Overview of and topical guide to sports
100m race record holderUsain Bolt (in yellow) and other runners, Moscow, 2013. Danish player Frederikke Lærke dives while Russian player Sofiya Lyshina looks on during a women'sbeach handball match, European Championships 2019. The followingoutline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sports:Sport physical activity orgame , oftencompetitive andorganized , that maintains or improves physical ability andskills . Sport may provide enjoyment to participants andentertainment to spectators. The number of participants in a particular sport can vary from hundreds of people to a single individual.
Sports can be described as all of the following:
Entertainment – Any sport that includes spectators, either free or paid admission, with no pre-scripted plot of the outcome. The athletics might also get entertained by complete sports objective.Exercise – some sports arephysical exercise while others aremental exercise . Africa
West Africa Benin •Burkina Faso •Cape Verde •Côte d'Ivoire •Gambia •Ghana •Guinea •Guinea-Bissau •Liberia •Mali •Mauritania •Niger •Nigeria •Senegal •Sierra Leone •Togo North Africa Algeria •Egypt •Libya •Mauritania •Morocco •Sudan •Tunisia •Western Sahara Central Africa Angola •Burundi •Cameroon •Central African Republic •Chad •The Democratic Republic of the Congo •Equatorial Guinea •Gabon •Republic of the Congo •Rwanda •São Tomé and Príncipe East Africa Burundi •Comoros •Djibouti •Eritrea •Ethiopia •Kenya •Madagascar •Malawi •Mauritius •Mozambique •Rwanda •Seychelles •Somalia •Tanzania •Uganda •Zambia •Zimbabwe Southern Africa Botswana •Eswatini •Lesotho •Namibia •South Africa Dependencies Mayotte (France) •St. Helena (UK) •Puntland •Somaliland •Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Antarctica
Asia
Central Asia Kazakhstan [ 1] Kyrgyzstan •Tajikistan •Turkmenistan •Uzbekistan East Asia China [ 2] Tibet Hong Kong [ 3] Macau [ 4] Japan •North Korea •South Korea •Mongolia •Taiwan [ 5] North Asia Russia [ 6] Southeast Asia [ 7] Brunei •Burma (Myanmar) •Cambodia [ 8] East Timor (Timor-Leste) [ 9] Indonesia [ 10] Laos •Malaysia •Philippines •Singapore •Thailand •Vietnam South Asia Afghanistan •Bangladesh •Bhutan •Iran •Maldives •Nepal •Pakistan •Sri Lanka India [ 11] Andhra Pradesh •Bihar •Delhi •Gujarat •Jammu and Kashmir •Karnataka Kerala •Madhya Pradesh •Maharashtra •Manipur •Mizoram •Odisha •Punjab •Tamil Nadu •West Bengal West Asia Armenia [ 12] Azerbaijan [ 13] Bahrain •Cyprus [ 14] Northern Cyprus ) •Georgia [ 15] Iraq •Israel •Jordan •Kuwait •Lebanon •Oman •Palestine [ 16] Qatar •Saudi Arabia •Syria •Turkey [ 17] United Arab Emirates •Yemen Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)
North Caucasus Parts ofRussia (Chechnya ,Ingushetia ,Dagestan ,Adyghea ,Kabardino-Balkaria ,Karachay–Cherkessia ,North Ossetia ,Krasnodar Krai ,Stavropol Krai ) South Caucasus Georgia (including disputedAbkhazia ,South Ossetia ) •Armenia •Azerbaijan (including disputedNagorno-Karabakh Republic )Europe
Akrotiri and Dhekelia •Åland •Albania •Andorra •Armenia •Austria •Azerbaijan •Belarus •Belgium •Bosnia and Herzegovina •Bulgaria •Croatia •Cyprus •Czech Republic •Denmark •Estonia •Faroe Islands •Finland •France •Georgia •Germany •Gibraltar •Greece •Guernsey •Hungary •Iceland •Ireland •Isle of Man •Italy •Jersey •Kazakhstan •Kosovo •Latvia •Liechtenstein •Lithuania •Luxembourg •Macedonia •Malta •Moldova (including disputedTransnistria ) •Monaco •Montenegro •Netherlands •Norway •Poland •Portugal •Romania •Russia •San Marino •Serbia •Slovakia •Slovenia •Spain •Svalbard •Sweden •Switzerland •Turkey •Ukraine United Kingdom England (Birmingham ,Bristol ,Cornwall ,London ,Milton Keynes ,Sussex ,Worthing ) •Northern Ireland (Belfast ) •Scotland (Glasgow ) •Wales (Cardiff )Vatican City European Union North America
Canada Greenland •Mexico Saint Pierre and Miquelon United States Alabama •Alaska •Arizona •Arkansas •California •Colorado •Connecticut •Delaware •Florida •Georgia •Hawaii •Idaho •Illinois •Indiana •Iowa •Montana •Kansas •Kentucky •Louisiana •Maine •Maryland •Massachusetts •Michigan •Minnesota •Mississippi •Missouri •Nebraska •Nevada •New Hampshire •New Jersey •New Mexico •New York •North Carolina •North Dakota •Ohio •Oklahoma •Oregon •Pennsylvania •Rhode Island •South Carolina •South Dakota •Tennessee •Texas •Utah •Vermont •Virginia •Washington •West Virginia •Wisconsin •Wyoming District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)Central America Belize •Costa Rica •El Salvador •Guatemala •Honduras •Nicaragua •Panama Caribbean Anguilla •Antigua and Barbuda •Aruba •Bahamas •Barbados •Bermuda •British Virgin Islands •Cayman Islands •Cuba •Dominica •Dominican Republic •Grenada •Haiti •Jamaica •Montserrat •Netherlands Antilles •Puerto Rico •Saint Barthélemy •Saint Kitts and Nevis •Saint Lucia •Saint Martin •Saint Vincent and the Grenadines •Trinidad and Tobago •Turks and Caicos Islands •United States Virgin Islands Oceania (includes the continent of Australia)Australasia [ 18] Australia ATC •New South Wales • (Sydney ) •Northern Territory •Queensland (Brisbane ) •South Australia •Tasmania •Victoria •Western Australia Dependencies/Territories of Australia Christmas Island [ 19] Cocos (Keeling) Islands •Norfolk Island New Zealand [ 20] Melanesia [ 21] Fiji •Indonesia (Oceanian part only)[ 22] New Caledonia (France) •Papua New Guinea [ 23] Solomon Islands •Vanuatu •Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia •Guam (US ) •Kiribati •Marshall Islands •Nauru •Northern Mariana Islands (USA) •Palau •Wake Island (USA) •Polynesia [ 24] American Samoa (USA) •Chatham Islands (NZ) •Cook Islands (NZ ) •Easter Island (Chile) •French Polynesia (France) •Hawaii (USA) •Loyalty Islands (France) •Niue (NZ) •Pitcairn Islands (UK ) •Adamstown •Samoa •Tokelau (NZ) •Tonga •Tuvalu •Wallis and Futuna (France)South America
