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Ovandrotone albumin

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Immunogen and vaccine against androstenedione

Pharmaceutical compound

Ovandrotone albumin
Combination of
Ovandrotone	Androstane steroid
Human serum albumin	Serum protein
Clinical data
Trade names	Fecundin, Ovastim
Other names	Polyandroalbumin; GR-33207; Ovandrotone:human serum albumin conjugate
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Identifiers
CAS Number	63-05-8^Y
ChemSpider	None
UNII	409J2J96VR

Ovandrotone albumin (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name,BANTooltip British Approved Name) (brand namesFecundin,Ovastim),^[1] also known aspolyandroalbumin, as well asovandrotone:human serum albumin conjugate, is animmunogen andvaccine againstandrostenedione that is used inveterinary medicine to increase theovulation rate and number oflambs born toewes.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] It is aconjugate ofovandrotone (androstenedione-7α-carboxyethylthioether)^[6] andhuman serum albumin.^[5] The drug was developed by 1981 and was introduced inAustralia andNew Zealand in 1983.^[4]^[7]

Ovandrotone albumin produces transientimmunity against androstenedione,^[8] and the generation ofantibodies against androstenedione presumably decreases circulating levels of androstenedione.^[7] This is thought to result in reducednegative feedback on thehypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and increasedgonadotropin secretion, which in turn improvesfertility andfecundity.^[4] Indeed, ovandrotone albumin has been found to significantly increaseluteinizing hormone levels throughout theestrous cycle in ewes.^[4]

References

[edit]

^Sylvester-Bradley R, Wiseman J (1 January 2005).Yields of Farmed Species: Constraints and Opportunities in the 21st Century. Nottingham University Press. p. 55.ISBN 978-1-904761-23-5.
^Elks J (14 November 2014).The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. p. 908.ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
^Hoskinson RM, Scaramuzzi RJ, Campbell BK, Downing JA, Welch RJ, Harrison BE (1986). "Effects of Antibodies to Steroid Hormones on Reproductive Events of Sheep and Cattle".Immunological Approaches to Contraception and Promotion of Fertility. pp. 351–366.doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5140-5_38.ISBN 978-1-4684-5142-9.
^^a ^b ^c ^dCarnegie PR (1988). "Autoimmunization Against Hormones: A New Strategy in Animal Production".Anti-Idiotypes, Receptors, and Molecular Mimicry. pp. 245–254.doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3734-1_15.ISBN 978-1-4612-8325-6.
^^a ^bInternational Nonproprietary Names (INN) for biological and biotechnological substances
^Journal of Animal Science. American Society of Animal Science. 1991. pp. 3931–3932.
^^a ^bSreenan JM, Diskin MG (6 December 2012).Embryonic Mortality in Farm Animals. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 172–.ISBN 978-94-009-5038-2.
^Lindsay DR, Pearce DT, eds. (1984).Reproduction in Sheep. Cambridge University Press.

Androgens andantiandrogens

Androgens
(incl.AASTooltip anabolic–androgenic steroid)

ARTooltip Androgen receptoragonists

19-Nortestosterone derivatives:Bolandiol dipropionate
Nandrolone esters (e.g.,nandrolone decanoate,nandrolone phenylpropionate)
Norclostebol
Norclostebol acetate
Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate)
Trenbolone acetate
Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate (trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate)

17α-Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives:Androisoxazole
Furazabol
Mebolazine (dimethazine)
Mestanolone
Oxandrolone
Oxymetholone
Stanozolol

17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives:Ethylestrenol
Mibolerone
Norethandrolone
Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone)
Propetandrol (propethandrol)

17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives:Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone)

17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives:Danazol
Gestrinone
Progestins (e.g.,ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone),levonorgestrel,norgestrel,norethisterone (norethindrone),lynestrenol,norgestrienone)
Tibolone

Progesterone derivatives:Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Progonadotropins

Antiestrogens (e.g.,tamoxifen,clomifene)
GnRH agonists (e.g.,GnRH (gonadorelin),leuprorelin)
Gonadotropins (e.g.,LHTooltip luteinizing hormone,hCGTooltip human chorionic gonadotropin)

Antiandrogens

ARTooltip Androgen receptorantagonists

Steroidogenesis
inhibitors

5α-Reductase	Alfatradiol Dutasteride Epristeride Finasteride Saw palmetto extract
Others	Abiraterone acetate +niraparib Aminoglutethimide Bifluranol Cyproterone acetate Flutamide Ketoconazole Nilutamide Seviteronel^† Spironolactone

Antigonadotropins

Others

Androstenedione immunogens:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

See also: Androgen receptor modulators; Estrogens and antiestrogens; Progestogens and antiprogestogens; List of androgens/anabolic steroids

Estrogens andantiestrogens

Estrogens

ERTooltip Estrogen receptor agonists

Progonadotropins

Antiandrogens (e.g.,bicalutamide)
GnRH agonists (e.g.,GnRH (gonadorelin),leuprorelin)
Gonadotropins (e.g.,FSHTooltip follicle-stimulating hormone,LHTooltip luteinizing hormone)

Antiestrogens

ERTooltip Estrogen receptor antagonists (incl.SERMsTooltip selective estrogen receptor modulators/SERDsTooltip selective estrogen receptor downregulators)	Acolbifene^† Anordrin Bazedoxifene Broparestrol Clomifene^# Cyclofenil Enclomifene^† Epitiostanol Lasofoxifene Mepitiostane Ormeloxifene Ospemifene Raloxifene Tamoxifen^# Toremifene Exclusively antagonistic:Elacestrant Fulvestrant Imlunestrant Noncompetitive inhibitors:Trilostane
Aromatase inhibitors	First-generation:Aminoglutethimide Testolactone Second-generation:Fadrozole Formestane Third-generation:Anastrozole Exemestane Letrozole
Antigonadotropins	Androgens/anabolic steroids (e.g.,testosterone,testosterone esters,nandrolone esters,oxandrolone,fluoxymesterone) D₂ receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g.,domperidone,metoclopramide,risperidone,haloperidol,chlorpromazine,sulpiride) GnRH agonists (e.g.,leuprorelin,goserelin) GnRH antagonists (e.g.,cetrorelix,elagolix) Progestogens (e.g.,chlormadinone acetate,cyproterone acetate,gestonorone caproate,hydroxyprogesterone caproate,medroxyprogesterone acetate,megestrol acetate)
Others	Mixed mechanism of action:Danazol Gestrinone Androstenedione immunogens:Androvax (androstenedione albumin) Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

See also: Estrogen receptor modulators; Androgens and antiandrogens; Progestogens and antiprogestogens; List of estrogens

Artificial induction of immunity /Immunization:Vaccines,Vaccination,Infection,Inoculation (J07)

Development

Classes

Administration

Global:
US:

Vaccines

Bacterial	Anthrax Brucellosis Cholera^# Diphtheria^# Hib^# Leptospirosis Lyme disease^‡ Meningococcus^# MeNZB NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 Pertussis^# Plague Pneumococcal^# PCV PPSV Q fever Tetanus^# Tuberculosis BCG^# Typhoid^# Ty21a ViCPS Typhus combination: DPT/DTwP/DTaP Td/Tdap research: Clostridioides difficile Group B streptococcal disease Shigellosis
Viral	Adenovirus Chikungunya Ebola rVSV-ZEBOV Flu^# H1N1 (Pandemrix) H5N1 H5N8 LAIV Hantavirus Hepatitis A^# Hepatitis B^# Hepatitis E HPV^# Cervarix Gardasil Japanese encephalitis^# Measles^# Mpox Mumps^# Polio^# Sabin Salk Rabies^# Rotavirus^# Rubella^# SARS-CoV-2 Corbevax^† Bharat Biotech^† CanSino^† CoronaVac^† EpiVacCorona^† Janssen Kostaive Moderna Novavax Oxford–AstraZeneca Pfizer–BioNTech Sanofi–GSK^† Sinopharm BIBP^† Skycovione^† Sputnik V^† Valneva^† Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Smallpox Tick-borne encephalitis^# Varicella zoster Chicken pox^# Shingles Yellow fever^# combination: Hepatitis A and B MMR MMRV research: Cytomegalovirus Dengue^# Epstein–Barr virus Hepatitis C Herpes simplex HIV Zika
Protozoan	Malaria RTS,S research: Trypanosomiasis
Helminthiasis	research: Hookworm Schistosomiasis
Other	Androvax (androstenedione albumin) Cancer vaccines ALVAC-CEA BCG^# Hepatitis B^# HPV^# Cervarix Gardasil Prostvac NicVAX Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin) TA-CD TA-NIC combination: DTaP-IPV/Hib DTaP-IPV-HepB DTwP-HepB-Hib Hexavalent vaccine