Our Homeland Movement Mi Hazánk Mozgalom | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | MH; MHM |
| President | László Toroczkai |
| Deputy President | Dóra Dúró |
| Vice Presidents | István Apáti Dávid Dócs Előd Novák Zoltán Pakusza |
| General Secretary | István Szabadi |
| Founders | László Toroczkai Előd Novák Dóra Dúró |
| Founded | 23 June 2018 (2018-06-23) |
| Registered | 20 August 2018 (2018-08-20) |
| Split from | Jobbik |
| Headquarters | 1085Budapest, József krt. 43. |
| Newspaper | Magyar Jelen |
| Youth wing | Youth of Our Homeland |
| Paramilitary wing | Nemzeti Légió (2019–2020) Magyar Önvédelmi Mozgalom (2020–)[1] |
| Membership(2022) |  2,500 – 3,000[2] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-right[A][17] |
| European affiliation | Europe of Sovereign Nations Party |
| European Parliament group | Europe of Sovereign Nations Group |
| Colours | Green White |
| Slogan | Minden magyar felelős minden magyarért! ('Every Hungarian is responsible for every Hungarian!') (Dezső Szabó) |
| National Assembly | 6 / 199 |
| European Parliament | 1 / 21 |
| County Assemblies | 62 / 381 |
| General Assembly of Budapest | 0 / 33 |
| Website | |
| mihazank.hu | |
^ A: The MHM is often considered part of theradical right, a subset of the far-right that does not oppose democracy.[20] | |
Our Homeland Movement (Hungarian:Mi Hazánk Mozgalom,pronounced[ˈmiˈhɒzaːŋkˈmozɡɒlom],Mi Hazánk,MHM,MH) is a Hungarianfar-right political party. It was founded byÁsotthalom mayor and formerJobbik Vice-President,László Toroczkai, along with other Jobbik dissidents who left the organization after the party's leadership moved away from its radical beginnings. The party ran in the 2019 European Parliament elections for the first time, but it did not win a seat. However, in the2022 parliamentary election, it became the third-largestparty in the country with a result of nearly 6%, far surpassing public opinion polls. In the 2024 European Parliament elections, the party continued to increase its support, reaching nearly 7%.
On April 8, 2018, after the lost elections, the president of Jobbik, Gábor Vona, resigned, true to his promise, and therefore a reform congress was announced in the party. László Toroczkai was the first to indicate his intention to run for the position of president, which was followed by the presidential application of Tamás Sneider, nominated by the acting presidency. Almost half of the congress delegates (46%) voted for the pair of László Toroczkai (president) and Dóra Dúro (deputy president). László Toroczkai announced that he is forming a platform within the party called Mi Magunk.[21] The presidency announced that it will not accept Toroczkai's platform because it considers it against the constitution, although there is no such decision in the constitution. Proceedings were initiated against Toroczkai and Dóra Dúró, Dóra Dúró was expelled from the faction, and Toroczkai from the party. After that,Dóra Dúró[22] and her husbandElőd Novák left the party, so the Mi Magunk platform became an independent movement. Due to the failure of the platform creation, the new movement under the name Mi Hazánk Mozgalom will raise its flag on June 23, 2018 in Ásottthalom. As a result of Toroczkai's expulsion and the proceedings against Dóra Dúró, many Jobbik members and grassroots organizations indicated their withdrawal from the party or their dissolution. Some of them joined the new movement.[23] On August 20, 2018, they announced their Founding Declaration at their celebratory event in Budapest's Városliget, and the next day, on August 21, 2018, Deputy President Dóra Dúró announced that the court registration of Mi Hazánk Mozgalom as a political party was legally binding.[24]
In early 2019, the party made an alliance with the right-wingHungarian Justice and Life Party and the agrarianIndependent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party.[25]
In2019 local elections, the party won 8 seats in counties' assemblies.
In the2022 parliamentary election, the party surpassed the 5% threshold to enter parliament, winning 6 seats and forming the second largest faction in the Hungarian Parliament.