Argentina •Bolivia •Brazil •Chile •Colombia •Ecuador •Falkland Islands •Guyana •Paraguay •Peru •Suriname •Uruguay •Venezuela South Atlantic
Ascension Island •Saint Helena •Tristan da Cunha Recreational sporting [ edit ] Officiating technology [ edit ] Comparison of sports [ edit ] World governing bodies of various notable sports:
General American football Association football Baseball Basketball Other sports Sports television programs [ edit ] Sports ethics and conduct [ edit ] Sports participants [ edit ] Sports and politics [ edit ] The sociology of sport is a subfield ofsociology which aims to study sports through the lens of interactions between different groups and cultures.[ 25] feminist movements.[ 26]
Sport psychology is the study of how psychological factors can impact engagement in professional and recreational sports, as well as how sports impact an athlete's psychological state.[ 27] [ 28] [ 29] [ 30] [ 31]
Sports-related outlines [ edit ] ^ Kazakhstan is sometimes considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. ^ Thestate is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by theeponymous entity and civilization (China) . ^ Hong Kong is aSpecial Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC. ^ Macau is aSpecial Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC. ^ Under thede facto control of theRepublic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to asTaiwan . Claimed in whole by the PRC; seepolitical status of Taiwan . ^ Russia is atranscontinental country ; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. ^ ExcludesChristmas Island andCocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territories in theIndian Ocean southwest ofIndonesia ). ^ General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 - Provisional population totals, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, released 3 September 2008 ^ East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia andOceania . ^ Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia andOceania ^ IncludesJammu and Kashmir , a contested territory among India,Pakistan , and thePRC . ^ Armenia is sometimes considered a transcontinental country physiographically inWestern Asia , it has historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. ^ Azerbaijan is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. Figures includeNakhchivan , an autonomousexclave of Azerbaijan bordered byArmenia ,Iran , andTurkey . ^ The island ofCyprus is sometimes considered a transcontinental territory in the Eastern Basin of theMediterranean Sea south ofTurkey , it has historical and socio-political connections with Europe. TheU.N. considers Cyprus to be in Western Asia, while theC.I.A. considers it to be in theMiddle East . ^ Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for the Asian portion only. ^ Gaza andWest Bank , collectively referred to as the "Occupied Palestinian Territory" by the UN, areterritories partially occupied byIsrael but underde facto administration of thePalestinian National Authority . ^ Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Southern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only, excluding all ofIstanbul . ^ The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand." ^ Christmas Island andCocos (Keeling) Islands areAustralian external territories in theIndian Ocean southwest ofIndonesia .^ New Zealand is often considered part ofPolynesia rather thanAustralasia .^ Excludes parts ofIndonesia , island territories inSoutheast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region. ^ Indonesia is generally considered a territory ofSoutheastern Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included inAustralasia orMelanesia . Figures include Indonesian portion ofNew Guinea (Irian Jaya ) andMaluku Islands .^ Papua New Guinea is often considered part ofAustralasia as well asMelanesia .^ Excludes theUS state ofHawaii , which is distant from theNorth American landmass in thePacific Ocean , andEaster Island , a territory ofChile inSouth America . ^ Macri, Kenneth J. (2012)."Not Just a Game: Sport and Society in the United States" .Inquiries Journal .4 (8). ^ Hayhurst, Lyndsay MC (2011-04-01)."Corporatising Sport, Gender and Development: postcolonial IR feminisms, transnational private governance and global corporate social engagement" Third World Quarterly .32 (3):531– 549.doi :10.1080/01436597.2011.573944 .ISSN 0143-6597 .S2CID 145619969 . ^ Weinberg, Robert Stephen (2011).Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology ISBN 978-1-4504-0038-1 ^ Fuchs, Alfred H. (1998)."Psychology and "The Babe" Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences .34 (2):153– 165.doi :10.1002/(SICI)1520-6696(199821)34:2<153::AID-JHBS3>3.0.CO;2-T .ISSN 1520-6696 .PMID 9580977 . ^ Vealey, Robin S. (2005).Coaching for the Inner Edge ISBN 978-1-885693-59-4 ^ Williams, Jean Marie (2006).Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak Performance ISBN 978-0-07-284383-5 ^ Ravizza K, Hanson T. (1995). Heads up baseball: Playing the game one pitch at a time. Lincolmwood, IL: Masters Press.
Outlines of sports by country
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