | |
• Total | 12.52 km2 (4.83 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 16 m (52 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 11,407 |
| • Density | 911.1/km2 (2,360/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 67800—805 |
| Area code | +380 4851 |
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Ovidiopol (Ukrainian:Ові́діополь;Russian:Овидиополь;Turkish:Hacıdere) is a coastalrural settlement inOdesa Oblast,Ukraine. It is located on the eastern bank ofDniester Estuary directly acrossBilhorod-Dnistrovskyi and 40 km (25 mi) west ofOdesa.[1] Ovidiopol hosts the administration ofOvidiopol settlement hromada, one of thehromadas of Ukraine.[2] Population:11,407 (2022 estimate).[3]
The place is first mentioned as early as 17th century.[1]Hacıdere belonged to Akkerman sanjak ofSilistra Eyalet,[1] orKefe Eyalet where Akkerman sanjak was actually located.[4] At Medieval times Akkerman, at that time known asMaurocastrum, was a trade port of Byzantine and later Genoese colonies out of the Southern coast of Crimea. In mid 18th century Hacıdere was a big populated place with a pier through which was conducted agrain trade.[1] During the1768–1774 Russo-Turkish War, in 1769 Hacıdere was burned down byZaporizhian Cossacks led byPetro Kalnyshevskyi.[1][5] About twenty years later in 1789 (during the1787–1792 Russo-Turkish War) the revived town was stormed and captured by the Russian troops and by the 1791Treaty of Jassy was transferred under the Russian administration.[1][5] Just before it was captured by Russians, the French military engineerAndré-Joseph Lafitte-Clavé who visited the area in late 18th century (1787) described that it took them around an hour to swim on a raft from Akkerman to Adzhider.[6] Lafitte-Clavé noted that depth in Dniester in the area is around 10 ft (3.0 m).[6]
The Adzhider (a Russian adaptation) fortress was built sometime around 1793 (end of 1792)[1] soon after end of the1787–1792 Russo-Turkish War and was among the three key fortresses in the area along with Hacibey fortress inOdesa and Middle fortress inTiraspol. The fortress had a specially built harbor and was intended to stand against the Ottoman Akkerman Fortress on the other side of theDniester Estuary (liman).[1] The location for the fortress was picked by the Russian field marshalAlexander Suvorov.[1][5] Construction of fortress was conducting by engineer captain Rester as astar fort on design of Flemish military engineerFrançois Sainte de Wollant.[1] The official date of laying the first stone in the fortress is 15 June 1793.[1] It was this date that in the Russian and theSoviet historiography was considered as the date of foundation.[1] In 1795 the Russian EmpressCatherine the Great by hers decree officially renamed the newly built fortress as Ovidiopol.[1] The fortress was built to protect entrance toDniester from theBlack Sea, cease Turkish attacks onMykolaiv andOchakiv and to serve as an intermediate storage of goods between Odesa and Dniester.[5]
The noble Cossack family ofSkarzhinsky had real estate investments in Ovidiopol during this time.[7]
The town was named in 1795 afterOvid,[1][5] the Roman poet exiled to theBlack Sea coast, based on the claim ofDimitrie Cantemir in hisDescriptio Moldaviae (1714–1716) that a local lake nearBilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (probably theDniester Liman itself, on whose eastern shore the town is located) was named in RomanianLacul Ovidului (Ovid's Lake). In reality Ovid stayed in Tomis (today RomanianConstanta).[5]
With the establishment of the fortress, around it appeared a settlement that in 1795 accounted for 266 people and was part of Tiraspol okrug (district) in Voznesensk Namestnichestvo (vice-royalty).[5] Ovidiopol was granted status of asupernumerary town ("zashtatny gorod").[8] In December of 1796 Voznesensk Namestnichestvo was liquidated and the territory became part ofNovorossiya Governorate.[5][1] In the beginning of 19th century Novorossiya Governorate was liquidated and Ovidiopol existed withKherson Governorate until the end ofWorld War I and theRussian Civil War.[5][1] In 1920-1925 Ovidiopol was inOdesa Governorate.[5][1]
Until 18 July 2020, Ovidiopol was the administrative center ofOvidiopol Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Ovidiopol Raion was split between Odesa andBilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raions, with Ovidiopol being transferred to Odesa Raion.[9][10]
Until 26 January 2024, Ovidiopol was designatedurban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Ovidiopol became a rural settlement.[11]
As ofUkraine's national census in 2001, Ovidiopol had a population of 11,818 inhabitants. Most of the population isUkrainophone, yet a significantRussian-speaking community also exists in the town, as well as a smaller number of linguistic minorities. The exact linguistic composition of the settlement was as follows:[12]
| percent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 83.2% | |||
| Russian | 14.6% | |||
| Armenian | 0.8% | |||
| Bulgarian | 0.7% | |||
| Moldovan | 0.4% | |||
| Belarusian | 0.1% | |||
| others | 0.2% | |||
Ovidiopol istwinned with:
