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| Company type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Digital distribution, ebooks, library services, school services, software and app development, digital content management, publishing |
| Founded | 1986 (1986) in Cleveland, Ohio (39 years) |
| Headquarters | Cleveland, Ohio ,United States |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Steve Potash (Pres and CEO) |
| Products | Libby,Kanopy, Sora,TeachingBooks.net |
| Owner | KKR (2020–present) |
| Website | overdrive |
OverDrive, Inc. is a worldwide digital distributor ofebooks,audiobooks,online magazines andstreaming video titles. The company providesdigital rights management and download fulfillment services for publishers,public libraries, K–12 schools, colleges, universities, corporations, legal industries, and formerly retailers.
The largest commercial provider of ebooks, audiobooks, and other digital content such as streaming videos in the world, a 2023 report estimated its market share as perhaps being upwards of 90%.[1]:11 OverDrive operates the ebook and audiobook appLibby, the video streaming appKanopy and the educational app Sora.
OverDrive was founded in 1986[2] and originally convertedanalog media todigital formats, such as interactivediskettes andCD-ROMs.[3] In 2000, the company openedContent Reserve, an onlineeBook and downloadableaudiobook repository from which its distribution business developed.[4]
Before entering the library market, OverDrive distributed eBooks to online stores. In 2002, OverDrive was selected as the distributor ofHarperCollins’ eBooks to the publisher's online retail stores.[5] OverDrive launched web stores forHarlequin Enterprises in 2005.[6] In 2008, OverDrive announced that it would provide download services forBorders Books.[7]
On September 21, 2011, OverDrive began supportingKindle public library book borrowing.[8]
In 2012, the company announced a series of service upgrades, including a browser-basedeReader, and audiobookstreaming, which enabled access to audiobooks via the company’sOverDrive Media Console app. The company also developed a media station, which allows users to browse their library's digital collection on touchscreen monitors and internet workstations. An API is available which allows developers to integrate OverDrive content into various apps and platforms.[9] The company announced a partnership with LexisNexis to provide the LexisNexis Digital Library, a customized eLending platform for the legal library market.[10] Nokia partnered with OverDrive to launch Nokia Reading, an eReading app and service for Nokia'sLumia 900, 800, 710, and 610Windows Phone devices.[11][12]
In 2014, OverDrive completed its headquarters in theCleveland suburb ofGarfield Heights, Ohio.[13]
In April 2015,Rakuten bought OverDrive for $410 million, with the deal set to close in April 2015.[14] OverDrive CEO Steve Potash remained in his position and OverDrive kept its name while operating under Rakuten USA.[15][16]
In 2019, it was reported that private equity firmKKR would be purchasing OverDrive fromRakuten.[14] The estimate market value was $775 million in 2019.[1]:11 The acquisition was finalized in June 2020.[17]
In June 2020,RBMedia sold its library assets to OverDrive; this includes RBDigital, an app and service for the distribution of digital content. RBMedia and OverDrive are both owned by KKR, with KKR's OverDrive purchase concluded in June 2020.[14] The sale of RBMedia's library division to OverDrive represents a merger of KKR's related assets.[18][19]
On June 9, 2021, it was announced that OverDrive had reached a deal to acquireKanopy, a leading on-demand streaming video platform for public and academic libraries. The acquisition was completed on July 15, 2021.[20]
In March of 2023, the company announced plans to sunset its flagship OverDrive app on May 1, 2023. OverDrive's new business model is to transition users to the newerLibby reading app, which allows public, corporate and academic library systems to provide digital content to members of their respective library's network.[21] The content consists of digital books, audiobooks, magazines and an extras section displaying all the databases and streaming media services that public, corporate and academic libraries have to offer to their users.
The 2023American Library Association report on the Digital Public Library Ecosystem found that younger users of the apps largely did not realize that local libraries paid for the services they received through apps like OverDrive's Libby.[1]:13
The 2023 American Library Association report on the Digital Public Library Ecosystem could not determine what user data Amazon could use and access from books read on the Kindle app through the partnership with Libby.[1]:11-12
In March of 2025, theMissouriSecretary of StateDenny Hoskins suspended state funding to OverDrive for use in K-12 school libraries pending investigation of "allegations regarding inappropriate materials accessible to minors."[22] The news release announcing the suspension did not provide any details on the nature or source of the allegations.[23] In response to the funding suspension, theMissouri Library Association stated that school librarians have direct control over what materials students can access on OverDrive's platforms, and that librarians are able to categorize access based on students' age to ensure that younger students cannot access materials that are suited for older students.[24]
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