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TheOulad Tidrarin (Arabic:أولاد تيدرارين,romanized: Awlād Tīdrārīn) is aSahrawitribe of Arab origin. They speakHassaniyaArabic. They areMuslims, belonging to theMaliki school ofSunniIslam. They live mainly in Western Sahara but also in Morocco and Mauritania.[1]
The Oulad Tidrarin settled theSaguia el-Hamra andRío de Oro areas of Northwest Africa, their original home. Many live in theCape Bojador and the coastline of the south ofMorocco, some on the coast ofSaguia el-Hamra and some branches live in the south and east ofMauritania. There are some members of the Uladsliman and Lidadsa in subgroups inMali.[citation needed]
The name Tidrarin isBerber and means 'mountain dweller'. It is thediminutive form ofidrarin ("mountains").[2][3][4]
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The Oulad Tidrarin are said to be founded by Hannin whose alias was Tidrarin (the mountain dweller). Hannin may have lived in the 15th century and was originally from theAdrar in Mauritania but was taken to what is today Western Sahara after being captured by aghazi. Ali, the great-great grandson of Hannin, is said to be the ancestor of most of the fractions of the tribes. Furthermore, seven of the Oulad Tidrarin's fractions descend from Sidi Ahmed Bou Ghambor who was an important and powerful chief at the end of the 17th century and beginning of the 18th during the Oulad Tidrarin's zenith.[2]
The tribe entered a period of decline in the 18th century and eventually they were forced to pay thehorma to theOulad Delim becoming their tributaries. Only the Ahel Taleb Ali avoided this. They were reduced from azawaya tribe to the status of aznaga tribe and were not allowed to bear arms.[2]
In 1888, they rebelled against the Oulad Delim and in retaliation the Oulad Delim killed 22 Tidrarinis at Tah. This caused many Tidrarinis to seek refuge and migrate to Morocco. Eventually, other tribes like theReguibat who sided the Oulad Tidrarin and the Ait Lahcen of theTekna who joined the Oulad Delim joined the war. However, the Reguibat made peace with the Oulad Delim which led to more of the Oulad Tidrarin migrating to Morocco and the ones who remained being forced to pay tribute to the Oulad Delim.[2]
Because of the imposed Spanish peace, the Oulad Tidrarin were freed from the horma and prospered comparatively to the Oulad Delim. In 1950, they owned more camels than the Oulad Delim and by the 1970s, they were mainly sedentary like other Sahrawi tribes. According to the 1974 Spanish census, they mainly lived inLaayoune,Dakhla andBoujdour.[2]
The Oulad Tidrarin are made up of 10 fractions:[5]
The Lidadsa and the El-Haseinat were adopted into the tribe so they do not descend from Ali, the great-great-grandson of Hannin (Tidrarin).[2]
The tribe has established centres for the spread ofIslamic culture, particularly along the Atlantic coast region. They have received recognition from the Moroccan sultans for their work in this area.[citation needed]
The Ouled Tidrarin, for instance, are supposedly descended from an eponymous ancestor named Hannin, otherwise known as "Tidrarin" meaning literally "man of the mountain", from the Berber word "adrar" which means "mountain" and is also used to designate the region in whichOuadane is located. And there is still a ruined building at Ouadane known as "the fort of the Ouled Tidrarin".
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