In 2022, the party hosted representatives ofAlternative for Sweden (AfS),Alternative for Germany (AfD), the DutchForum for Democracy (FvD) and the BulgarianRevival party at the Hungarian-Serbian border, describing them as "allies".[26] Our Homeland Movement party leaderLászló Toroczkai, as well as AfD's Stefan Korte, both held individual speeches at AfS's election campaign meeting held inRålambshovsparken in Stockholm on 6 August 2022.[27]
In August 2023, the party organized a joint "Declaration for a free Europe of Nations" with the AfS, FvD, Revival, the Czech Republic'sFreedom and Direct Democracy and the Swiss Mass-Voll party, with a view towards forming a future new group in theEuropean Parliament.[28]
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Although the party identifies itself as "third way", opposing the policies of both the left-wing opposition and the governing right-wing partyFidesz, the mass-media has variously described Our Homeland Movement and its ideology asnationalist,[29]right-wing populist,[5]far-right,[10][11]radical right,[18] extremist[30] and evenneo-fascist.[40] The party hasanti-immigration,[8]anti-Masonic[41] andpro-Russian views,[42][43] and it was also accused of havinganti-Islamic,[42]antiziganist,[44][45]antisemitic[46][47] views. The party holdsnational conservative,[6]traditionalist[7] andsocial conservative positions.[48]
The party also positioned itself asagrarianist.[49] According to the movement, Hungary should become economically independent, and to this end, the party would create hundreds of small and largefood processing plants in the country and announce a newland distribution program.[50] With the distribution of land, they would like to favor young Hungarians in particular.[51] They would re-establish the Hangya Szövetkezet (Ant Cooperative)[52] that existed in Hungary in the first half of the 20th century, whose task was to ensure that farmers achieved a good position in the market, allowing their interests to prevail.[53]
The movement holdsanti-communist views.[54] The party demands the disclosure of agent lists, the accountability of party state leaders – for example,MSZMP leaders,KISZ secretaries,Workers' Militia andÁVH members – and their ban from public life, as well as the withdrawal of communist luxury pensions.[52] The party considers theAntifa movement a terrorist organization.[55][56] They support the demolition of statues containingcommunist symbols, such as the Soviet Heroic Monument onLiberty Square.[57]
Tocurb corruption,[58] they would abolish immunity. They oppose joining theEuropean Public Prosecutor's Office,[59] instead wishing to establish a Hungarian Anti-corruption Prosecutor's Office.[60] The executive board of the organization would include prosecutors delegated by the government and the opposition, as well as non-parliamentary social organizations.[52]
The party supports the autonomy of Hungarian communities abroad, for example, it supports theSzékely autonomy movement and it also supportsHungarian Regional Autonomy.[61] They would support education of theHungarian diaspora in the Hungarian language from kindergarten to university, as well as the use ofHungarian national symbols.[52][62] The party wishes to establish the day of the signing of theSecond Vienna Award as a holiday, called the Day of Homecoming, to commemorate the territorial revisions recovered by regentMiklós Horthy.[63]
The party strongly opposesLGBT rights.[64] After the release of a children's book,Meseország mindenkié, which features LGBT members and ethnic minorities as characters, the Deputy President of the party,Dóra Dúró, referred to the book as "homosexual propaganda" during a press conference, and promptly ripped pages out of the book and then shredded them. The move caused significant controversy and garnered international attention.[65] The party has called for a ban on LGBT pride marches.[66][67] Eventually, the Fidesz government banned pride marches in the country in 2024, resulting in the largest pride march in the country's history.[68]
In an interview withMandiner, party leaderLászló Toroczkai described MHM as "a unique green party in Europe", stating that "we are unwilling to accept that only anti-social and anti-human liberal parties can be green parties. We think that those who do not want to protect our environment, our forests, our beautifulGreat Plain,Lake Balaton, our rivers cannot really love their homeland". Thus, the party is sometimes referred to as supporting some form ofgreen conservatism.[6]
