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Outline of abnormal psychology

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Overview of and topical guide to abnormal psychology

The followingoutline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to abnormal psychology:

Abnormal psychology – is the scientific study ofabnormal behavior in order to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning. Abnormalpsychology inclinical psychology studies the nature ofpsychopathology, its causes, and its treatments. Of course, the definition of what constitutes 'abnormal' has varied across time and across cultures. Individuals also vary in what they regard asnormal or abnormalbehavior. Additionally, many current theories and approaches are held by psychologists, including biological, psychological, behavioral, humanistic, existential, and sociocultural.^[1] In general, abnormal psychology can be described as an area of psychology that studies people who are consistently unable to adapt and function effectively in a variety of conditions. The main contributing factors to how well an individual is able to adapt include theirgenetic makeup, physical condition,learning andreasoning, andsocialization.

Nature of abnormal psychology

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Abnormal psychology can be described as all of the following:

Anacademic discipline – focused study in one academic field or profession. A discipline incorporates expertise, people, projects, communities, challenges, studies, inquiry, and research areas that are strongly associated with a given discipline.
One of thesocial sciences – concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.
- A branch ofpsychology – study of mind and behavior.
Anapplied science – discipline of science that applies existing scientific knowledge to develop more practical applications, like treating the mentally ill.

Essence of abnormal psychology

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Approaches of abnormal psychology

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Somatogenic – abnormality is seen as a result of biological disorders in the brain.^[2] This approach has led to the development of radical biological treatments, e.g. lobotomy.
Psychogenic – abnormality is caused by psychological problems.Psychoanalytic (Freud),Cathartic,Hypnotic andHumanistic Psychology (Carl Rogers,Abraham Maslow)^[3] treatments were all derived from this paradigm.

Mental disorders

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Mental disorder

List of mental disorders § Types of mental disorders – examples of mental disorders include:
Treatment of mental disorders

Mental health professions

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Mental health profession

Mental health professionals

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Mental health professional

History of abnormal psychology

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Further information:History of psychology

History of mental disorders

History of mental disorders, by type
- History of anxiety disorders
  - History of posttraumatic stress disorder
- History of bipolar disorder
- History of depression
  - History of major depressive disorder
- History of neurodevelopmental disorders
  - History of autism
  - History of Asperger syndrome
- History of obsessive–compulsive disorder
- History of personality disorders
  - History of psychopathy
- History of schizophrenia
History of the treatment of mental disorders
- History of clinical psychology
- History of electroconvulsive therapy
  - History of electroconvulsive therapy in the United Kingdom
- History of psychiatry
- History of psychiatric institutions
- History of psychosurgery
  - History of psychosurgery in the United Kingdom
  - Lobotomy – consists of cutting or scraping away most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex, the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain. The purpose of the operation was to reduce the symptoms of mental disorder, and it was recognized that this was accomplished at the expense of the patient's personality and intellect! By the late 1970s, the practice of lobotomy had generally ceased.
- History of psychotherapy

Abnormal psychology organizations

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American Psychological Association (APA) – largest organization of psychologists in the United States.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) – part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, it specializes in mental illness research.
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) – provides support, education, and advocacy for people affected by mental illness.

Abnormal psychology publications

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Journals

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Persons influential in abnormal psychology

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References

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^Raskin, Jonathan D. (2019).Abnormal psychology : contrasting perspectives. London.ISBN 978-1-137-54716-3.OCLC 1020580901.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Kraeplin, 1883
^Bennett 2003, pp. 7–10 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBennett2003 (help)

External links

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