Amidst theCOVID-19 pandemic, the party has protested lockdown measures set in place by the government, accusing them of "inciting panic" and ruining the country.[69] The party also promotesvaccine hesitancy, having launched a petition against the use of COVID-vaccines on children aged 12–15.[70] In 2024, they called on the government to explore the possibility of banningmRNA vaccines, which they say are "responsible for many health problems and deaths".[71] Previously, several politicians of the party have falsely spread the claim that vaccines are "three times more deadly than the virus itself."[72] They support withdrawal from theWorld Health Organization (WHO).[73]
The party supports the reintroduction of thedeath penalty, and it also supports the reintroduction ofconscription.[74][75][76] They support the re-establishment of the Hungarian Border Guard,[77] the development of theHungarian national defence and military industry.[78] However, they oppose the participation of Hungarian soldiers in international missions.[79][80]
Inforeign policy, the party advocates closer ties with Turkey, the states of thePersian Gulf, theBRICS countries, andPalestine.[81][82]
During theRussian invasion of Ukraine, the party referred to Ukraine as an "unfriendly country" and called on it to give up territory claimed by Russia "for the sake of peace".[83][84] They did not support sanctions against Russia and voted against Finland's[85] and Sweden's[86] accession toNATO. On 27 January 2024 Toroczkai said at a conference that the party would lay claim to aHungarian-populated region in western Ukraine if the war led to Ukraine losing its statehood.[87]
The party advocates neutrality in theIsrael-Palestine conflict and criticises theFidesz government for its pro-Israel stance, with Our Homeland Movement calling for an immediate ceasefire and two-state solution, condemning the death of civilians on both sides, and describing theIsraeli invasion of the Gaza Strip as a "massacre".[88] The party later invited the Ambassador of South Africa to Hungary to present its claim of Israeli genocide in Gaza at an event held at the Turkish Embassy, and advocated for designating Israeli settlers in the West Bank as terrorists.[89]
The movement would initiate a referendum on Hungary's withdrawal from theEuropean Union.[90][91] They believe that Western European multinational companies take more profits out of the country than money comes in from the EU.[52] They completely reject theEuropean Federalism.[92] Instead, they prefer nationalist nation-states. As a result, Mi Hazánk has been described asnationalist,[93] andhard Eurosceptic.[94]
Ineducation, their goal is to modernize the curriculum and reduce the amount of current curriculum. They believe that IT,English and physical education should be given priority. In addition, they consider the nationalist education of young Hungarians and their education for family life to be important. They support the creation of Christian and nationalist children's movements, such as theLevente Movement. In the summer of 2023, they started such camps in several settlements of the country. The party supports thesegregation of Hungarian and Roma pupils in educational institutions.[95] However, according to the party's official position, students would be segregated based on their behavior rather than their nationality.[52]
| Image | Name | Entered office | Left office | Length of Leadership | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | László Toroczkai | 23 June 2018 | present | 7 years, 5 months and 5 days |
The number of members of Our Homeland Movement | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Membership | |
| 2019 | 1,000[96] | |
| 2020 | 1,300[97] | |
| 2022 | 2,500 – 3,000[2] | |
In May 2019, it was announced the party would be forming theNational Legion, a uniformed "self-defense" group similar toMagyar Gárda, the paramilitary wing ofJobbik, which was banned in 2009.[98][99] The National Legion ceased to exist a year later, and its members merged into the Hungarian Self-Defense Movement, which operated independently of the party.[100]
| Election | Leader | Constituency | Party list | Seats | +/– | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
| 2022 | László Toroczkai | 307,064 | 5.71% (#3) | 332,487 | 5.88% (#3) | 6 / 199 | New | Opposition |
| Election | List leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | EP Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | László Toroczkai | 114,156 | 3.29 (#6) | 0 / 21 | New | – |
| 2024 | 306,404 | 6.71 (#4) | 1 / 21 | 1 | ESN |
| National Assembly (199) |
|
|---|---|
| Not represented* |
* Threshold for parties to join the National Assembly in Hungary is 5% of the popular vote, 10% for coalitions of two parties, and 15% for coalitions of three or more parties. |
| European Parliament (21) | |
